定語(yǔ)從句初中教學(xué)課件
定語(yǔ)從句初中教學(xué)課件
在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等 ，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成份。
1.由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中 ，who用作主語(yǔ),如 ： This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，whom用作賓語(yǔ)，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中 ，whose用作定語(yǔ),如 ： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，which用作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意 ：
(1)whom, which用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可放在 whom、which之前,也可放在從句原來(lái)的位置上;但在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。如： He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，必須用關(guān)系代詞which，不用that,如：I have lost
my bag, which I like very much.
(3)關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。
5.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，that可以指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ)，如：
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意在下面幾種情況下必須用 that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
(1)先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等,如 ：
All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾,如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)如
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí),為避免重復(fù),如 ： Who is the man that is giving us the
class?
6.由when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，如:
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意：先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物的，就用where引導(dǎo)。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
7. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的.關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,沒(méi)有這種從句,不影響主句意思的完整,一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi),關(guān)系代詞用 which,不用that;指人時(shí)可用who,如 ： I have two brothers, who are both students.
8.如何簡(jiǎn)化定語(yǔ)從句
(1).定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在離這兒很遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading. 這是一本值得看的書。
(2) 定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作前置或后置定語(yǔ)。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
站在樹(shù)下面的那個(gè)人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那房子在燃燒。
(3)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜歡看張藝謀導(dǎo)演的電影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校會(huì)上受表彰的那個(gè)女孩。
(4)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他總是第一個(gè)到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的報(bào)告對(duì)我們很重要。
(5)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為what 從句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
我記不得他說(shuō)的話。
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