中考英語作文復習指導
在我們平凡的日常里，大家最不陌生的就是作文了吧，作文是人們以書面形式表情達意的言語活動。還是對作文一籌莫展嗎？下面是小編整理的中考英語作文復習指導，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。
單選的命題特點有：重點突出，覆蓋面廣;答案唯一，選對不易;重視語境，強調情景;迷惑性大，綜合性強等特點。所以在做單選時還應知道以下注意事項。
一：題干中暗示信息
現(xiàn)在的考試中不再像以前那樣，直接告訴題意，而是把題置于一個特定的環(huán)境。題干上常暗含題意，這種暗示信息，就是答題的關鍵。例如：
(07年陜西中考題——單選部分第一道題)
——Would you like some ________ ?
——No, thank you. I’m not hungry at all.
A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee
本題是考查名詞的用法，從題干上可知A、B、C、D四個選項都可以，這時我們看到答句中有I’m not hungry ，意思是“我不餓”，故選C。
二：注意積累知識，牢記固定搭配
(08年陜西中考題——單選部分第六道題)
His parents often encourage him _________ hard.
A. work B. working C. to work D. works
本題是考查動詞的用法，從題干可知考encourage的用法，后面跟動詞不定式，故選C。所以一定要多去積累相關的動詞，聯(lián)想記憶。
三：注意審題，排除干擾選項
(08年陜西中考題——單選部分第四道題)
After discussing, the students _________ some good ideas to work on the project.
A. put up B. set up
C. caught up with D. came up with
本題是考查動詞詞組的用法，從題干可知: put up意為建造; set up意為建立; catch up with意為趕上…;填到句子中都不通順，而come up with意為想出，提供。因此由題意判斷，故選D。
四：注意觀察日常生活，積累素材
(05年陜西中考題——單選部分第八道題)
“The World Without Thieves”is a very moving film. I _______ it twice already.
A. will see B. see C. saw D. have seen
本題是考查完成時的用法，其實從題干twice already可知:考查完成時，故選D。但同時我們也應該注意到題目本身所透漏的信息，我們要多積累其他知識，如：天文、地理、歷史、生活等，真正將英語學以致用。
五：注意英語日常習慣表達
(07年陜西中考題——單選部分第九道題)
——_______________ ?
——He is tall.
A. How is he B. What does he like
C. What is he D. What does he look like
本題是考查英語中日常用語的用法，從題干He is tall.可知：考的是這個人的外貌，所以要用look like，故選D。同時要注意like不同詞性的用法，聯(lián)想記憶其他相類似單詞、詞組。
六：注意一些特殊的語法現(xiàn)象
(04年陜西中考題——單選部分第四道題)
There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. has D. is going to have
初看試題，很多同學都會毫不猶豫地選D，實際上選項D是錯誤的。選錯的原因是have a football match(舉行足球比賽)是個固定短語，this evening(今天晚上)又是表示將來的時間狀語，從這兩個方面來分析選項D是正確的。若從句型方面分析，本題應屬于there be句型，其一般將來時的構成應是there will be或there is (are) going to be。因此，正確答案是B。
1. It作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.
2.強調句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
3. All+抽象名詞或抽象名詞+itself(very+形容詞)
He was all gentleness to her.
4.利用詞匯重復表示強調
A crime is a crime a crime.
5. something(much)of和nothing(little)of something of相當于to some extent，表示程度。在疑問句或條件從句中，則為anything of ，可譯為有點，略微等。譯為毫無，全無。much of譯為大有，not much of可譯為算不上，稱不上，little of可譯為幾乎無。something like譯為有點像，略似。
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6.同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個名詞都指同一個人或物，of以及它前面的名詞構一個形容詞短語，以修飾of后面的那個名詞。如her old sharper of a father，可譯為：她那騙子般的父親。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. asascan(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8. It is in(with)as in(with)
It is in life as in a journey.
9. as good as相等于，就像，幾乎如;實際上，其實，實在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10.many as wellas和might as well as many as wellas可譯為與其，不如，更好，以這樣做為宜，如同，也可以等等。might as well as表示不可能的事，可譯為猶如，可與一樣荒唐，與其那樣不如這樣的好等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
11.to makeof的譯法(使成為，把當作)
I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo+不定式，not(never)too+不定式，toonot+不定式
She is too angry to speak.
13. only(not, all, but, never) too to do so和too ready (apt) + to do結構中，不定式也沒有否定意義，凡是not，allbut等字后+tooto，不定式都失去了否定意義，在too ready(apt) +to do結構中，不定式也沒有否定意義。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14. no more than句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15. not so muchas和not so much as結構，not so muchas=not so much as，其中as有進可換用but rather，可譯為：與其說是毋須說是。而not so much as=without(not)even，可譯為甚至還沒有。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .
16. Nothing is morethan和Nothing is so as結構，Nothing is morethan和Nothing is so as都具有最高級比較的意思，Nothing I可換用no，nobody，nowhere，little，few，hardly，scarcely等等，可譯為沒有比更為，像再沒有了，最等。
Nothing is more precious than time.
17. cannottoo結構,cannottoo意為It is impossible to overdo或者，即無論怎樣也不算過分。not可換用hardly，scarcely等，too可換用enough，sufficient等
You cannot be too careful.
18.否定+but結構，在否定詞后面的but，具有which not，who not，that not，等等否定意義，構成前后的雙重否定。可譯成沒有不是或都等
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
19.否定+until (till)結構，在否定詞no，not，never，little，few，seldom等的后邊所接用的until/till，多數(shù)情況下譯為直到才，要才，把否定譯為肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20. not sobut和not such a but結構，這兩個結構和否定+but的結構差不多，不同之點是這兩個結構中的but是含有thatnot意味的連續(xù)詞，表示程度。可譯為還沒有到不能做的程度，并不是不，無論怎樣也不是不能等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.
21.疑問詞+shouldbut結構，這個結構表示過去的意外的事，意為nonebut，可譯為除了還有誰會，豈料，想不到竟是等。
Who should write it but himself?
22. who knows but (that)和who could shouldbut結構，這個結構是反問形式，一般意譯為多半，亦未可知等等，有時也可直譯。
Who knows but (that) he may go?
23.祈使句+and和祈使句+or結構，祈使句+and表示Ifyou，祈使名+or表示ifnot，you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.
24.名詞+and結構，在這個結構中，名詞等于狀語從句，或表示條件，或表示時間。
A word, and he would lose his temper.
25. as,so結構，這里的so的意思是in the same way(也是如此)。此結構表明兩個概念在程度上和關系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
26. if any結構，if any和if ever，意思是果真有，即使有，表示加強語氣。與此類似的還有：if anything(如有不同的話，如果稍有區(qū)別)，if a day(=at least，至少)。
There is little, if any, hope.
27. be it ever(never)so和let it be ever(never)so結構，這里，be it中的be是古英語假設語氣的遺留形式，現(xiàn)代英語則使用let it be。ever so和never so都表示同一意思，都表示very。
Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
28. the last+不定式和the last +定語從詞結構，這種結構中的last意思是the least likely，用于否定性推論。可譯為最不大可能的，最不合適的，由原意的最后一個變成最不可能的一個。
He is the last man to accept a bride.
29. sothat句型，這個句型的意思是如此，以致于，但在翻譯成漢語時，許多情況下，并不是一定要譯成如此以致于，而是變通表達其含義。
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
30. more + than+原級形容詞(副詞)結構，這是將不同性質加以比較，其中的more有rather的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.
31. more than +動詞結構，這種結構表示動詞的程度，可譯為異常，豈止，十二分地等。
This more than satisfied me.
32. good and的副詞用法，譯為非常，很等。類似還有nice and , fine and , lovely and , bright and , rare and , big and等，均表示程度。
The apples are good and ripe.
33. and that結構，這個and that應譯為而且，表示對它前面陳述部分的語氣加強，that代表前面的整個陳述部分。
Return to your work , and that at once.
34. at onceand結構，這個結構譯為既又，起相關連接的作用，相當于bothand。
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.
35. in that結構，這個結構的意思是在那一點上(方面)，可譯為因為。類似的結構還有in this。
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.
36. the name notwithstanding結構，這個結構中notwithstanding是介詞，這個介詞可以置前，可以置后，比如也可寫成：notwithstanding the name。起讓步狀語的作用。
Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.
37. Everynot和Allnot結構，Everynot表示不見得每個都是Allnot表示不見得所有都是的意思。
Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.
38. may as well notas結構，此結構可譯為與其不如不。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
39. have only to do結構，此結構表示只須(消)就能的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
40. not (no) unless句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.
41. betterthan句型
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.
42. as it were是一個非常常用的插入語，意思是好象，可以說等。
Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.
43.復雜結構，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定語從句過長，把謂語must realize提到定語從句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.
44. notany more than為：不能，正如不能。
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.
45. By that as it may是Let it be that as it may的省略形式，是由be引起的另外一種假設結構，意思是雖然如此，盡管這樣。
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.
46. if at all是一個由if引起的主謂結構不完整的短句結為即將，即使等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.
47.由there引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復雜的句子結構.
There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.
48. range from to結構。這是一個常見結構，譯時很多情況下應變通處理，不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.
49. the way結構
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.
50.復雜賓補結構
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.
51.某些分隔結構
1)動詞短語相關部分被分隔(當make use of，take notice of，pay attention to，
等動詞短語變成被動語態(tài)時)。
Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.
2)雙重定語引起的分隔。
But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.
52. to be doingwhen是一個句型，多譯為某人正在做時，突然。在簡單的句子中容易看出，一旦句子變得復雜一些，可能就不太容易識別這種句型。
She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 oclock, when a very big, very tall man, accosted them and demanded their purses.
53. tooto句型
Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.
54. so much that句型
But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.
55. when引導狀語從句有時并不好譯，不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為當?shù)臅r候，它還有許多種譯法。
Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.
56. notbecause，有時可否定前面，有時可否定because本身，往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應根據(jù)上下文面判定。
In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.
57. sothat, suchthat是一個普通的句型，但在同一個句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見。
The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.
58. by doing結構。這個結構的意思是通過(做)，但翻譯實踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義，不少情況下需要靈活變通。
The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.
59.下面例句為一倒裝句，主語很長，而且又含有非常復雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語的倒裝，翻譯實踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。
No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.
60. whatof句型
I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.
61.英語的一個習慣用法是：當否定謂語think(believe)時，實際上是否定其后面的賓語從句。否定就落在賓語從句上。這樣賓語從句就變成了雙重否定，譯時可以按雙重否定譯，也可按肯定來譯。
It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.
62. to have not(as) to see中的不定式也有否定意味。
He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.
63. It occurred to sb. that意為突然想到，It dawned on sb.that.突然想起等。從句是想起的內容。
I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.
64. It follows that=It happens as a result常常被譯為由此可見，因此，從前，可以推斷等等。
It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.
65. thats all there is to it，意思是也不過如此而已。可根據(jù)上下文視情況處理。
If Im touched, Im touched-thats all there is to it.
66. The chances are that是一句型，譯為有可能。
The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.
67. Feel, see, leave引起賓語的賓語補足語，或在被動語態(tài)中引起主語補足語的某些慣用句型，有時see和feel這兩個詞的被動式不大好譯。遇到這種情況應挖掘其深層含義，不要拘泥于表面形式。
The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.
68.某此以no, nowhere, never, notbout, notany, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定詞語引出的一些結構。
I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.
69.某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示從兩種做法中選取一種更好的做法
Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.
70.某些省略情況，應清單確認省略的內容。
The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.
71.修飾成分(包括定語、定語從句、同位語從句等)多而長。
Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply.
72.一些外位語，所謂外位修飾，指從句子結構和內容上不起主要信息表達功能的部分。其作用是從語氣和連接上下文等方面進行補充。在翻譯成漢語時，往往可獨立成句，外形上不保留修飾的痕跡。
Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us being novices excepting Hastings; and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom the had not provided any dinner.
現(xiàn)階段考生應該做什么
一、收集做過的試題，把所有錯題抄在一個改題本上，用紅色筆寫上正確答案，并在錯題旁邊寫一、兩句說明錯題原因，讓自己加深印象，不再犯類似的錯誤。如還是沒有明白，要及時問老師。
二、要加強閱讀訓練和聽力訓練。你現(xiàn)在有時間，但是千萬別浪費，每天堅持閱讀，練聽力(有統(tǒng)一聽力訓練帶)。
三、要每天利用至少半個小時的時間，大聲的朗讀和背誦所學過的課文、對話、單詞，通過朗讀和背誦達到聽、說訓練。答題的時候有語感。以初中英語教材第三冊為重點。
四、可以做一些綜合練習來判斷哪方面還有漏洞。
備考策略
一、聽力
今年中考聽力題對考生要求高了，難度也加深了，同學們要充分運用手里發(fā)的聽力資料，反復聽，聽的過程中做做速記。捕捉的信息準確，才能答題正確。
二、單項選擇
屬于考查各項基礎知識的傳統(tǒng)題型，此題內容涉及語法、詞匯、慣用法、句型、口語功能等方面。此題靈活，覆蓋面廣，但多數(shù)題目源于課本或化于課本。答題時要注意：
1.題目有語境，吃透語境，把握題干的全部信息，并從詞法、語法、慣用法、詞的搭配等多方面考慮。
2.對話構成題干，更生活化，更靈活，要根據(jù)實際情況來斷定答案。
3.注意綜合性的知識，切記語不離句，句不離文，語法不離語境。用排除法選出答案。
三、句子翻譯
它要求考生有較精準的語言素養(yǎng)，考查考生對詞義的理解、詞匯的拼寫、詞性的選擇和運用，以及固定搭配、句子的'類型結構、句子的時態(tài)等方面的能力。
課文中出現(xiàn)的動詞、固定搭配詞組，要特別注意，因為這些內容掌握的好壞，是考生能否正確遣詞造句的關鍵，每學到一個動詞、固定搭配詞組，都要聯(lián)系簡單句的5個基本句型考慮組成句子。
四、完型填空
1.要通讀全文，掌握大意，這是非常必要的。
2.上下要連續(xù)，前后要貫通，連詞的使用為各行各句之間提供了緊密的因果、轉折、并列或者條件的內在邏輯關系，通過發(fā)現(xiàn)和識別連詞，可以從宏觀 的角度把握文章的大意，構建全文的內在邏輯結構，領會作者的思路，完形填空通過保留一定數(shù)理的詞語，使答題的人獲得必要的信息和知識。
3.要仔細推敲，復校全文。
4.要有比較扎實的語言基本功底，有比較嚴密的邏輯思維。接近中考了，要進行強化訓練，每天至少要做兩至三篇的強化訓練，要自己計時。
五、補全對話
補全對話是考查學生交際應用英語的能力。平時練習中要注意以下幾點：
1.避開族語。答題時，語言要得體，表達要地道。
2.應將一些常見情景下經(jīng)常運用的句型、詞組背熟，比如，問路、看病、邀請等常規(guī)用語。
3.語言實踐與思維訓練相結合。
語言是思維的體現(xiàn)，只有語言能以最快的速度表現(xiàn)思維的時候，人們才能流利地、有效地進行表達。答題時，依據(jù)語言環(huán)境補全對話。
六、閱讀理解
閱讀理解是中考試題中分值最高的題，在原來的選擇填空的基礎上，增加了根據(jù)短文內容回答問題這一新題型，進一步考查了考生的理解水平。考生知識積累的多寡，直接影響得分。
1.要有閱讀積累，每天閱讀23個小短文，每個小短文大概用四五分鐘。
2.閱讀的范圍要廣泛。
3.閱讀要提速。
4.重視整體理解能力。遇生詞不要查字典，通過上下文來理解。
七、句意填詞
1.通讀全句，聯(lián)系上下文，確定選詞。
2.要掌握初中英語教材1-3冊的四會的單詞拼寫。
八、改寫句子
1.弄清題意，明確題目考查點，了解題目所給句子與答句之間的關系。
2.注意從各方面考慮問題，突破難點，注意復查。
3.掌握教材中的基本句型和同一句子英語的不同結構表達技巧。
九、作文
1.認真審題：弄清楚該題目究竟要表達什么，吃透要求，選好人稱、有提示詞，不要漏掉提示詞語。
2.語言地道：盡量使用你初中讀本中學過的句子、常用的短語、習慣用法。表達要正確。
3.不要跑題：理解脈絡，抓住重點。
4.仔細檢查：注意時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱是否上下文一致，單詞是否有單復數(shù)的錯誤，拼寫的錯誤，字數(shù)是否達到要求等。
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