（一）、非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣用于if引導的非真實條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞有三種形式：
條件狀語從句 主 句
與過去事實相反 had + 過去分詞 should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞
與現(xiàn)在事實相反 一般過去時(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動詞原形
與將來事實相反 一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形 Would/should/cold/might + 動詞原形
（1）表示與過去的事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞”。如：
①If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
②If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.
③If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come.
（2）表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式（be動詞的過去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語動詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動詞原形”。如：
①If I were a boy, I would join the army.
②If he had time, he would come to help you.
③If she had money ,she might lend you some .
（3）表示與將來事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should（were to）+ 動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/could might + 動詞原形。如；
①If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
注意：
（1）有時可把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省略,而將“were、 had、 should 等動詞提到主語前面。如：
①Should it snow tomorrow ,we could have a snowball fight .
②Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
③Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
（2）當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應調(diào)整。如：
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.（從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在）
If I were you ,I would have taken his advice .
（從句表示現(xiàn)在時間，主句表示過去時間）
（3）從句中的be動詞 用were
與過去事實相反：
公式： If 從句 ： had done
主句：would (should, might, could ) + have done
1．If I ____ her telephone number, I ______ her.
A. had, would have called B. had had, would have called
2．.If you___ him yesterday, he ____ some suggestions.
A. had told, would have given B. tell, had given C. told, would have given
3． The soldiers ____________ (fight) better,
if they ______________ (give)clear orders.
4.If he had not lost the money, he ____________ (buy) the piano last week.
與現(xiàn)在事實相反：
結(jié)構(gòu)： ( if ) 從句 ：過去時 (did ) 或 (were)
主句：would (could, might, should ) + do
1．If I ____ a bird, I ____ very happy.
A. were, would be B. were ,shall be C.am , would be
2．If my father ____here now,he ______ tell me what to do
A. were ,will B. were, would C. is ,would
3．If I ____ a car, I ____ be very happy.
A. have , shall B. had, should C. Had had, shall
與將來事實相反：
公式： 從句： did / were to do / should do
主句： would (should, might, could ) + do
1．It is quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it _____, I would still go to the cinema.
A. should rain B. would rain C. had rained.
2． If he ________________ ( fail ), he would never touch the book.
3． If I ________ ( enter ) the college next year, I_____ (be) happy.
混合虛擬語氣：
1．If I ____ the chance ten years ago, I would be a manager now.
A. had not lost B.did not lose C. Will not lose
2． If it _____________ ( rain) last night（過去）,It ________________ (be )very cold today（現(xiàn)在）．
3. If I ________________ (take) your advice（過去），I should have no trouble with the work now（現(xiàn)在）．
二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
1.wish后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反的愿望。其表達形式一般是將從句的謂語動詞退后一個時態(tài)。例如: 1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反 : wish + (that)+did(were)
I wish I were as healthy as you.
I wish that I had a plane.
2)與過去事實相反 : wish + (that)+had done
I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish you had written to him.
3)與將來事實相反 : wish + would/could/might+do
I wish he would forgive me
2. 在某些動詞后的賓語從句中需用should+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式。“should”可以省略。常見的動詞有:一個堅持insist; 兩個命令order, command ; 三條建議suggest , advise, propose;四項要求demand, request, require, ask; 另外有:prefer
注意: suggest表 暗示表明 時 insist表堅持認為時不用虛擬語氣
He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.
The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once
三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1. It be+過去分詞+that…+(should)+動詞原形+…
過去分詞：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed…
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
It’s suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.
2. It be+形容詞+that…+(should)+動詞原形+…
形容詞:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,proper, funny, strange, surprising…
It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.
It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient
3. It be+名詞（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that…+ (should)+動詞原形+…
It was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc.）that you should be so careless.
四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,decision等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。
1)表語從句:
My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once
2)同位語從句:
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week
五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
1．用在由as if,as though引導的狀語從句中，表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的懷疑，用過去時；表示過去想象中的動作或情況，用過去完成時;表示將來用would + 動詞原形。
It seems as if the man were his brother.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
2．由連接詞in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的狀語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬形式，即should(might, would)+動詞原形，例如：
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那個嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
六、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣
1. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一種過去未實現(xiàn)的愿望或令人失望的事。
I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
she liked to stay in China.
2. would rather.
would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的從句中要求用過去式表示當時或?qū)淼那闆r，用過去完成時表示過去的情況，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責備。
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那兒可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
3.It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語氣形式，即動詞要用過去式。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.現(xiàn)在是我們該結(jié)束講座的時候了
4.虛擬語氣在由某些連詞或個詞引出的表示條件、目的的狀語從旬中的使用。常見的這些連詞和介詞有：
1) unless (除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由這些詞、詞組引出的從句，動詞多用過去時。
He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to. 除非你命令他做，要不他是不會做的。
Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go? 假若你有機會出國，你會去哪兒呢？
5. so that (以便 )，for fear that(以免, 唯恐)，in order that (以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，in case (假使)，從句中加情態(tài)動詞，有時should可省略。
He hid it lest she (should) see it. 他把它藏起來以免她看見。
I'll get some beer in case John should come. 我得準備點啤酒，說不定約翰會來。
He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate．他輕輕地進屋，以免吵醒他的同房。
6. if only；only if
如果表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望，句中的謂語動詞常用過去式；
如果表示將來的愿望，句中的謂語動詞常用would/could+動詞原形；
如果表示對過去的愿望，句中的謂語動詞常用had+過去分詞。
if only I were you!
If only you had come yesterday!
If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!
If only I had said more about it!
only if表示"只有"；if only則表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陳述語氣。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 當時鬧鐘響了，就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早點回來。
7。 if it were not for…與現(xiàn)在事實相反， if it had not been for與過去事實相反，兩個都相當于but for：
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
Ⅰ鞏固練習：
1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.
A. Hadn’t, left B. Had not, left C. If, didn’t leave D. Didn’t, leave
4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.
A. may get B. might get C.might have got D. maybe get
5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______a sudden loud noise.
A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
12. If only I ________ driving before.
A. had learned B. learned C. learn D. would learn
13. I wish I ___________ with her.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his
17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
22. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her.
A. take B. must take C. takes D. took
23. It is time that the government __________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
28. It’s high time they____________ this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
30. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ by 20 percent.
A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise
31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
34. It was essential that we _______ before the end of the month.
A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing
35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.
A. should send to B. should be sent C. be sent to D. must be sent
36. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.
A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent
37. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill; wouldn' t be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been
C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be
38.. If you had enough money, what ________?
A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought
39. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.
A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do
40. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.
A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it
C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be
41. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.
A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make
C. Were you lo take; shouldn’ t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made
42. If he_____ , he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
43. I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
44. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.
A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known
45. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.
A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up
C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up
II. Translation
1. 如果你聽了醫(yī)生的話，你早就恢復健康了。
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2．如果沒有虛擬語氣，英語就容易多了。
3．如果她更加努力的話，她就成功了。
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4．萬一他不來，你就代替他。
5． 如果我是你，我就不回這個電話。
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6． 如果我的女兒不忙的話， 她就會來幫助你。
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高考鏈接：
1. --- If he _____, he _____ that food.
--- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (93 N)
A. was warned … would not take B. had been warned … would not have taken
C. would be warned … had not taken D. would have been warned … had not taken
2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother. (94 N)
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____. (95 N)
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
4. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired. (96 N)
A. drove … didn’t get B. drove … wouldn’t get
C. were driving … wouldn’t get D. had driven … wouldn’t have got
5. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____something she would regret later. (96上海)
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
6. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored (01上海春季)
7. What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? (01 上海)
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (02 上海)
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
9. _____ be sent to work there? (02 上海)
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
10. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海春季)
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
11. --- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?
--- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. (05江蘇卷)
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
12.If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite ber to the party.（06福建）
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not
13. __________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
Keys
I.1 ABABC DDBCA 11.BADAC AADDB 21 CDBCC ACBBA 31.CCBAC BACBC 41.ABDBD
II.1. If you had listened to the doctor, you would have already recovered.
2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.
3. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
4. Should he not come, you would take his place.
5. If I were you, I wouldn't return the call.
6. Were my daughter not so busy, she would come to help you. 高考鏈接：1.BDCDD DCBAB 11.BCB