【知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)】
一、重點詞匯與短語
1．只能接動名詞的動詞巧記:
英語中, 有一部分動詞的后面只能接名詞而不能接不定式. 如何記牢這些動詞是英語學(xué)習(xí)者十分苦腦的問題. 在此介紹一句話, 希望能幫助大家記住這些動詞.
Mrs P Black missed a beef bag.
布萊克夫人丟了一只牛肉袋.
這句話中每一個字母表示一個動詞或短語動詞:
M-mind (介意); R-risk (冒險); S-stop (停止,可接不定式); P-practise (練習(xí));
B-be busy in (忙于); L-look forward to (盼望); A-avoid (避免); C-consider (考慮);
K-keep (on) (堅持); M-miss (思念, 錯過); I-insist on (堅持); S-suggest (建議);
S-succeed in (成功); E-enjoy (愛好); D-delay (延緩); A-advise (提議);
B-be used to (習(xí)慣); E-escape (逃避); F-finish (完成); B-begin (開始, 也可接不定式);
A- admit (承認(rèn)); G-give up (放棄)
2．willing
（1）willing作形容詞, 表示 “愿意的, 心甘情愿的”, 經(jīng)常用于be willing to do或 “be willing +that-clause”句型中,
例如:
I am willing to help you.
我愿意幫助你
Are you willing that she should be admitted into our club?
你愿意她加入我們的俱樂部嗎?
（2）willing作形容詞, 還表示 “樂于……”, 常作定語. 例如:
The teacher offers us willing help on the difficult problems.
老師樂于幫助我們解難題
[注意]它的比較級, 最高級分別是和more willing 和most willing.
（3）同義詞: agreeable adj.使人愉快的
反義詞: unwilling adj.不愿意的, 勉強(qiáng)做的
二、詞義辨析
1．consider; regard的區(qū)別
（1）consider是動詞, 表示 “視為, 以為”. 是正式用語, 指經(jīng)過認(rèn)真考慮后的結(jié)論.
例如:
I consider him a fool.
我認(rèn)為他是個蠢材.
He considered the report to be false.
他認(rèn)為這份報告有誤.
（2）regard視為, 認(rèn)為. 與consider同義, 但較不正式。
例如:
She regards him a clever fellow.
她把他視為聰明人.
He is generally regarded as a wise man.
大家都認(rèn)為他是個聰明人.
2．deal with; deal in; do with的辨析
（1）deal in意為 “做買賣”, 但后接具體買賣的商品, 一般不用被動語態(tài).
例如:
She deals in men’s clothing.
她經(jīng)營男士服裝.
（2）deal with 和 do with都可作 “處理”解. deal with意為 “處理”, 其中deal是不及物動詞, 不能帶賓語., 當(dāng)加上with后, 就相當(dāng)于及物動詞, 可以帶賓語, 常和疑問詞how連用.
例如:
How can you deal with the problem?
這個問題你如何處理?
（3）do with意為 “采取……措施, 處理…..”, do為及物動詞, 要帶賓語, 常和疑問詞what連用.
例如:
What will you do with the serious problem?
你將如何處理這嚴(yán)重的問題?
三、重點句型
1．Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you may want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你感到有迫切的愿望去打好行李, 探索世界所能提供給你的事物, 你可能想考慮下列目的地中的一個
should you feel…相當(dāng)于If you should feel…. 在if條件句中常可使用情態(tài)動詞should, 表示我真實的但又無把握的條件, should可譯成 “要是; 萬一”. 這時還可省略if, 句子改用倒裝語序.
如:
If he should call, tell him I’ll ring back.
urge此處作名詞, 意為 “強(qiáng)烈的愿望; 沖動”, 后常接動詞不定式.
如:
I had a sudden urge to see her.
2．But there is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你以前從來沒有滑過雪也沒必要擔(dān)心.
there is no need to do sth. 或there is no need for sth. 是固定句式, 意為 “做某事沒有必要; 沒必要……”.
如:
There is no point in arguing further.
3．The injustices of the city and of the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation. 這座城市和整個南方所存在的這些不公正導(dǎo)致金博士組織非暴力的示威, 目的是結(jié)束隔離制度.
此處aimed at…是過去分詞短語作定語, 修飾demonstrations, 相當(dāng)于which were aimed a t…. aim at或be aimed at是固定短語, 意為 “目的是, 目的在于, 企圖”, 后接名詞或動名詞.
如:
We don’t know at whom her remarks were aimed.
四 語法復(fù)習(xí)
(一)非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞包括不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。它們均可作定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞還可作主語和賓語。它們的用法主要有以下幾點需注意
1．不定式的主動和被動
不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，該句主語又與不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動形式。
如：
The problem is difficult (for us) to solve.
I need a room to live in.
2．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別
從語態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示與名詞之間的主動關(guān)系；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系。如:the ruling class統(tǒng)治階級; the ruled class被統(tǒng)治階級。從時間關(guān)系上看，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞則表示動作已經(jīng)完成。:如: a developing country發(fā)展中國家:developed countries發(fā)達(dá)國家
3．現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行，而不定式表示動作尚未發(fā)生。如：the meeting being held正在進(jìn)行的會議; the meeting to be held tomorrow明天將舉行的會議
4．不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別
不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞都可跟在一個句子后面作結(jié)果狀語。它們的區(qū)別在于：不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示結(jié)果是出人意料的; 而現(xiàn)在分詞則表示順起其自然的結(jié)果。
如：
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
His parents died in an accident, leaving him an orphan.
（二） 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時, 它所表示的動作是正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生. 如果兩個動作有先有后, 一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語, 而要用定語從句.
例如:
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.
老師批評了打碎玻璃的那位同學(xué).
而不能說成:
The teacher criticized the student breaking the window.現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作定語時, 不僅存在前置與后置區(qū)別, 而且存在狀態(tài)，時間與形式上的差異. 具體用法如下:
（1）狀態(tài)差異：
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語明顯存在狀態(tài)差異。 一般來講， 前置的現(xiàn)在分詞靜感強(qiáng)，而后置現(xiàn)在分詞動感強(qiáng)。
例如：
The labouring people are the wisest.
勞動人民最聰明
The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes.
在這兒干活的農(nóng)民不怕蛇.
能前置的現(xiàn)在分詞為數(shù)不太多, 常見的大都是已被形容詞化了的現(xiàn)在分詞. 這一點主要表現(xiàn)在有些現(xiàn)在分詞前常有程度副詞. 有些甚至還有比較等級.
例如:
I have brought very exciting news to you.
我給你帶來了特別令人興奮的消息
This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.
這是我讀過的最令人興奮的故事
（2）時間差異
這里是指現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間差異. 有此現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時表示正在進(jìn)行的動作, 這些現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語從句宜用進(jìn)行時態(tài).
例如:
Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise? = Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise?
你告訴那些在那邊玩兒的孩子別吵鬧了嗎?
The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday. =The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.
正在訪華的美國總統(tǒng)將于周六回國
有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時則表示經(jīng)常性的動作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時)的狀態(tài). 此類現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語從句宜用一般時態(tài). 而不宜用進(jìn)行時態(tài). 若譯成漢語也應(yīng)注意體現(xiàn)這一點.
例如：
They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake. =They stayed at a hotel which stands by the lake.
他們住在臨湖的一家旅館.
（3）形式差異
從形式來看, 前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為單個分詞, 而后置現(xiàn)在分詞多為短語. 換句話說, 若用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語, 單個分詞要前置, 分詞短語要后置. 但也不是絕對如此, 要視情況而定. 要是強(qiáng)調(diào)動感即使是單個分詞也應(yīng)后置.
例如:
Look! The girl singing is Lily and the one dancing is Mary.
快看! 唱歌的女孩是莉莉, 跳舞的那個是瑪麗
需要注意的是, 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動式一般都不能用作前置定語, 只能作后置定語.
例如:
They must keep a secret of the things being discussed there.
他們必須為討論過的那件事保密
【考點透視 考例精析】
[考點] 過去分詞作狀語，表時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨情況等。過去分詞前面可用when，once，although等連詞。
[考例1] Sugar, when _______ with water, dissolves quickly.
A．mixed B．mixing C．mix D．s mixed
[點撥] 選A。mix 和sugar 是動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作狀語。
[考例2] It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by the boss.
A．questioning B． having questioned
C．questioned D．to be questioned
[點撥] 選 C。question和它的邏輯主語 “I”之間是動賓關(guān)系，這里用過去分詞作狀語。
[考點] one 用作代詞，代替表示單個的人或事物的名詞；替代復(fù)數(shù)形式用ones。
[考例3] Cars do cause us some health problems-in fact far more serious ______ than mobile phones do.
A． one B．ones C．it D．those
[點撥] 選B。ones 替代前面的problems。
[拓展] one用作代詞，代替可數(shù)名詞；that用作代詞，代替不可數(shù)名詞。
[考例4] I’m going to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city.
A．ones B．one C．that D．those
[點撥] 選C。that 替代上文中的air。因為air 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用one替代。
[考點] practical 用作形容詞, “實際的、實用的、可行的”的意思。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
一、根據(jù)所給首字母或括號中的漢語意思填寫句子空格中所缺的單詞。
1．Mother always ask me not to say any words to _______ (陌生人).
2．After a heated _______(討論), we made a final decision.
3．We have ______ (相似) tastes in music and sports.
4．How can you ______ (表達(dá)) your feeling when facing such an situation?
5．______ (誠實) is the best policy.
6．Insects which eat crops are p_____.
7．This coat m______ the dress very well.
8．They went out in s______ of the lost boy.
9．A c_______ change takes place in any substance when it burns.
10．This toy is not s_______ for a 3-year-old boy.
二、單項填空
1．What ______me most was that my parents were so ______with my school grades.
A．disappointed; disappointed B．disappointed; disappointing
C．disappointed; disappointing C．disappointing; disappointed
2．The sight of this note ______me that I had to go to the store after school.
A．explained B．suggested C．reminded D．reflected
3．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. [06 全國卷Ι]
A．in favour of B． in memory of
C．in honour of D．in search of
4．The famous actor keeps fit by ______for half an hour every morning
A．a(chǎn)cting out B．working out C．giving out D．bringing out
5． ______his arrival at the airport, the film star was recognized and soon surrounded by a group of film fans.
A．At B．Over C．On D．To
6．All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were ______. He died soon afterwards
A．in place B．in return C．in vain D． in order
7．It is not a serious illness. I guess she will ______soon.
A． remove B．recover C． replace D．reduce
8．There are ______that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past.
A． marks B．symbols C． signs D． signals
9．He said he was 30 years of age, but ______he was more than 40.
A．in fact B．a(chǎn)fter all C．a(chǎn)nyhow D．instead
10．We went to the movies first and had a bite in a French restaurant ______.
A．a(chǎn)fterwards B．therefore C．a(chǎn)nyway D．though
【能力拓展】
While many teenagers may dream of meeting with pop star Jay Chou（周杰倫）or NBA hero Yao Ming, Li Jing had a far more powerful person on her mind. The Senior 2 from Beijing No. 35 High School dreamt of meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin.
After more than a year of hard work and with a little good luck, Li fulfilled（實現(xiàn)）her dream. On October 11, 2004, the 16-year-old girl joined a team of Chinese Journalists who went to the Kremlin（克里姆林宮）, Moscow, to interview Putin.
Li felt nervous before talking with Putin. “But his greeting and warm smile put me at ease,” she said.
Li admires Putin very much, because of his strong will and style of leadership. “He looks very cool,” Li said. During her interview, Li asked Putin whether he plans to educate his two teenage daughters to be officials in the future. Putin smiled and answered he hopes they can do whatever job suits their interests and personalities.
Although Li would only have several minutes, she started working on her interview questions last August after applying for the opportunity. “Journalists” work is by no means easy. You need to do lots of homework on your interviewee,” she said. She read many books about Putin and Russia in her spare time.
Li’s parents encouraged her to be a student journalist. “We fully support her, as long as it does not affect studies,” said her father. Previous in her job for a student magazine, Chinese Young Journalists, she wrote a letter to President Hu Jintao during the SARS epidemic（流行疫情）.
Li has learnt a lot from her experience. She said learning to manage her time and develop the confidence to speak with important people were not things she could learn in class.
1．The underlined word “interview” in the fifth paragraph probably means __________.
A．the person who interviews
B．the person who is interviewed
C．the person who know how to interview
D．the person who plan to interview a famous people
2．Which of the following best describe Li Jing’s parents’ attitude towards her being a student journalist?
A．They think to a student journalist is purely a waste of time.
B． They worry that to be a student journalist will affect her studies
C．They consider it is quite good for Li Jing on the condition of not striking her study.
D．They neither support it nor object to it.
3．Li Jing is different from those students of her age in that __________.
A．she doesn’t like pop star Jay Chou
B．she hates meting with the NBA hero Yao Ming
C．she wants to meet neither Jay Chou nor Yao Ming
D．She dreams of meeting the president powerful Russian leader
4． Which of the following statements is Not true?
A． Li realized her dream not just because of her hard work
B．Li was at easy at the first sight of president Putin
C．Li considers Putin a great leader because of his strong will and style of leadership
D．Li thinks impossible to learn in class the confidence to speak with great people
參考答案
高二部分
Units 15-16 (B2)
基礎(chǔ)演練
一、1. strangers 2. discussion 3. similar 4. express 5. Honesty 6. pests 7. matches 8. search 9. chemical 10. suitable
二、1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
能力拓展
1-4 BCDB
1． B 通過上下文可知，對于journalists（記者）的采訪interviewee（對象），記者需要做很多的事情（You need to do lots of homework on your interviewee）。
2． C 從文章倒數(shù)第二段可以看出，父母對她的課外活動是很支持的，前提是不影響學(xué)習(xí)。
3． D 從第一段可知，其他同學(xué)都夢想與周杰倫、姚明等見面，而她則想采訪俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京。
4． B 從第三段可知，第一眼看到普京時，她還是有些緊張的。