12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解真題及答案

時(shí)間：2024-12-17 14:40:10 文圣閱讀理解我要投稿

相關(guān)推薦

　　在學(xué)習(xí)和工作的日常里，我們需要用到考試真題的情況非常的多，考試真題有助于被考核者了解自己的真實(shí)水平。一份好的考試真題都具備什么特點(diǎn)呢？下面是小編精心整理的12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解真題及答案，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解真題及答案

　　12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解真題

　　Section B

　　Directions： In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it。 Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。 Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived。 You may choose a paragraph more than once。 Each paragraph is marked with a letter。 Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2。

　　Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too

　　[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.

　　[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.

　　[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.

　　[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.

　　[E]“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?

　　[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.

　　[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.

　　[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”

　　[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.

　　[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)

　　[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病學(xué)專家)at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”

　　[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.

　　[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.

　　[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.

　　36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.

　　37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.

　　38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.

　　39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.

　　40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.

　　41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.

　　42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.

　　43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.

　　44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.

　　45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.

　　參考答案：

　　36. 正確選項(xiàng) E

　　37. 正確選項(xiàng) L

　　38. 正確選項(xiàng) B

　　39. 正確選項(xiàng) H

　　40. 正確選項(xiàng) N

　　41. 正確選項(xiàng) J

　　42. 正確選項(xiàng) F

　　43. 正確選項(xiàng) C

　　44. 正確選項(xiàng) I

　　45. 正確選項(xiàng) G

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解真題訓(xùn)練

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand(簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě))educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.

　　But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.

　　The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt Universitys Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.

　　A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.

　　Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldnt be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the childs schooling. I lean toward the latter view.

　　This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.

　　The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干預(yù))works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.

　　For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.

　　51.What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education?

　　A.It should cater to the needs of individual children.

　　B.It is essential to a persons future academic success.

　　C.Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.

　　D.Parents regard it as the first phase of childrens development.

　　52.What does the new Peabody study find?

　　A.Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.

　　B.The third grade marks a new phase of learning.

　　C.The third grade is critical to childrens development.

　　D.Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.

　　53.When does the author think pre-K works the best?

　　A.When it is accessible to kids of all families.

　　B.When it is made part of kids education.

　　C.When it is no longer considered a luxury.

　　D.When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.

　　54.What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry?

　　A.She knows the real goal of education.

　　B.She is a mayor of insight and vision.

　　C.She has once run a pre-K program.

　　D.She is a firm supporter of pre-K.

　　55.What does the author think is critical to kids education?

　　A.Teaching method.

　　B.Kids interest.

　　C.Early intervention.

　　D.Parents involvement.

　　參考答案：

　　Passage Two

　　51. 正確選項(xiàng) C。Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.

　　52. 正確選項(xiàng)A。Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.

　　53. 正確選項(xiàng)B。When it is made part of kids’education.

　　54. 正確選項(xiàng)D。She is a firm supporter of pre-K

　　55. 正確選項(xiàng)C。Early intervention.

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解真題練習(xí)

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.

　　The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.

　　Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.

　　On the other hand, indicators of a person’s accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.

　　The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.

　　"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.

　　The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.

　　The tests are designed to detect subtle (細(xì)微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.

　　In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (認(rèn)知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.

　　The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(癡呆),according to the researchers.

　　“By following individuals over time,” Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.”

　　The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.

　　46.What is the common view of mental function?

　　A.It varies from person to person.

　　C.It gradually expands with age.

　　B.It weakens in one’s later years.

　　D.It indicates one’s health condition.

　　47.What does the new study find about mental functions?

　　A.Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.

　　B.They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.

　　C.They are closely related to physical and mental exercise.

　　D.Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.

　　48.What does Timothy Salthouse say about peoples minds in most cases?

　　A.They tend to decline in people’s later years.