Unit 4 Earthquakes

Part One : word

1. shake

【用法指南】

1) vt. 搖動，使搖動 2) vi （ 指人、嗓音）發抖，打顫

3） vt.使人心緒不寧

【典型例句】

The teacher shook the boy by the shoulders

the poor boy was shaking with cold

The house shook as the heavy truck went past

His lying shook my faith in him.

【拓展】

shake with… 因。。。而顫抖

shake hands with sb. 與某人握手

shake sb. by the hand ＝shake one’s hand

shake one’s head 搖頭表示不同意

nod one’s head 點頭表示同意

【過關練習1】

1)The frightened boy said to his mother in a ___ voice.

A. trembled B. shaken

C. trembling D. shook

2) He is shaking hands ____ my father.

A. to B. of C. with D. at

2．rise

【用法指南】

1）vi. (太陽，月亮等)升起；升高；上升；上漲；起床

2）n. 升起；升高

3) rise to one’s feet 站起來

4）give rise to 引起， 導致

5) give sb. a rise給某人漲工資

【典型例句】

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west .

The river is rising after the train.

Prices have risen steadily during the past decade

The rise in the house rent has added to our difficulties.

【類比延伸】

1） rise 為不及物動詞，作“上升”時指繼續上升，常用于日，月，云，煙、物價、溫度、河水、潮水及人的職位等。

raise 為及物動詞，意為“舉起、提出、飼養、種植”；用作“舉起”時，有使物體達到應有的高度的含義。

【過關練習2】

1) They ____ their glasses _____ the friendship between the two nations.

A. look; for B. raised; to C. raised; for D. life; to

用rise和raise的正確形式填空

2) He’s used to _____ early in the morning

3) His funny story ____ a lot of laughter.

4) Prices _____ surprisingly since last year.

5) The level of the water in the river ____ after the heavy rain.

3． smelly]

【用法指南】

1）adj. 發臭的，難聞的

2） smelly 是一個派生詞 即smell (n) +y(后綴)。類似的如：

blood--- bloody cloud--- cloudy

rain----- rainy wind---- windy

greed--- greedy sun ---sunny

fog --- foggy fat--- fatty mud--- muddy

【過關練習3】

用所給單詞的正確形式填空

1)．He had a ____( blood )nose.

2.) Today is a ____ (wind) day.

3. )He looked at the cake with ____ (greed )eyes

4) ____ (fog) weather is common here.

5) The roads are _____ (mud)

6) This is a _____ (sun) room.

4. ruin

【用法指南】

1） vt. 毀壞，毀滅，使毀壞

2） n. 毀滅，破產

3） in ruins 成為廢墟； 遭到嚴重破壞

【典型例句】

An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.

She poured water all over my painting , and ruined it.

This island has been ruined by tourism

I was ruined by that law case

【類比延伸】

1） ruin 一次性、徹底的毀壞（ 不含有某種摧毀性的力量進行破壞的意思）； 通常暗指無可挽回的傷害，但不一定指完全毀滅（含有在一定的過程種逐漸毀掉的意思）。此外，ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“壞了”

2） harm指對人或物的傷害或損壞，身體或心理上的傷害。

3） destroy強調以具有摧毀或殺傷性的力量把某物徹底毀掉； 有時用于比喻，意為“打破（希望， 計劃）， 使失敗

4） damage損失，損壞； 多用于無生命的東西，指“價值、用途降低或外表損壞等，不一定全部破壞，損壞了還可以修復； 這種是自然災害或人為過失造成的。

【過關練習4】

1). Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had ____ his leg.

A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck

2) the building is _____.

A. under ruin B. in ruins C. under ruins D. in ruin

用ruin, damage , harm, destroy的正確形式填空

3)．Getting up early won’t ___ you.

4.) The fire ____ most of the building

5. )The crops are all ___ by the continuous rain

6) A falling tree ____ the roof and we should repair it.

5． shock

【用法指南】

1）vt. 使。。。震驚； 使。。。激怒

2） n. 震動，震驚，電擊

【典型例句】

I was shocked when I heard about your accident

My father was shocked

The shock of the explosion was felt far away.

the two t rains met and the shock broke the windows

it was a great shock for him when his wife died.

An electric shock can kill you

【拓展】

1) in shock

2) get a shock from a wire

【過關練習5】

1) All of the people present felt _____ at the _____ news.

A. shocked; shocking B. shocking; shocked

C. shocking; shocking D. shocked ; shocked

2) Hw was shocked _____ his son playing all day.

A. knowing B. to know C. at know D. known.

用shock的正確形式填空

3) I felt the ______ as the aircraft hit the ground.

4) He was _____ to hear his child swearing.

5). The news of his mother’s death was a terrible ____ to him.

6. rescue

【用法指南】

1）n. 營救，救出

2）v. 營救，救出（常與 from連用）

【典型例句】

We rescued the boy who fell into the river.

However , rescue operations are proving difficult

【拓展】

1） rescuer n, 援救者，營救者

2） come to someone’s rescue 來/去援救某人

【過關練習6】

完成句子

1)． The soldier ____ a boy ____ drowning

這個戰士把溺水的男孩救了起來。

2) Researchers ______ in the mountains

搜救者救出了在山中迷失的人們

3) The ______ in a week.

營救隊一星期內進行了10次援救

4. ) They must come _____ our rescue.

A. to B. at C. of D. from.

7． honour

【用法指南】

1）n. 榮譽，名譽； 使人感倒光榮的人、事

2）vt. 尊敬； 給予榮譽

【典型例句】

It’s a great honour to have the President to visit our town.

They stood in silence as a mark of honour to her

She is an honour to her family.

Today the President is hounourin us with his presence.

I feel highly honoured by your trust

【拓展】

1） in honour of = show respect to…

2） show honour to sb.

3） a sense of honour to sb.

4） do honour to

5） on /Upon one’s honour

【過關練習7】

1. )It is _____ honour to her you speak so highly of me.

A. / B. at C. the D. a

2.) All of the village came out to receive me an ____ guest.

A. honour B. honouring C. honoured D. honours

3) I feel highly _____ the kind things you say about me.

A. honoured for B. honour for C. honoured by D. honour by

4) My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _____ it .

A. in favour of B. in memory of

C. in honour of D. in search of

Part two Phrase

1 a (great) number of

1)許多，大量的

2）后接可數名詞復數

3）謂語動詞用復數

【典型例句】

I have read a great number of books on this subject.

A great number of visitors come to China every year.

【類比延伸】

1) the number of ：是“。。。的數目“ 的意思，謂語動詞用單數

The number of private colleges has increased.

2) a number of 是“許多，大量“的意思。后接可數名詞，謂語動詞用復數。

A large number of students are going to visit the U.S. A.

【過關練習1】

1) The number of people invited ____ fifty , but a number of them _____ absent for different reason.

A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were

2) ____ of people came to the meeting from all over the country.

A. Many B. A number C. The number D. A plenty of

3) ____ of the students in our school has increased to 300

A. A great number B.A great many

C. Plenty of D. the number

2. give out

【用法指南】

1) 及物動詞用法，意為“分發，散發，發出（光、熱聲）

2) 不及物動詞用法，意為“用盡、耗盡”

【典型例句】

His money soon gave out

The teacher gave out the exam papers to the students

The flowers gave out a sweet perfume

The machine gives out flashes of light

【拓展】

give out 當“分發”講時與hand out同義

give off 也有“發光，煙、氣味”之意

【過關練習2】

1) the moon gives ____ no light of its own.

A. off B. of C. with D. at

2) After the long-distance race, the woman athlete’s legs almost ____ under her.

A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away

Part three: structure

1. Now imagine there has been a big earthquake.

【句型概況】

本句是一個祈使句，在動詞imagine 后使用一個 there be句型充當imagine的賓語。There be句型表示“某個事物”在“什么地方”，其結構為“There + be + 主語＋其他成分”. 謂語動詞按照救近一致原則。

【典型例句】

There is a desk and three chairs in the room.

There are three chairs and a desk in the room.

There is an old man living in the forest.

【拓展】

1） there be句型中 ，be 還可被live, stand, lie, exist

There stands a big tree on the top of the house.

There lies a large wheat field in front of the house..

2） there be句型中容易出錯的地方

There has a baby over there. (錯)

there is a baby is crying over there. （錯）

【過關練習1】

1) there _____ a film in the hall this afternoon.

A. is going to have B. will have

C. will to be D. is going to be

2) There used to be a high tower here, ______?

A. wasn’t there B. wasn’t there C. usedn’t there D. used there

3) – there isn’t any milk left

-- oh, _____ ? I’ll get some in town. I’m going there later on

A. isn’t it B. isn’t there C. is there D. is it

4) --- You’ve booked on a four o’clock flight.

--- What chance ____ of taking an earlier plane?

A. there is B. is it C. there it is D. is there

5) Brain told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time , ____ ?

A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t he D. did he

2．Mice ran out of the field looking for places to hide.

【句型概況】

looking for places to hide 為現在分詞短語，在句中作伴隨狀語，表示一個與謂語動詞ran同時發生的動作，其邏輯主語為句子的主語，二者之間構成主謂關系。

【典型例句】

He sat by the desk, doing his homework.

He put a finger in his mouth , tasted it and smiled, looking pleased.

One woman was lying in bed , awake, listening to the rushing winds.

【拓展】

現在分詞（短語）作時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時，多位于句首；作結果、方式或伴隨狀語時， 通常位于句末。

(While) Working in the desk, doing his homework.(時間狀語)

Being too old, he couldn’t walk that far. （原因狀語)）

standing on the building, you can see the whole city. (條件狀語)

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.（讓步狀語)

He dropped the glass, breaking in into pieces. （結果狀語)

They started his breath using a mouth-to-mouth way.（方式結果）

【過關練習2】

1) “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ____ out of the window.

A. looking B. to look C. looked D. Having looked

2) the visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added

3) My cousin came to see me from the country, ____ me a full basket of fresh fruits.

A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought

4) “ Can’t you read?” Mary said ___ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing

5) she set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.

A. arriving B. to arrive having arrived D. and arrived

3． All hope was not lost.

【句型概況】

該句為部分否定。 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every+名詞”都表示全部肯定； no one, none, nobody, nothing, not … any, 以及no+名詞”都表示全部否定； 但當not出現在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中， 不管 not在它們之前或之后都表示部分否定。

【典型例句】

Both of them haven’t read this story.

All of the boy are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.

All bamboo grows tall, but some doesn’t.

【拓展】

1) any所修飾的名詞或由any構成的復合不定代詞作主語時， 謂語動詞不能用否定時式。即只能說not… any,不能說any … not

2) 總括性副詞如everywhere , always , altogether(全然地), wholly（全部地）和not連用時,也表示部分否定。

Such a thing can’t be found everywhere.

【過關練習3】

1. we couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ____ of us had _____ money.

A. all; not B. any; no C. none; any D. no one ; any

2) I agree with most of what you said , but I don’t agree with ______.

A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing

3) _____ seen the film, so everyone wants to see it.

A. All the students haven’t B. Any students haven’t

C. As nobody has D. None of us has