Reading: The economy or the environment----must we choose?
1. a television debate on environmental issues
debate vi. 辯論，爭(zhēng)辯，考慮，思考 debate (about) sth
debate + wh + to do
①The government is debating the education laws. _______________________
②______________________________________________________________
他在考慮去散步還是去訪友。
n. 討論，辯論會(huì)
①Who opens the debate? _____________________
②It is _____ _______ about __________ _____________ for criminals.
這是一場(chǎng)關(guān)于懲治罪犯的爭(zhēng)論。
beyond debate _無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯___ hold a debate _舉行辯論會(huì)
a warm/heated debate_激烈的辯論____debate sth. with sb. __與某人爭(zhēng)論某事
debate with oneself 仔細(xì)考慮，盤(pán)算
2．we will open the floor for discussion.
floor n. 發(fā)言權(quán)
have/ get the floor 取得發(fā)言權(quán)
take the floor 起立發(fā)言或演講
1) 他沒(méi)有取得發(fā)言權(quán)。___________________________________
2) 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)總統(tǒng)講話。 ___________________________________
3. the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
the way to do
the way of doing
the way that/ in which/ 省略 + 句子
1）I don’t know the way _____________________ (solve) the problem.
2）The way ___ you thought of _____ the problem is excellent.
a. in which; solving b. that; solving
c. /; to solve d. in which; to solve
3） ______ matters is not what you said but the way _____ you said that.
a. that; what b. that; / c. what; how d. what; in which
4. Other types of waste flow into our water.
flow vi. 流動(dòng)，漂浮
①The Yalu River flows between China and Korea. ____鴨綠江介于中國(guó)和朝鮮之間
②我姐姐的長(zhǎng)發(fā)自然地飄垂在背后。
__My sister’s hair flowed down her back._
n. 流動(dòng)，流量，流暢
①There was a heavy flow of traffic on the road. _____________________________
②The government is trying to stop the increasing flow of refugees entering the country.
__________________________________________________________________
flow away __流走_(dá)__________ flow from ___從…中產(chǎn)生__________
flow into __流入___________ flow down_流下____________
5. In addition, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.
in addition 另外，加之 in addition to sth 加之……；除了……之外。
When he fell off his bike, he hurt his arm and, ______________________ his glasses.
他從車(chē)上摔下來(lái)，摔傷了胳膊，還有眼鏡。
There was an earthquake and, ________________, (另外) there were huge waves.
He speaks French _________________________ English. （除了英語(yǔ)以外）
in addition 的近義詞組：____________________________________________
wipe out 徹底消滅，摧毀， 除去，取消
幾年的辛苦勞動(dòng)之后，他們終于還清了所有的債務(wù)。
_________________________________________________________________
wipe sth away/ off/ up 擦凈/ 掉
wipe sth from sth 把........從........上擦掉
1) The whole village was ________________ in the battle.
2) Wipe the writing _____________the blackboard.
3) “Men don’t cry,” she _____, ______ the tears from my eyes.
a. said; wiped b. said; wiping c. saying; wiped d. saying; wiping
6. This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat.
have an effect on/ upon … / have an influence on 對(duì).........有影響
put/ bring sth into effect 使.........生效， 實(shí)施
come into effect 生效， 開(kāi)始實(shí)施
take effect 開(kāi)始起作用， 見(jiàn)效
1) The book ___________________________________________(對(duì)我有很大影響)
2) The plans will soon be __________________________________ (即將付諸實(shí)施)
3) New controls __________________________________ next month.（開(kāi)始實(shí)施）
4) The medicine soon ________________________________________. （見(jiàn)效）
5) ______ by the traditional ideas, people often consider ______ unsuitable to wear white on the wedding ceremony.
a. affected; that b.affected ; it c. effected; that d. influencing; it
left for us to eat 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做fish 的定語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的完成，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式做定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生。
1) There were many people ___________ (play) outside.
2) The bridge ___________ next year is just between the one ______ last year and the one ____________ now. (bulid)
3) Hopefully, the government will treat the ___________ (pollute) water.
7．While we damage our environment, we keep...............
While
1． 當(dāng)..........時(shí)候， 指一段時(shí)間（=when）不能用來(lái)表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間。
_______________ I was sleeping, a thief entered the house.
We were about to go shopping _________ John dropped in.
2． 并列連詞 然而
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
3． 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 = though/ although
盡管我們意見(jiàn)不一致， 我們?nèi)匀皇桥笥选?/p>
____________________________________________________
4． 只要，既然
It doesn’t matter what you do _while____ you are happy.
用作名詞，表示一段時(shí)間
for a while _______________ in a while _____________
once in a while ______________
8. The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
1) There are more than 40 students in this class. (more than + number )
2) When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come. (more than +adj)
3) This dictonary is more than a dictionary. It’s like a grammar book. (more than + n )
4) What she said is more than he can understand. (more than +主+ can/ could + 謂語(yǔ) )
5) She is more shy than unfriendly. (more…than…與其說(shuō).......不如說(shuō))
6) A boy of no more than six got on the bus.
A boy of not more than six got on the bus.
7)The book is not more expensive than that one.
__這本書(shū)沒(méi)有那本書(shū)貴___________
The book is no more expensive than that one.
___這本書(shū)和那本書(shū)都不貴_____
表示倍數(shù)的三個(gè)句型
這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的三倍大。
1) This room is ______________as _________ as that one.
2) This room is twice _________ than that one.
3) This room is 3 times __________________ that one.
注意：The output of cars in 2006 is 7 times _that___(the output ) of 2000.
The output of cars in 2006 is 7 times _what____it was in 2000.
9. The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people!
approach vt. 接近，靠近 n. 方法，入口，通路
①圣誕節(jié)快到了。______________________________________
②他是一個(gè)難以接近的人。______________________________
③該題有多種解法。 ___________________________________
10. we should try to cut back on production..............
cut back (on) 削減，縮減 cut down 砍倒，
cut off 切斷，隔絕，停止供應(yīng) cut up 切碎
The doctor advised him to____________foods containing too much sugar.
King Charles had his head ______________.
If you don’t pay the gas bill, it will be _______________.
More and more trees are ____________________.
______________ apples into small pieces before feeding it to the baby.
11. It would be beneficial to expand..............
beneficial adj. 有益的 be beneficial to 對(duì)……有益=be of benefit to
n.利益，好處，受益 v. 有益于 benefit from
① 好朋友對(duì)你一生有益。____________________________ all your life.__
② His words benefited me a lot. ___________________________________
③ 每天鍛煉對(duì)我們有益。_______________________________________
12. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation..........
It is obvious that............= Obviously.......
It is apparent that...........= Apparently......
concern vt 與..........有關(guān)， 引起.........的關(guān)心
這封信與你無(wú)關(guān)。______________________________________.
The result concerns everybody. ______________________________.
公主的結(jié)婚引起國(guó)內(nèi)所有人的關(guān)心。
The princess’s marriage _____________________________________.
n. 關(guān)心，擔(dān)心， 所關(guān)心的事，關(guān)系
have no concern with 與…無(wú)關(guān)
show concern for sb. 關(guān)心某人
I have no concern with the company.
She showed a great deal of concern for her son’s illness.
My greatest concern is the economy of China.
adj. be concerned about/for/over 關(guān)心/擔(dān)心
be concerned with 關(guān)注, 涉及
I’m concerned _________ her safety.
The story is concerned __________ fairies.
Concerned parents discouraged kids from surfing websites concerning games.
______________________________________________________________.
prep concerning 關(guān)于
so/as far as sb(sth) be concerned 就............ 而言
13. I’m often seen as being against the environment.
see…as將..........視為， 把...........看作
look on/ consider/ treat / regard/ think of........…as
他的朋友把他視為將來(lái)的流行歌手。
_____________________________________________
我決定把他的話當(dāng)作戲言。
_____________________________________________
14. economic development is bad for the environment
economy n. 經(jīng)濟(jì) national economy 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)
economic adj. 經(jīng)濟(jì)的 economical adj. 節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的
economics n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) economist n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家
environment n. 環(huán)境
environmental adj. 環(huán)境的，與環(huán)境有關(guān)的
environmentally adv. environmentalist n. 環(huán)境保護(hù)論者
other phrases in the reading:
1.follow our usual schedule 遵循往常的日程
2.open the floor for discussion 自由發(fā)言
3.grow to / climb to/ rise to/increase to 增長(zhǎng)至
grow by / rise by/ increase by 增長(zhǎng)了
4.give voice to sth=voice sth 表達(dá)
5.cut back/ down on 減少
6.My suggestion is that sb should do sth
7.be beneficial to 對(duì)……有益
8.a environmentally friendly way of living 環(huán)保的生活方式
9.be responsible for (doing) sth/ take responsibility to do/ for sth. 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)
10. the people running these factories 經(jīng)營(yíng)這些工廠的人們
11.the key to success / the key to solving the problem 成功/解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵
12.preserve/ protect the environment 保護(hù)環(huán)境
13.be willing to do sth. 樂(lè)意干某事
14.pay slightly higher prices for 為……付更多的錢(qián)
Grammar & Task:
1. shock ⑴vt. 使震驚，使震動(dòng)
eg. It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.
想到我們差一點(diǎn)喪命，我就非常害怕。
_________________________________________________.
他的所作所為讓我們很震驚。
⑵ n.[c] 令人震驚的事件（情況）消息
___________ it is to hear that the factory would have to close.
A. What a shock B. What shock
C. How a shock D. How shock
① Earthquake shocks are often felt in Japan. ____________________________
② 他的死使全家人十分震驚。______________________________________
③ get a shock from a wire ______________________________
④ in shock 處于休克狀態(tài)
⑤ 我對(duì)他的粗魯感到震驚。_________________________________________
2. arrest vt./n. 逮捕，拘留
arrest sb. for sth. under house arrest 軟禁
be put/ held/ placed under arrest 被捕，在拘留中
3. watch the arrivals very closely
closely adv. 強(qiáng)調(diào)程度上“嚴(yán)密地，緊密地，相似地，仔細(xì)地。
close adv. 強(qiáng)調(diào)空間距離上近。
Don’t stand too __________ to the dog. 別離狗太近。
He listened __________to me. 他仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)我講話。
We were so __________ packed in the lift that I could hardly move.
我們緊緊地?cái)D在電梯里，我?guī)缀鮿?dòng)彈不了。
4. decrease 減少，減小 （反義詞：increase）
decrease in … 在……方面減少
decrease by… 減少了（數(shù)量）
decrease to… 減少到（結(jié)果）
________________ is decreasing ____1.4% each year.每年人口的增長(zhǎng)減少了1.4%。
The boss is going to ____________________________.老板準(zhǔn)備減少他的報(bào)酬。
The membership decreased _______ 150. 會(huì)員數(shù)減少到150人。
Since 1945, air forces have decreased _________________.
1945年以來(lái)，空軍的數(shù)量已經(jīng)有了減少。
5. stock vt. 貯備，進(jìn)貨，使具備
n. 存貨，進(jìn)貨，股票
stock.......with........ be stocked with
in stock/out of stock 有現(xiàn)貨/脫銷（缺貨）
The store is well _______________________(儲(chǔ)存) foreign videos.
______________________________________這書(shū)架上有好多書(shū).
We have every size of shoes ______________本店備有各種尺寸鞋子的 現(xiàn)貨。
I’m sorry, this size is____________________.很報(bào)歉，這個(gè)尺寸沒(méi)有現(xiàn)貨。
6. measure ⑴n. 措施，方法，程度
⑵vt. 測(cè)量（長(zhǎng)度，大小，重量等）
The centimeter is a ________________ of length. 厘米是長(zhǎng)度的單位。
The tailor _______________ me for a suit. 裁縫量了我的尺寸好做西裝。
拓展: take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做……
beyond measure 非常地，過(guò)度地
in large measure/ in some measure 在很大/某種程度上
take one’s measure 量.........的尺寸；判斷........的性格
Phrases in the Word Power/Grammar/Task:
1.problems associated with the environment: 和環(huán)境有聯(lián)系的問(wèn)題
2.cause damage to
3.do harm to = be harmful to對(duì)……有害
4.write in 致函；寫(xiě)信表意見(jiàn)
5.clean up 清理；打掃干凈
6.customs officers 海關(guān)關(guān)員
7.come over to 過(guò)來(lái)
8.watch the arrivals closely 仔細(xì)地觀察到達(dá)者
9.on/ upon taking off his jacket 一脫下他的夾克
10.in the best possible way 用最好最好的方法
11.build the economy 開(kāi)發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)
12.natural disasters 自然災(zāi)害
13.the solutions to desertification 沙漠化的解決方法
14.combat desertification 抗擊沙漠化
15.take steps to stop the process of desertification 采取措施來(lái)阻止沙漠化進(jìn)程
16.in the form of 以……的形式
17.pick out 挑選出；辨認(rèn)出
18.on account of/ due to/ because of/as a result of 因?yàn)�；由�?/p>
19.present your point of view 表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)
Project Protecting the Yangtze River
1. Rapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has meant that not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising, but the waste being put back into the river has been increasing.工農(nóng)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展，加上人口的迅猛增長(zhǎng)，不僅意味著從長(zhǎng)江的取水量在增長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)回放到長(zhǎng)江的廢棄物也在增加。
短語(yǔ)Not only ….but (also)…連接兩個(gè)并列句。前面的分句要用倒裝句式。
否定詞放在句首，常引起倒裝。這些詞有 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, at no time, neither, nor, little, not only, not until, no sooner等
1).Not only ____________________the book, but also he remembered what he had read.
他不但讀過(guò)此書(shū)，而且還記得所讀的內(nèi)容。
2)Never _________ I _________ abroad.
我從來(lái)沒(méi)有出過(guò)國(guó)
3) No sooner _______I _______my homework than the lights ___________._
我剛作完作業(yè)就停電了。
2. This is not good news for the people who live in all the towns and cities along the Yangtze River and who rely on it for water這對(duì)于住在長(zhǎng)江沿岸的城鎮(zhèn)的人們和依靠它獲得水源的人們來(lái)說(shuō)不是好消息。
rely on/upon 依賴，依靠，信任，信賴
rely on /upon sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事，相信某人會(huì)做
rely on /upon it that 相信.......（事情），指望.....（事情）
1) You may not rely on the weather report. 天氣預(yù)報(bào)不足為信。
2) I rely on her paying back the money = I rely on her ________________the money
我相信她會(huì)還錢(qián)的
3) Don’t rely on my seeing you off. _____________________________________
4) You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. _________________________.
3. endanger v. 使……陷于危險(xiǎn)，使……危險(xiǎn)，危及, 危害
in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中
out of danger脫險(xiǎn)
dangerous adj.
The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the residents.
城里被污染的空氣正嚴(yán)重地危及居民的健康。
__________________________________. 吸煙危害你的健康。 The giant panda is an endangered species.大熊貓是面臨絕種危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物。
He told me the girl was in danger, so we went to help her.
4. Two special government projects are also under way to protect the river.
under way: having started and making progress:已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并進(jìn)行著
under consideration 在考慮中
under construction 在建設(shè)中
under contact 在聯(lián)系中
under discussion 在討論中
under investigation 在調(diào)查中
under repair 在修理中
under trial 在受審中
5. The Yangtze River is home to a diverse range of fish and animals…
home of/ to …的故鄉(xiāng)， …的發(fā)源地
range 范圍，變化，區(qū)域；（變化，差異的）幅度，差距。如：
a diverse range of fish 多種魚(yú)類
beyond the range of … 超過(guò)……的范圍 within the range of … 在…范圍之內(nèi)
He has a wide range of knowledge. 他知識(shí)廣博。
____________________ 興趣廣泛
It is _____________________________________ 這件事超出了我的能力范圍。
The work is _______________________________ 這工作在我們的責(zé)任范圍之內(nèi)。
6. Boats are prohibited from entering this area in order to keep the dolphins safe.
prohibit vt. 禁止，阻止
prohibition n. 禁止，禁令
prohibit sb. from doing sth.. 禁止某人做某事，使某人不能做某事
1) _____________________________________________
本醫(yī)院內(nèi)禁止抽煙。
2) Minors _______________________________________.
未成年人禁止喝酒。
3) His poor eyesight_______________________________________.
他因視力弱而不能當(dāng)飛行員。
7. We believe that the efforts of the Chinese government and the Chinese people to
protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come by future
generations.
我們相信，中國(guó)政府和人民為了保護(hù)這條深受大家喜愛(ài)的河流所作出的努力會(huì)為
后人所感激的。
effort n. 努力，艱難的嘗試，努力的結(jié)果，
make an effort / efforts to do 作出努力
make every effort 盡一切努力
spare no effort 不遺余力
without effort 毫不費(fèi)力地
1) I will _____________________________________.
我將進(jìn)一切努力準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。
2) He did it __________________________________.
他毫不費(fèi)力地做完了那件事。
3) His efforts were much appreciated.
_______________________________。
appreciate vt. 賞識(shí)， 欣賞， 感激
appreciation n. 賞識(shí)， 欣賞， 感激
appreciate doing sth. 感激 做某事
appreciate one /one’s doing sth. 感激 某人做某事
I would appreciate it if… 如果............. 我將不勝感激
1) She shows little or no appreciation of good music.
她對(duì)于好的音樂(lè)鮮有或沒(méi)有欣賞的能力。
2) I really appreciate _____________________________________.
你能來(lái)參加這次聚會(huì)我太高興啦。
3) We appreciate ________________________________________.
我們感謝你對(duì)公司的發(fā)展所做的努力。
Other phrases:
1.raise concern both nationally and internationally/ both at home and abroad 引起國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)注
2.result in/ lead to/ cause 導(dǎo)致 result from 由……所致
3.endangered species 瀕臨滅絕的物種
4.recognize the importance of doing sth 認(rèn)識(shí)到做……的重要性
5.assess the river 評(píng)估河流
6.a nature reserve for.......... .............的自然保護(hù)區(qū)
7.the lower reaches of the river 下游