1. In this edition of American Living, we are looking at some population trends in the USA. (P18) 在這一版的《美國(guó)生活》中，我們討論美國(guó)人口趨向。
1). trend
noun [C]
1 a general development or change in a situation or in the way that people are behaving:趨勢(shì)；
There's been a downward/upward trend in sales in the last few years.
2. a new development in clothing, make-up, etc: 流行趨勢(shì)、時(shí)尚；
The trend at the moment is towards a more natural and less made-up look.
trend 與tendency 辨析：
tendency僅僅指趨向，如：she has the tendency to work late.
trend強(qiáng)調(diào)要變化或發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)，如：fashion trend流行趨勢(shì)；The trend is toward working longer hours for less money.
從中可見，tendency指的是傾向，trend指發(fā)展、變化趨勢(shì)，具有動(dòng)態(tài)含義。
tendency比trend更抽象化
trend:
n. 趨勢(shì),傾向,方位 v. 傾向
例句與用法:
1. The prices of houses are trending upwards.
房?jī)r(jià)趨于上漲。
2. The youth like to follow the latest trends in fashion.
年輕人喜好追求最新的流行款式。
3. The trend of prices is still upwards.
物價(jià)仍有上漲趨勢(shì)。
4. The runaway inflation would seem to put the brakes on such a trend.
失控的通貨膨脹似乎阻止這一趨勢(shì)的發(fā)展。
5. This quartet represents a major new trend in modern music.
這首四重奏的曲子反映了現(xiàn)代音樂中一種主要的新趨向.
tendency:
n. 趨勢(shì),傾向
例句與用法:
1. There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.
人們?cè)诩依锒皇窃谵k公室里工作的趨勢(shì)日益增長(zhǎng)。
2. She has artistic tendencies.
她有藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)。
3. A tendency to revert to a former state.
反動(dòng)希望回到過去狀態(tài)的趨勢(shì)
4. He had a tendency to shrink up whenever attention was focused on him.
當(dāng)別人注意他時(shí)，他就會(huì)退縮一旁。
2. Throughout the Midwest and the North-east, people aged 60 and over are packing their bags and heading south along the freeway to states like Florida. (P18)
在整個(gè)中西部和東北部地區(qū)，60歲及60歲以上的人們正在收拾他們的行囊，沿著高速公路向南行進(jìn)到類似佛羅里達(dá)州這樣的州去。
1). people aged 60
aged: a past participle used as an attributive
Eg. a building built on the coast
相關(guān)高考試題：
1. (2005北京)
The prize of the game show is $30000 and an all expenses ______ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
2.（2002上海）
Don't use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
3.（2002春招）
Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
4. （2004浙江）
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
5.（2004上海）
The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
6. (2007 上海)
The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
7. (2007 湖南卷)
“Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. be lost
答案及解析：1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A
3. For some of this people, the move is permanent and year-round, but for others, it is only seasonal. (P18)
對(duì)其中一些人來說，搬遷是永久的、常年的；但對(duì)另一些人來說，這是季節(jié)性的。
1). permanent
lasting for a long time or forever: 永久的、常年的;
She is looking for a permanent place to stay.
Are you looking for a temporary or a permanent job?
The disease can cause permanent damage to the brain.
2 describes something that exists or happens all the time: 經(jīng)常性的；
Mont Blanc has a permanent snow cap.
Our office is in a permanent state of chaos.
4. This group account for nearly 18 percent of the state’s population.
這個(gè)人群大約占到該州人口的18%(P18)
1). account
account for sth (BE) phrasal verb
to form the total of something: 占比例；
Students account for the vast majority of our customers.
account (BANK) (ALSO bank account)
an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to: 帳戶；
I've opened an account with a building society.
I paid the money into my account this morning.
account (REASON)
on account of sth because of something: 因?yàn)椤⒂捎?/p>
He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his health.
5. So it is not surprising that Florida’s Charlotte County is known as the oldest place in the USA. 因此也就不奇怪佛羅里達(dá)州的夏洛特縣北被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)最老的地方。(P18)
1). the usage of “it”
It is used as a formal subject; the real object of the sentence is that Florida’s Charlotte County is known as the oldest place in the USA
相關(guān)高考試題：
1.（2006湖南）
As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
2.（2006浙江）
_______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
3.（2006全國(guó)I）
If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
4.（2006山東）
I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you
5. (2005全國(guó)I/II)
The chairman thought _______ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that B. it C. this D. him
6.(2007 天津)
He didn’t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this B. that C. it D. that
7. (2007 山東)
_____________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A. This B. That C. What D. It
8. (2007 全國(guó)卷II)
___ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One B. This C. It D. That
答案及解析：1. D 2. D 3. C 如果可以的話；
4. B 5. B 6.C 7. D 8. C
6. The question is, though, why are so many people retiring and spending their pensions in Florida. 但問題是，為什么這么多的人退休后要去佛羅里達(dá)州，并且把他們的養(yǎng)老金花在那里呢？ (P18)
1). pension noun [C]
a sum of money paid regularly by the government or a private company to a person who does not work any more because they are too old or they have become ill: 養(yǎng)老金，救濟(jì)金；
They find it hard to live on their state pension.
He won't be able to draw (= receive) his pension until he's 65.
pensioner
a person who receives a pension, especially the government pension given to old people: 養(yǎng)老金獲得者；
Students and pensioners are entitled to a discount.
2). though
conjunction；despite the fact that: 盡管
She hasn't phoned, even though she said she would.
but: 但是
They're coming next week, though I don't know which day.
adverb；despite this: 盡管、然而
We were at school together. I haven't seen her for years though.
相關(guān)高考試題：
1. (2005江蘇)
---How is everything going on with you in Europe?
---Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _______.
A. though B. instead C. either D. too
2. (2007 全國(guó)卷II)
____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When
3. (2007 上海卷)
Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.
A. though B. before C. until D. if
答案及解析：1. A 2. A. 3. D
3). predicative clause
(In grammar, especially of adjectives or phrases) following a verb such as be, get, become, seem, look. If a clause is used as a predicative, it is called a predicative clause.
相關(guān)高考試題：
1.（2005全國(guó)I）
See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. What
2. (2005江蘇)
---Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York?
---I agree, but the problem is _______ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
3. (2002 上海)
Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that’s ______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
4. (2007 上海)
The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
5. (2007 浙江)
Why not try your lick downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.
A. where B. what C. when D. why
答案及解析：1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A
7. As the number of older Americans moving there increase, more changes are made to cater to them. (P18)
然而，隨著搬遷到那里的老年美國(guó)人增多，更多的變化發(fā)生了，以照顧到他們的需要。
1). cater verb [I or T]
to provide, and sometimes serve, food:
I'm catering for twelve on Sunday, all the family are coming.
Which firm will be catering at the wedding reception?
US Who catered your party?
Cater 相關(guān)短語：
cater for sb/sth phrasal verb
to provide what is wanted or needed by someone or something: 迎合、滿足
The club caters for children between the ages of 4 and 12.
cater to sb/sth phrasal verb
to try to satisfy a need, especially an unpopular unacceptable need: 迎合、滿足需要
This legislation simply caters to racism.
8. Maybe Ill move to a small town when my partner and I get married, but for now, I want to have fun. (P19)
或許當(dāng)我的愛人和我結(jié)婚的時(shí)候，我將搬到小城鎮(zhèn)，但是現(xiàn)在，我想享受快樂。”
1). get married
verb [L + past participle] getting, got, got or US gotten
sometimes used instead of 'be' to form the passive:
They're getting married later this year.
This window seems to have got broken.
相關(guān)高考試題：
1. (2002北京春)
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______ run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
2. (2002 全國(guó)春)
--- How are the team playing?
--- They're playing well, but one of them hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
3. (2001全國(guó))
As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
答案及解析: 1. B 被碾、被撞 2. A 受傷 3. A 被分開
9. Angela, 21, adds, I’d love to stay in the community where I grew up, but there are no career opportunities there. (P19)
21歲的安杰拉補(bǔ)充道：“我挺樂意住在我長(zhǎng)大的社區(qū)里，但是那里沒有任何事業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
1). add
add
verb [I or T]
to put something with something else to increase the number or amount or to improve the whole:加，求和
If you add (= calculate the total of) three and four you get seven.
Beat the butter and sugar together and slowly add the eggs.
Her colleagues' laughter only added to (= increased) her embarrassment.
addition
noun [C or U]
Twice a week the children are tested in basic mathematical skills such as addition (= calculating the total of different numbers put together) and subtraction.
In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.
additional 附加的、額外的；
adjective
extra:
additional costs/problems
There will be an extra charge for any additional passengers.
add 常用短語：
add (sth) up phrasal verb [M]
to calculate the total of two or more numbers: 合計(jì)、累加；
If you add those four figures up, it comes to over 500.
She added the bill up.
add up to sth (AMOUNT) phrasal verb 總計(jì)；
to become a particular amount:
The various building programmes add up to several thousand new homes.
We thought we'd bought lots of food, but it didn't add up to much when we'd spread it out on the table.
add fuel to the fire/flames
to make an argument or bad situation worse: 讓……更糟糕
The discovery that the government was aware of the cover-up has really added fuel to the fire.
相關(guān)高考試題：
1. 2006北京）
There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
答案及解析: D
10. I have to go where the big companies are because I want to be a top accountant, not a database clerk. That’s why I’ll move to Los Angeles when I graduate from university. 我必須到大公司所在的地方，因?yàn)槲蚁氤蔀轫敿獾臅?huì)計(jì)師，而不是數(shù)據(jù)庫職員。那就是為什么當(dāng)我大學(xué)畢業(yè)的時(shí)候我要搬到洛杉磯。” (P19)
1) I have to go where the big companies are;
That’s why I’ll move to Los Angeles when I graduate from university
Adverbial clause
相關(guān)高考試題：
1.（2005湖南）
I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
2.（2005天津）
If you are traveling ____ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
3.（2005遼寧）
He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
4.（2005四川）
-Mom, what did your doctor say?
-He advised me to live _____ the air is fresher.
A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where
5. (2006福建)
---Did Jack come back early last night?
--- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock _______ he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that D. until
6.(全國(guó)I/II)
It wasn’t until nearly a month later _______ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
答案及解析:1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. B
11. Living in a city is really much better for my career than living in a small town.
生活在大城市對(duì)我的事業(yè)有好處。(P21)
1). Comparative and superlative degree of adjective and adverbs
Comparative degree: expressing a greater degree or “more”, eg better, worse, slower, more difficult. Superlative: of adjective s or adverbs expressing the highest or a very high degree, eg best, slowest, and most difficult.
相關(guān)高考試題：
1.（2006江蘇 ）
I wish you’d do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.
A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more
2.（2006安徽）
Of the two sisters, Betty is ________one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
A. a younger B. a youngest
C. the younger D. the youngest
3.（2006四川）
-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
-Yes. I’ve never been to _______ one before.
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
4.（2006陜西）
I used to earn _______ than a pound a week when I first started work.
A. less B. fewer C. a few D. little
5. (2007 全國(guó)II)
After two years’ research, we now have a ____ better understanding of the disease.
A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
6. (2007 全國(guó)II)
Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ____ one.
A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
7. (2007 上海)
Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ______ of my friends.
A. more carefully B. the most carefully
C. less carefully D. the least carefully
8. (2007 北京)
The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ___.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
9. (2007 江西)
The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _____if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
答案及解析：1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. B
12. I don’t like one more than the other. （P21）
我并不偏向于更喜歡哪一個(gè)。
1). More than
More than
More than的用法總結(jié)
● A. “More than＋名詞”表示“多于……”、“非但……尤其是”如：
1) Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
2) Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
● B. “More than＋數(shù)詞”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：
3) I have known David for more than 20 years.
4) Let's carry out the test with more than the sample copy.
● C. “More than＋形容詞”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：
5) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
6) I assure you I am more than glad to help you.
● D. 在“More...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，約等于“是……而不是……”如：
7) The difference between pure linguistics and applied linguistics is more apparent than real.
8) This book seems to be more a manual than a text.
9) Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.
10) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
● E. “More than”或“More...than...”＋含“can”的分句時(shí)表示“否定意”，如：
11) That's more than I can do.
12) Don't bite off more than you can chew.
13) In delivering his lecture, Jason makes sure not to include more things than the students can understand.
● F. “No more...than...”表示“不……；不如……”，如：
14) I can no more do that than anyone else.
15) A learner can no more obtain knowledge without reading than a farmer can get good harvest without ploughing.”
“No more…...than...”的語義，也可用“not any more than...”來取代，因此 15 可以變成 16。
16) A learner cannot... any more than...
“more than”也在一些慣用語中出現(xiàn)，如：
17) More often than not （經(jīng)常），people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give.
18) All of us are more than a little concerned about（非常關(guān)心）the current economic problems.
1. (2007 福建)
-Do you need any help, Lucy?
-Yes, The job is I could do myself.
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
答案及解析： 1. B