教學(xué)目標(biāo)
Teaching aims and demands
本單元的對(duì)話(huà)課的學(xué)習(xí)與操練，學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)表示焦慮的日常用語(yǔ)和應(yīng)答，學(xué)生能準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用到實(shí)際的對(duì)話(huà)過(guò)程中，了解颶風(fēng)造成的巨大危害，學(xué)生能用自己組織的語(yǔ)言，介紹颶風(fēng)在英國(guó)所造成的破壞，并能對(duì)災(zāi)情能有較為詳盡的描述，學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法并能掌握。
Teaching important and difficult points
1．單詞
midnight n., hurricane n., anxious adj., expect vt., warn vt., warning n. likely adj., painful adj. path n., block vt., branch n., bath n., awake adj., cottage n. ,blanket n., altogether adv., surprisingly adv., weatherman n.
2. 詞組
be anxious about, pushover, bring down, take the place of, clear away, or so, as well as, blow down =blow over, cut off, wake up
3. 交際用語(yǔ)與句型
We were getting very worried.
We are anxious about"-
What's the matter with you ?
Is there anything the matter ?
There is no need to be worried.
4．語(yǔ)法
掌握過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。
教學(xué)建議
課文建議
對(duì)話(huà)建議
1.建議教師運(yùn)用對(duì)話(huà)中的幾個(gè)句型編寫(xiě)一個(gè)小對(duì)話(huà)；2.教師在聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)程中可借助多媒體形式給學(xué)生展示，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生視覺(jué)和聽(tīng)覺(jué)的能力；3.教師可讓學(xué)生把課文改成復(fù)述的形式；4.教師利用完形填空形式來(lái)檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)中的詞語(yǔ)理解。
課文分析
本課用兩篇文章介紹了在1987年英國(guó)發(fā)生的颶風(fēng)給人們的生活帶來(lái)了巨大的損失和災(zāi)難，在第一篇課文中描述了19人喪生，1500萬(wàn)樹(shù)木和森林被刮倒，電線(xiàn)和電話(huà)線(xiàn)被刮斷。第二篇課文介紹了許多公司中損失了大量的樹(shù)木，其中著名的公園國(guó)立植物園損失了一千多棵樹(shù)木，其中有些貴重樹(shù)種等。
課文重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)
辨析 hurt, ache, pain與painful
1）hurt:（使）疼痛。
My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples. 我的肚子痛，因?yàn)槲页粤颂嗟奶O(píng)果。
2）ache隱隱作痛；持續(xù)作痛。
The strong light made my eyes ache. 強(qiáng)烈的光線(xiàn)使我的眼睛感到疼痛。
ache還可用作名詞表示“疼痛”， ache還可以構(gòu)成合成名詞：
headache 頭痛 backache 腰痛 stomachache 肚子痛
earache耳朵痛 toothache 牙痛 heartache 心痛
3）pain用作名詞，痛苦，痛
She had a pain in her back all the time. 她的背部一直都痛。
4）painful用作形容詞, 痛的；使痛苦的，會(huì)痛的
Is your tooth still painful? 你的牙齒還痛嗎？
辨析expect, hope與wish
1). expect的用法
expect vt. 表示“預(yù)料，期待，盼望，指望，料想，以為”等意思，在expect之后，通常除了接不定式，帶不定式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)外，還可以接名詞、代詞以及賓語(yǔ)從句。
I hardly expected to find you still here. 我?guī)缀鯖](méi)料想到仍會(huì)在這兒找到你。
Do you expect me to stay after that?在那之后你希望我呆下去嗎？
I didn’t expect that you would finish the work so soon. 我沒(méi)料想到你會(huì)這樣快地完成這項(xiàng)工作。
2）hope希望，用于可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的場(chǎng)合，一般只接不定式或從句作賓語(yǔ)。
I hope to see you soon. 我希望盡快見(jiàn)到你。
3）wish愿，希望，多用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，常接雙賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。
I wish you success.或I hope that you will succeed.
辨析rob和steal
rob是“搶”的意思，應(yīng)說(shuō)rob sb. of sth.
They robbed us of all our money.他們搶走了我們所有的錢(qián)。
steal是“偷”的意思，應(yīng)說(shuō)steal sth. from sb.
They stole all our money from us. 他們偷走了我們所有錢(qián)。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
1. strike的用法
1）表示“打，擊，敲（某人或某物）”。
The stone struck me on the side of the head. 石子打中我頭部的側(cè)面。
2）表示“通過(guò)摩擦產(chǎn)生（亮光，火花等）”。
He struck a match and lighted a candle.他劃了根火柴，點(diǎn)亮了蠟燭。
表示“打動(dòng)，影響，引起”的意思。
His words struck fear in the listeners.他的話(huà)在聽(tīng)眾中引起驚恐。
3）表示“罷工”的意思。
They struck for better working conditions.他們?yōu)闋?zhēng)取改善工作條件而罷工。
4）表示“迷住，吸住”的意思。
I was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.我被西湖的美景給迷住了。
2.escape的用法
1）用作動(dòng)詞，表示“（從監(jiān)禁、管制中）逃脫，逃走”
A lion escaped from its cage.一頭獅子從籠中逃走了。
2）escape表示“（液體、氣體）匯漏，滲出”
Make a hole to let the water escape.弄個(gè)洞讓水排出去。
3）表示“避免，躲避（愉快的事）免除”的意思
Where can we go to escape the crowds?我們到哪里才可以躲開(kāi)這些人群。
4）其名詞形式仍為escape
Do you smell an escape of gas from the pipe?你聞到從管子里漏出的煤氣味了嗎？
3．be / get anxious about的用法
意為“為……擔(dān)憂(yōu)慮或擔(dān)心”。
They are anxious about your health. 他們?cè)跒槟愕慕】祿?dān)心。
而be anxious to do something意為“渴望或急切地去干某事”。
They are anxious to fly back.他們急切地想飛回來(lái)。
4．bring down的用法
意為“使倒下（下降）”；“擊落，推翻”。
The wind brought down a number of trees.風(fēng)刮倒了好些棵樹(shù)。
They could do nothing to bring down prices.他們?cè)O(shè)法使物價(jià)下降。
Two more enemy planes were brought down. 又有兩架敵機(jī)被擊落。
5．take the place of的用法
意為“代替”，“取代”。
Nothing can take the place of the pleasant time.什么東西也不能夠替代那失去的好時(shí)光。
【注意】take sb’s place 也可以用來(lái)表示“代替某人”。
He can take your teacher’s place. 他可以替代你老師的位置。
Lesson42
1. Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines. 1,500萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)被狂風(fēng)刮倒，把大小道路和鐵路都堵塞了。
分析：1)本句中用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（been blown down）。過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一種與過(guò)去時(shí)相比較而存在的時(shí)態(tài)，用以表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。本句的過(guò)去完成時(shí)是和上句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞woke up and found （過(guò)去時(shí)）相比較而存在的，表示“（過(guò)去）醒來(lái)之前，樹(shù)就已經(jīng)被刮倒了”的意思。
2)注意：用來(lái)修飾wind的一些形容詞，如a high wind(強(qiáng)風(fēng)),也可以說(shuō)a strong wind。又如：an adverse/a contrary/head wind 逆風(fēng)；a fair wind 順風(fēng)；a light/soft wind 微風(fēng)；a cold/an icy/piercing wind 寒風(fēng)。
3）blocking roads, paths and railway lines是-ing，用作狀語(yǔ)，表示如結(jié)果。
The fire lasted for three hours, killing 15 workers in all. 大火持續(xù)了三個(gè)小時(shí)，總共死亡15名工人。
2. One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. (==..., she was awake and listened to the rushing winds.) 有位婦女醒著躺在床上，靜聽(tīng)那疾馳而過(guò)的大風(fēng)。
分析：awake在句中是形容詞，作“醒著”解，它的反義詞是asleep(睡著)。它們?cè)诰渲杏米鞅碚Z(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)，如不說(shuō)an awake woman，但可以說(shuō)a wakeful woman。
-Is she awake or asleep? 她是醒著還是睡著了？
-She is awake. 她醒了。
但是，在本句中的形容詞awake是狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于being awake,表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught. 小偷躲在角落里，擔(dān)心被人捉住。
listening to the rushing winds 是-ing短語(yǔ)，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
He lay on the grass, looking at the stars in the sky. 他躺在草地上，望著天上的星星。
3. The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths. 召來(lái)部隊(duì)把倒下來(lái)的樹(shù)鋸斷，并幫忙清理大小道路。
分析：1）call in 在句中作“請(qǐng)來(lái)”、“找來(lái)”、“召來(lái)”解。有“請(qǐng)人來(lái)作某種專(zhuān)業(yè)的咨詢(xún)或幫忙”的意思。
I think we ought to call in a specialist at this point. 我想在這個(gè)時(shí)候應(yīng)當(dāng)請(qǐng)專(zhuān)家來(lái)看看。
2）短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞cut through作“剪斷”、“切斷”解。
The tailor cut through the cloth by mistake. 裁縫誤把這塊布剪斷了。
3）fallen trees倒下來(lái)的樹(shù)。fallen是fall的過(guò)去分詞，用作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞trees。
注意：過(guò)去分詞有“被動(dòng)”或“完成”的概念；單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在所修飾的名詞前面。
damaged houses被破壞的房屋。 injured people受傷的人；
注意：fallen trees與falling trees的區(qū)別：
前者是“已經(jīng)倒下來(lái)的樹(shù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成；后者是“正在倒下來(lái)的樹(shù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行。
Lesson 43
1. But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before. 但是要過(guò)100多年以后，這個(gè)國(guó)家才能恢復(fù)到以前的樣子。
分析：1)這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是it will be more than 100 years, 其中it指代“時(shí)間”。before the country ... to look ...是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)before是連詞。as it did before是一個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，其中as是連詞，作“同……一樣”解。這個(gè)it指代the country，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞did代替looked，以避免重復(fù)，這個(gè)從句中的before是副詞，作“以前”解。
2)before 作連詞用時(shí)，多譯作“在……之前”。
Please remove your shoes before you enter the laboratory.進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)之前請(qǐng)先脫鞋。
before可譯作“……（之后）才”。
He finished writing his composition before he went to play football. 他寫(xiě)完了作文才去踢足球。
3)once again/more作“再一次”、“重新”解。
Try it once again. 再試一次。
2. Surprisingly, the weather report on the evening before the storm said there would be strong winds, but not a hurricane. 令人驚奇的是，風(fēng)暴發(fā)生之前的那個(gè)晚上，天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)，將有強(qiáng)風(fēng)，而沒(méi)有颶風(fēng)。
分析：1)這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是the weather report ... said ..., 后跟賓語(yǔ)從句there would be strong winds …。but not a hurricane 是but there would not be a hurricane 的省略。
2)表示“在晚上”用in the evening。表示在某個(gè)特定的晚上時(shí)，要用介詞on，如:
on Monday evening（在星期一的晚上），on the evening of December 12 （在12月12日的晚上），on the evening before the storm (在風(fēng)暴發(fā)生前一天的那個(gè)晚上)。
過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法
過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法，它主要用在“主語(yǔ)+have / get / find/ …+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的句型中。現(xiàn)在分別說(shuō)明三種不同的含義。
1． have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)
其中的done就是代表作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞，而have是使役動(dòng)詞，它在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中不作“有”解，而作“請(qǐng)”、“派”、“使令”解。
1）表示“請(qǐng)/讓/叫（別人為自己做某事）”的意思
I had my tap repaired. 我請(qǐng)人修好了水龍頭。
2）表示“遭遇某種（不幸的）事情”，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一種無(wú)意識(shí)的受動(dòng)行為，并不說(shuō)明“誰(shuí)使（賓語(yǔ)）遭遇某事”。
She had her house damaged in the storm. 她的房屋在風(fēng)暴中遭到了破壞。
3）表示“使完成某事”的意思，此事可以是別人完成的，也可以是自己參與完成的。
She told me she had had her house repaired. 她告訴我，她的房屋修好了。（“她”可能參加了修建工作，也可能沒(méi)參加。）
注意：不要把have sth. done同have done sth. 混淆起來(lái)。后者現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，have 是助動(dòng)詞，本身無(wú)詞義；而前者中的have是使役動(dòng)詞，本身有詞義。試比較：
He had his watch repaired. 他請(qǐng)人把手表修好了。（別人修）
Ha has repaired his watch. 他已經(jīng)修好了手表。（自己修）
下面一些例句，可讓學(xué)生領(lǐng)會(huì)have sth. done的含義：
a. She's so ill. You ought to have her examined.
b. Her father had a new house built.
c. When did you have the rooms painted?
d. He had his face and hands burned in the fire.
e. The king had his head cut off.
f. I thought you had had everything well prepared.
2．get sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)
get在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也是使役動(dòng)詞，也作“請(qǐng)”“派”“使令”
We got our water heater repaired last week. 上周我們（請(qǐng)人）把熱水器修理了一下。
3．find sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)
它的意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)某物已經(jīng)……”或“發(fā)現(xiàn)某物被……”，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞（done）表明賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的情況，含有“完成”或“被動(dòng)”的意思。
I found all the windows broken. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)窗戶(hù)都（被打）破了。
練習(xí)：
1.he was disappointed to find his suggestions________.
A. been turned down B. turned down
C. to be turned down D. to turn down
2.---Good morning. Can I help you?
---I’d like to have this package ______, Madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
3.The murderer was brought in with his hands ______behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
4.It is wise to have some money ______for old age.
A. put away B. keep up
C. given away D. laid up
Answers: BDDALesson 41教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Teaching Aims
Practise the dialogue and study the language points.
StepⅠRevision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Revise expressions about the weather. Ask the students for as many expressions as possible,
For example: It's windy. It is cloudy. It is terribly cold. It is minus 10 degrees.
StepⅡWarming--up
Look at Page 61. Talk about the picture.
What is happening? What are they talking about? And who are they?
Step Ⅲ Listening
1. Listen to the tape and repeat the dialogue.
2. Practise the dialogue by asking four students come to the front of the classroom. One is mother, one is father, one is Jane and the one is Pippa.
3.Fill in the blanks
One day Jane and Pippa were enjoying themselves walking in the hills. They couldn't ______across a river because the bridge had been ______away by the floods. ______they had to find another way_____. When they were to climb over some rocks, it suddenly started to ______and the wind _____80 hard. Luckily, they could see______ they were going. It took them along time to climb _____ the rocks. Then they across some very wet ground, and got ______ , with their clothes wet and ___. Their parents had been waiting for them. They wondered what was to their daughters. When they heard a_____ on the radio that a hurricane was ______to come, they were feeling very ______. Fortunately, the two girls managed to get home and their ______ finally felt relaxed (放松的) .
Answers
go / get washed So back rain blew where over walked home dirty happening warning likely worried parents
Step Ⅳ Reading
Let the students read the dialogue quickly and try to know the general idea by answering questions.
1. Why were Jane and Pipa late?
2. Why were Jane and Pipa’s parents wearied?
Answers:1.Because the bridge had been washed away by the floods.
2.Because it was late, and a hurricane was likely to come.
Step Ⅴ Language Points
1. There you are! 你才回來(lái)！
2. There is (no) need to do…（沒(méi)）有必要做。例如：
There is (no) need for sth （沒(méi)）有必要做
3. (1) be (get) anxious about… 為……擔(dān)憂(yōu)
(2) be (get) anxious to do sth. 著急要去干……
4. be likely to do… 有可能做……
Step Ⅵ Practice
Page 61, Part 2. Let students match the phrases on the left with the replies on tine right. Do the first one with the whole class, then let the students work through the exercises in pairs. Check the answers with the class.
A: What's the matter?
B: My foot is a bit painful.
A: Is there anything the matter?
B: Yes, there has been an accident.
A: What's wrong ?
B: Nothing. We are fine.
A: We are all anxious about you.
B: There is no need to be worried.
A: We were getting worried about you.
B: I didn't know I was going to be late.
Step Ⅶ Workbook
1. Look at Page 123. Do Ex 1. Let the students read the dialogue again and then ask the students to discuss the answers in pails. Check the answers with the whole class.
2. As for Ex 2, let the students work in pairs first, then check the answers.
3. Before doing Ex 3, revise the words in the box. Do the exercise orally in class. The six sentences can be translated into Chinese if possible.
Step Ⅷ Homework
Prepare lesson 42
Lesson 42教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Teaching Aims
1. Let students know what hurricane is and what to do when hurricane comes.
2. The students are required to answer the questions raised by the teacher and in the passage.
StepⅠRevision
1. Check the homework exercises.
3. Revise the dialogue in Lesson 41 by asking questions and telling the story of Jane and Pippa.
Step ⅡWarming--up
1. Talk about weather.
1) what’s the weather like in your hometown ?
2) Have you experienced a hurricane ?
3) How long did it last?
4) What are the results ?
2. Talk about the picture on Page 62.
StepⅢ Listening
Listen to the tape and answer some questions.
1. What happened in a hurricane?
2. Why are hurricanes dangerous ?
3. Why did the hurricane cause so much damage?
4. Who helped to get things back to after the hurricane ?
5. Which parts of China have hurricanes?
Keys:1.When a hurricane comes, the heavy rain and strong winds make the trees down and house destroyed.
2.Because hurricanes can destroy trees, houses and make people lose their lives.
3.Because it had been raining heavily, the ground was wet and the trees were easily pushed over by the wind.
4.The army, the electricity workers and the telephone workers helped to get things back to after the hurricane.
5.Usually there are hurricanes in the southeast of China.
Step Ⅳ Reading
Read the text and try to know the general idea, and then tell the true or false sentences.
1. On Friday 16th Oct. 1987, a hurricane struck the southeast of England.
2. In the hurricane, ninety people lost their lives.
3. England usually has plenty of rain every month of the year.
4. In the morning people woke up and found the outside world hardly changed.
5. Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.
6. It took months to clear all the roads and to mend all the broken electricity lines and telephone lines by the army.
Answers: T F T F T F
Step 5 Watch video and then do exercise I on page 124
Step Ⅴ Practice
Read the text quickly and then do the written exercise by filling in the blanks .
In 1987, a hurricane 1 the southeast of England. Nineteen people lost their 2 . If the hurricane 3 happened during the day - time, there 4 have been many more death. That night was the worst one 5 history.
In the morning people found the world outside their houses completely __6 . Fifteen million trees had been 7 down by the high winds. Electricity lines as 8 as telephone poles were brought down. Many towns and villages had their water supply 9 off because there was 10 electricity. Many people had to use 11 .
It took 12 to clear all the roads and mend all the broken electricity lines and telephone lines. The army was called _ 13 __ to cut through fallen trees and to help to __ 14__ the roads and paths. They worked for long hours for several weeks before everything returned to 15 .
[Answers:]1. hit/ struck 2. lives 3. had 4.would 5. in 6. changed 7. blown 8. well 9. cut 10. no 11. lamps 12. weeks 13. in 14. clear 15.
Step Ⅵ Language points
1.up to 2.as well as
3.If +主語(yǔ)+had done, 主語(yǔ)+should/ would/could/ might + have done.
4．call in call at call…back call for
put down bring down blow down cut down
1. Last year I went to Guiyang on business, but I had no time to ______ the place where she was working.
2. Mr Zhang told the meeting that we were facing some new problems that ______immediate solution (解決) .
3. This morning Zhou Yan called me when I was away, but I still haven't got time to ______ her____.
4. Kate is so ill that we cannot move her. Please ______ a doctor quickly.
5. Whenever and wherever floods or earthquakes happen, the PLA soldiers are ______ to help rescue the people.
6. The company manager told her to ______ all the customers’ names and addresses in order to keep in touch with them.
7. It was really a hand job to rebuild the houses ______in the hurricane.
8. The electricity lines that were _______ in the earthquake were very dangerous to the people and animals.
9. The farmers must be told to stop the young trees for firewood.
Answers: 1. call at 2. called for 3. call…back 4. call in 5. called in 4. put down 7. blown down 8. brought down 9. cutting down
Step VII Workbook
Look at Page 124. Do Ex 1 and Ex 2 . Before doing Ex 2, revise the expressions. Let the students work in pairs. Check the answers with the whole class and get the students to put the sentences into Chinese.
Step VIII Homework
1. Prepare Lesson 43.
2. Write a short passage according to the four pictures on Page 63
探究活動(dòng)
1.You and your friend have decided to see a play and your friend promised to meet you at the gate of the theatre at 6:00.The play begins at 6:30.It’s now nearly 7:00 o’clock, but still your friend hasn’t turned up yet. Later he arrives and you ask him the reason. Make a dialogue between you two.
2.Suppose you were one of the members of the family living in a house with very tall trees all around. Tell your experience in the hurricane in English. How strong the wind was? What decision did you make and what did you do later?
3.Suppose you were one of the workers from other parts of Britain. You were called to travel south to help repair the damage. Tell what you see all around and what you do there.