英語專業八級美國文學簡史之美國自然主義
Chapter 4 American Naturalism
I.Background
1.Darwin‘s theory：“natural selection”
2.Spenser’s idea：“social Darwinism”
3.French Naturalism：Zora
II.Features
1.environment and heredity
2.scientific accuracy and a lot of details
3.general tone：hopelessness，despair，gloom，ugly side of the society
III.significance
It prepares the way for the writing of 1920s’
“lost generation” and T. S. Eliot.
IV.Theodore Dreiser
1.life
2.works
�。�1）Sister Carrie
�。�2）The trilogy：Financier，The Titan，The Stoic
�。�3）Jennie Gerhardt
（4）American Tragedy
（5）The Genius
3.point of view
�。�1）He embraced social Darwinism – survival of the fittest. He learned to regard man as merely an animal driven by greed and lust in a struggle for existence in which only the “fittest”，the most ruthless，survive.
�。�2）Life is predatory，a “game” of the lecherous and heartless，a jungle struggle in which man，being “a waif and an interloper in Nature”，a “wisp in the wind of social forces”，is a mere pawn in the general scheme of things，with no power whatever to assert his will.
�。�3）No one is ethically free; everything is determined by a complex of internal chemisms and by the forces of social pressure.
4.Sister Carrie
�。�1）Plot
�。�2）Analysis
5.Style
�。�1）Without good structure
（2）Deficient characterization
�。�3）Lack in imagination
（4）Journalistic method
�。�5）Techniques in painting
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