1. probability n. 可能性 ；概率

There is little probability of his succeeding.

There is little probability that he will succeed. 他不大可能成功.

What is the probability of his success? 他成功的可能性如何?

詞組： in all probability =very probably 極有可能:

In all probability he's already left. 他很可能已經離開了.

【歸納拓展】 the probability is that…= there’s a probability that…= it is probable that… 有可能

probable 是該單詞的形容詞形式，注意比較probable likely possible 這三個形容詞的區別:

【即學即用】 He is _____ to come here, so get ready for everything as soon as possible.

A .possible B. probable C. likely D. probably

（2010江蘇卷26）. The experiment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.

A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out

2.bark n. 樹皮, 吠聲 vi. 吠, 咆哮, 剝樹皮

Barking dogs seldom bite. 吠犬不咬人。（真人不露相）

His bark is worse than his bite. 刀子嘴豆腐心。

Dogs always bark at strangers. 狗總是對著陌生人吠。

The officer barked out an order. 那軍官大聲發出命令。(咆哮地說出、吼出)

3.trial n. 試驗, 考驗, 審訊, 審判

a trial match / flight 預賽；試飛

She succeeded in the examination on her third trial. 在她第三次嘗試時

The man was on trial for killing a person. 此人因殺人而受審。

They let me have / take the computer on trial for thirty days. 把......拿去試用

by / through trial and error 通過反復試驗, 不斷摸索

Only by trial and error will you find out what flowers grow best.

4.standardize vt. 使符合標準, 使標準化

standard n. 標準, 規格 adj. 標準的, 權威的, 第一流的

the standard of living / living standards 生活水平

Mr. Li sets high standards of behavior for his students. 對學生的行為提出高標準的要求

standard English pronunciation 標準的英語發音

5.length n. 長度，時間的長短

a length of rope/ cloth 一根繩/一段布

⑴它長200千米。(兩種)

It’s 200 kilometers long. It’s 200 kilometers in length.

⑵這把尺子是那把的兩倍長。This ruler is twice the length of that one.

at length 終于；詳細地 in length 長度上

6.note vt. 注意,；記錄；指出，特別提到

Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.請注意這張賬單必須在10天之內付清。

The pupil noted (down) what the teacher said. 學生記下了老師的話。

n. 筆記；短信；注解，注釋；票據，紙幣；音符

make / take a note（notes） of ... 記下… make / take notes 記筆記

compare notes 交換意見；對筆記 take note of 注意到

change one's note 改變態度，口氣 a 10-pound note

【即學即用】Just now, I took _____ of a thief’s entering the neighbour’s house.

A. notices B. notes C. note D. a note

7.quantity n. 量 數量

buy sth. in (large / small) quantities

large/small quantities of + n. 謂語動詞用復數

a large/small quantity of + n. 謂語動詞單復數由名詞決定

Large quantities of goods / food have been stored for the winter.

A large quantity of beer has been sold.

A large quantity of books have been sold.

【即學即用】As a result of destroying the forest, a large ____ of the desert _____ covered the land.

A. number ; has B. quantity; has C.numbers; have D.quantity; have

8.mass n. 塊；大多數,；質量；群眾,；大量

the masses 群眾,，民眾，個人階級

a mass of / masses of + n. [u] / [c] 許多，大量

a huge mass of data 大量數據 a mass of people 許多人

Before the rain, there were masses of dark clouds in the sky.

下雨前，天空有大片大片的烏云。

adj. 群眾的；大規模的；集中的

mass production 大規模生產 mass education / media 大眾教育；大眾傳媒

9.wonder adj. 極好的，靈驗的 a new wonder drug 新的靈丹妙藥

n. 奇跡，驚奇，驚愕 the Seven Wonders of the World 世界七大奇觀

It's a wonder (that) no one got hurt. 難得

It’s no wonder (that) you've got a headache, the amount you drank last night.

昨晚你喝得太多，頭痛不足為奇。 難怪；不足為奇

vt. 覺得奇怪；驚奇；想知道，不知道

I was wondering if / whether you'd like to come to dinner.

不知可不可以（禮貌的請求）

I wonder if I'll recognize Philip after all these years.

vi. 驚訝，懷疑

-- Is she serious? -- I wonder. 我看不一定吧。

【即學即用】He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ______ that he is tired out

A.There is no point B.There is no need C. It is no wonder D.It is no way

10.relief n. 解脫的感覺，安慰；(痛苦等的)減輕；(債務等的)免除；救助，救濟

give a patient relief from pain / pain relief 使病人減輕痛苦

provide relief for refugees 救濟難民

To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely. 使某人欣慰的是…

The doctor said it was just the flu. What a relief! 謝天謝地

relieve vt.

Drugs helped to relieve the pain.

relieve oneself relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的負擔

He rose and relieved her of her bags.

relieve sb. of their post / duties / command etc. 免除職務/職責/指揮權

【即學即用】people in the world try their best to _____ the people in the earthquake in India.

A. relief B. relieve C. release D. reliance

(2010山東卷33). Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.

A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter

11.split (split split) 切開，分裂，分離，分享，分擔

Let’s split the cost of the dinner party. The lightening split a big tree.

split up 分成小部分，劃分 分離 分手

The couple split up. The party split up into two groups.

split n.裂口，裂縫 a split in the door/ rock/ coat

12.Pleasure n. 快樂；娛樂，消遣

【歸納拓展】

(It’s ) My pleasure. 別客氣。(回答感謝） With pleasure 非常樂意。（ 請求）

take pleasure / delight in doing 喜歡做…

have the pleasure of =have the honor of 有幸做

for pleasure 為了消遣 at one’s pleasure隨便，聽便

please vt. 使高興 快樂 pleased adj.高興的；滿意的 pleasant adj.令人高興的、滿意的

【即學即用】-- Would you please help me with the box?--______.

A.Yes,please B.No,please don’t C.With pleasure D.My pleasure.

13.sharp adj. 鋒利的； 尖刻的；靈敏的; 突然的

I cut my foot on a sharp stone.

She has a sharp mind. 她頭腦機敏。

The boss was very sharp with me when I was late this morning.

Sharp adv.準時地；突然地 Please be here at seven sharp.

Sharpen v. 使…鋒利 sharpener n.卷筆刀

The knife needs sharpening/ to be sharpened. 這把刀要磨了。

14.let out 釋放，放走，放氣/水，放大衣服，泄露秘密、出租

Let the air out of the tyres.

They were let out of prison last week.

His trousers need to be let out round the waist.

Don’t let it out to the press.

let out a cry of joy/surprise/ excitement let out cars by the day

【歸納拓展】let sb alone 不管，不干涉 let sb/sth be 聽任，不打擾

let off 放過，放槍，放炮，放煙火

【即學即用】He accidentally ____ he had quarrelled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.(2006年湖南卷)

A let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out

15.point n. 尖端；分數；細節 程度 意義 v. 指；瞄準

【歸納拓展】 on the point of 正要…的時候 to / off the point 中肯/離題

point out/ at /to 指出/著/向 There’s no point in doing sth. 做…沒意義

【即學即用】介詞填空：

(1) My teacher pointed ____ my mistakes.

(2) They pointed ____ her head with guns.

(3) I was ____ the point of leaving when the telephone rang.

(4) Your criticism is ____ the point, I quite agree with you.

(5) There is no point ___ discussing the problem.

(6) ____ that point I thought she would agree, but in the end she refused.

(keys: out at on to in at)

We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.（2006山東）

A. where B. that C. when D. which

I listened to Dr. Johnson’s lecture on biology yesterday, but I failed to get the key ____

A. points B. words C. information D. message

(析：key points要點 key words重要的詞 key information重要信息)

【鞏固訓練】

(1) –We must thank you for taking trouble to cook us a meal.---________.

A. It’s a pleasure B.With pleasure C.It doesn’t matter. D.Never mind

(2) It’s often less expensive to buy goods in ___ quantity, but you’d better examine ___ quality

before buying them.

A.\ the B. the \ C.a the D. the the

(3) We’ve already discussed the subject ____ great length.

A. at B. in C. on D. to

(4) He has _____ letters to answer. He has to work from morning to night.

A. much B. a great deal of C. masses of D. the number of

(5) While traveling, whether on business or for ____ , you often need to stay in a hotel.

A. pressure B. pleasure C. patience D. purpose

(6) The processing secret of the new product was _____ by the reporter, who has little sense of keeping the secret.

A. let into B. let out C. let down D. let be

(7) Masses of people _____ come here, so quantities of drinking water ____ been used up.

A. have;has B. have; have C. has;have D. has; has

(8) ______ on point ____ to explain.

A. It is; in trying B.There is ;in trying C. It is ;to try D. There is ; to try

(9) I learned most of what I know about gardening through _____.

A. a lot tries B. to do experiments C. trial and error D. great try

(10) Can you put me ____ to this number.

A. across B. through C. up D. over

(11) The sofa can also ____ as a bed.

A. use B. make C. operate D. function

(12) The newly- discovered star was named ______ a Chinese astronomer _____ honour of his contributions to astronomy.

A. for ; in B. after; for C. as ;in D. after; in

(13) --- I often see him working hard in his spare time.

--- _______ he has won the scholarship from time to time.

A. No wonder B. No way C. No doubt D. No wander

（14） _____ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

A Whatever B Whoever C However it D Whatever it

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