might
Unit14 重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)
1．feel like，would like，look like，like
feel like的意思是“想要”、“希望”，用于表達(dá)一種客氣的請(qǐng)求。其中l(wèi)ike是介詞，因此后跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞作賓語，不可以接不定式。如：
I don't feel like doing it today．What about tomorrow？我不想今天做此事，明天怎么樣？
I feel like a cup oftea．請(qǐng)給我一杯茶。
would like也是表達(dá)客氣的請(qǐng)求，意思與feel like相同，但would like中l(wèi)ike是動(dòng)詞，后面跟名詞或不定式作賓語。如：
What would you like to do today？你今天想干什么？
I'd like a word with you．我想跟你談一下。
would like也可跟“賓語＋不定式”的形式，這一點(diǎn)也有別于feel like。
I'd like you to go there today．我希望你今天能去一趟。
look like的意思是“看上去像”，like是介詞，后跟名詞或代詞。
The two brothers look like each other very much．這兄弟兩人長(zhǎng)得很像。
It looks like a rope．它看上去像一根繩子。
like作動(dòng)詞，意思是“喜歡”，后跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語；作介詞，意思是“像”、“如……一樣”，后跟名詞或代詞作賓語。如：
I like swimming very m uch．
Ordinary people，like you and me，can't afford to buy such an expensive house．像你我這樣的平常人是買不起這么貴的房子的。
2．maybe，perhaps，probably
這三個(gè)詞都有“或許”、“可能”的意思，但用法略有不同。m aybe和perhaps的意思基本相同。但
maybe多用于口語中，perhaps多用于書面文體。如：
Maybe（Perhaps）the weather will get better．可能天氣會(huì)變得好一些。
probably是“很可能”的意思，其可能性要大于perhaps和maybe。如：
He will probably succeed．他很可能會(huì)成功。
He will perhaps（maybe）succeed．他也許會(huì)成功。
另外，也要注意maybe與may be的區(qū)別：前者是副詞，在句中作狀語；后者是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加系動(dòng)詞be，在句中作謂語。
3．carry out，carry on，carry up，carryoff
carry out的意思是“實(shí)行”，“進(jìn)行”，“執(zhí)行”，“完成”。如：
We intend to carry out our new policy．我們打算實(shí)行新政策。
We are carrying out some scientific experiments．我們正在進(jìn)行一些科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
They decided to carry out the order at once．他們決定立即執(zhí)行命令。
By the end of last month，our factory had carried out its production plan for this year．到上月底，我們廠已完成了今年的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃。
carry on的意思是“繼續(xù)下去”，“堅(jiān)持下去”，“進(jìn)行下去”。如：
They carried on in spite of the difficult conditions．盡管條件很差，他們?nèi)匀粓?jiān)持下去。
carry up意思是“送上”，“供養(yǎng)”。如：
This lake can carry up to 2，000 fish．這個(gè)湖可以養(yǎng)2，000條魚。
Now man-made satellites can be easily carried up into space．現(xiàn)在人造衛(wèi)星可以很容易地被送到太空。
carry off意思是“誘拐”、“綁架”。如：
It is against the law to carry off women and children in our country．在我國(guó)拐賣婦女兒童是違法的。
4．send，send up，send for
send的意思是“郵寄”、“派遣”。如：
They all agreed to send Xiao Lin to the south．他們都同意派小林到南方去。
Let's send him a telegram ．我們給他發(fā)個(gè)電報(bào)吧。
send up的意思是“發(fā)出”、“射出”、“長(zhǎng)出”。如：
They sent up a rocket last week．上個(gè)星期他們發(fā)射了一枚火箭。
Young shoots will send up from the oldones．新芽就會(huì)從舊的地方長(zhǎng)出。
send for的意思是“派人去醛薄ⅰ芭扇巳ソ小薄Ｈ紓
Have you sent for a doctor？你派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生了嗎？
I'll send for a taxi．我去派人叫輛出租車。
5．remain，stay
remain與stay作為動(dòng)詞，都有“停留”的意思，有時(shí)可以通用。如：
remain和stay作為系動(dòng)詞，表示“保持某一狀態(tài)”時(shí)，可以通用。
The door remained（stayed）open．門一直開著。
但有時(shí)remain著重指在別人已離去，或事情有變動(dòng)以后，仍“繼續(xù)停留”或“保持原來的狀態(tài)”。stay則指“短時(shí)的停留”、“逗留”。如：
W hen the others had gone，here mained and put back the furniture．別人離去后，他留下來把家具放回原處。
I'm staying in Guangzhou just for the weekend．我僅在廣州呆這個(gè)周末。
6．［問］在第54課中有這樣一句話：A satellite is an object，either natural or man-made，which travels in an orbit round another object in space．這里space可換成sky嗎？ space與sky，heaven有何區(qū)別？
［答］不可以。這三個(gè)詞之間是有區(qū)別的。
space意為“太空”時(shí)，指地球大氣層以外的空間。常用單數(shù)形式，且不加冠詞，但如在space或outer space之前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，則要用定冠詞。如：
in space在太空
in the airless outer space在沒有空氣的外層空間里
put ／send up ／look into space發(fā)送入／觀察太空
space表示兩物間的距離或時(shí)間間隔意義時(shí)，常與定冠詞連用.如：
in the space of a moment一瞬間
Put this chair in the space between the two tables．請(qǐng)把這把椅子放在兩張桌子中間。
sky意為“天空”，指大氣層內(nèi)外的空間，常有定冠詞修飾。如：
There are some planes，clouds and birds in the sky．天空中有些飛機(jī)、云彩和鳥。
We can see many stars in the sky at night from the earth．我們夜間從地球上可以看見天空中有許多星星。
heaven多指宗教色彩的“天”，意為“天堂，天國(guó)”，大寫時(shí)等于God。其復(fù)數(shù)形式可與定冠詞連用，意為“天空，蒼天”。如：
It was the will of Heaven．是天意。
Thank Heaven，you were not killed．感謝蒼天，你未被殺死。
［教材］First，it must be very light，the lighter the better．．．
［考題］If we had followed his plan，we could have done the job better with ____ money and_____ people．（MET 90）
鶤．less；less鶥．fewer；fewer鶦．less；fewer鶧．fewer；less
簡(jiǎn)析］答案C。該題主要考查形容詞比較級(jí)的用法。money為不可數(shù)名詞，用little修飾；people為可數(shù)名詞，用few修飾。
［教材］A satellite is an object， either natural or man-made，which travels in an orbit round another object in space．
［考題］Beyond ____ stars，the astronauts saw nothing but ______ space．（NMET90）
鶤．the；不填鶥．不填；the鶦．不填；不填鶧．the；the
［簡(jiǎn)析］答案A。該題主要考查冠詞的用法，在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前應(yīng)使用定冠詞，如the earth， the sun，the sea，the sky。但在space前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。
［教材］The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space．
［考題］I don't think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．（MET90）
鶤．this鶥．that鶦．its鶧．it
［簡(jiǎn)析］答案D。該題主要考查動(dòng)詞不定式的替代。因句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，可使用it替代不定式作形式主語或賓語。
［教材］There were three people from whom we attempted to find out information．
［考題］He ____ to escape from the prison，but he couldn't find anybody to help．
鶤．succeeded鶥．a(chǎn)ttempted鶦．a(chǎn)dvised鶧．offered
［簡(jiǎn)析］該題主要考查動(dòng)詞適用的句型。succeed和advise不能后接不定式作賓語，它們適用的句型為：1、succeed in（doing）sth．；2、advisedoing sth．或advise sb．to do sth．。
而offer to do sth．表示“主動(dòng)幫助做某事”，attempt to do sth．表示“盡力去做某事，但不一定能成功”，故答案為B。
［教材］The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth's air．
［考題］The government will _______the working conditions of the workers．
鶤．look for鶥．look up鶦．look into鶧．look out
［簡(jiǎn)析］該題主要考查對(duì)look構(gòu)成的詞組的辨析。look for“尋找”； look up“查閱”；look out“當(dāng)心”，都不合題意。look into“調(diào)查”，符合題意，故選C。
Unit14詞語辨析：invent,discover,find,find out
invent意“發(fā)明”，針對(duì)“原本不存在（只是首次制作成的）”而言；
discover是針對(duì)“原本存在，只是未被發(fā)現(xiàn)或未被人們所知”而言；
find是針對(duì)“原以為人知道的事或物”而言；
find out是針對(duì)“發(fā)現(xiàn)一種無形而隱藏的東西，有意識(shí)地去查明，弄清楚一種事實(shí)”而言。
如： Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876．亞歷山大格雷姆貝爾于1876年發(fā)明了電話。
We discovered her to be a good cook．我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她是個(gè)烹飪好手。
He has not found the missing child yet．他還沒有找到那個(gè)失蹤的小孩。
You'd better go and find out when the train is leaving．你最好去弄清楚火車什么時(shí)候離開。
第14單元重難點(diǎn)問答
1．1）I feel like going to a museum．我想去博物館。2）Which museum would you like to visit？你想?yún)⒂^哪個(gè)博物館呢？
［問］上述兩句中的feel like和would like都可作“想要，愿意”解，為什么一個(gè)后接V-ing形式，而另一個(gè)要接不定式呢？
［答］因?yàn)閒eel like中的like是介詞，后應(yīng)跟名詞、代詞或V-ing形式；而would like中的like是動(dòng)詞，其后須接不定式。如：
Do you feel like having a walk with me？＝Would you like to have a walk with me？跟我一道去散散步怎么樣？
2．So far as I know，it's free．據(jù)我所知，那個(gè)博物館是不收門票的。
［問］如何理解和使用so far as？
［答］so／as far as用以引導(dǎo)程度狀語從句，常可譯為“在……范圍（程度，限度）內(nèi)”。本句中So far as I know作“據(jù)我所知”解，常看作是一個(gè)插入語，常用逗號(hào)與主句分開使用。如：
So／As far as I know，he will be away for three months．據(jù)我所知，他將離開三個(gè)月。
He will help you as far as he can．他會(huì)盡力幫助你。
此外，so／as far as也可表示“到達(dá)某一地點(diǎn)”的意思。如：
He walked as far as the post office．他走到了郵局。
I can't go as ／so far as you．我不能跟你走那么遠(yuǎn)。
3．First，it must be very light，the lighter the better，because it has to be sent up into space by a rocket．首先，它必須很輕，越輕越好，因?yàn)樾l(wèi)星須得用火箭把它送入太空。
［問］請(qǐng)分析句中the lighter the better的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。
［答］這是一個(gè)“the＋adj．／adv．的比較級(jí)，the＋adj．／adv．的比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)前面是從句，后面是主句，前呼后應(yīng)，表示“越……，就越……”，這種句型常可用省略形式。如：
The more you practise，the better you'll play．你會(huì)愈練愈精。
The more（there is），the better（it is）．越多越好。
4．They can tell the difference between healthy plants and plants that are diseased．它們（攝像機(jī)）還可以識(shí)別健康植物和患病植物之間的差異。
［問］句中tell作“辨別，分辨”解時(shí)，有哪些用法呢？
［答］tell作上述意義解時(shí)，常搭配成“tell the difference between A and B”和“tell A from B”來使用，二者都可表示“辨別A B”或“分清A B的區(qū)別”的意思。如：
Can you tell the difference between Tom and his twin brother？＝Can you tell Tom from his twin brother？你能分清湯姆和他的孿生兄弟嗎？
介詞+which/whom結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
在定語從句中，有時(shí)引導(dǎo)定語從句的既可以是where或when，也可以是介詞＋which／whom。其中，介詞＋ which／whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句的現(xiàn)象常令同學(xué)們無所適從，不知道該用哪個(gè)介詞。那么，介詞從何而來呢？下面我們就此問題分析講解一下。
一、當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語時(shí)，可使用介詞＋which／whom的結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)從句。指物時(shí)，只能用which；指人時(shí)，只能用whom。例如：
She is the very girl with whom I went to the conference last week．她就是我上周一同去開會(huì)的那個(gè)女孩。
He made a telescope through which he could observe the stars ．他做了個(gè)望遠(yuǎn)鏡，用其觀察星座。
但是，若該介詞與其前的動(dòng)詞是一固定詞組，則通常不拆散該詞組，該介詞仍位于定語從句的句中或句末。此時(shí)，指人時(shí)，可用who或whom；指物時(shí)，可用 which或that，且多可省略。例如：
This is the girl（who／whom） they have taken good care of for over a year ．這是他們已精心照料一年多的那個(gè)女孩。（take care of為固定詞組，不可拆開）
Skating is the sport（which ／that） people go in for in winter ．滑冰是人們冬季喜歡從事的運(yùn)動(dòng)。（go in for為固定詞組，不可拆開）
該結(jié)構(gòu)既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如：
She is telling a story about Lei Lei ，of whom every one of our class is proud．她在講述雷雷的故事，雷雷是我們?nèi)嗤瑢W(xué)都為之感到自豪的人。
二、先行詞（短語）在定語從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，定語從句可用關(guān)系副詞 when，where引導(dǎo)，也可使用介詞＋which引導(dǎo)。例如：
Do you still remember the day when（on which）we met for the first time？你還記得我們初次相見的那一天嗎？
This is the factory where（in which）my uncle works ．這是我叔叔工作的那家工廠。
但是，表示原因的the reason why，the reason（that）不可換用the reason for which。例如：
He has broken his leg．That's the reason why／that（不可用for which）he isn't here today．他摔斷了腿，那就是他今天沒來的原因。
另外，表示方式的the way（in which ／that）不可換成the way how。例如：
I don't like the way（that／in which）she speaks ．我不喜歡她說話的方式。（該句不可說成：I don't like the way how she speaks ．）
三、注意該結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句的區(qū)別
介詞＋which／whom結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句易與并列句相混淆，試比較如下：
他有兩個(gè)兒子，現(xiàn)都在北京工作。
He has two sons ，both of whom are working in Bei jing now．
He has two sons ；both of them are working in Bei jing now．（注意句中是分號(hào)，而非逗號(hào)）
He has two sons ，and／but both of them are working in Bei jing now．
四、注意該結(jié)構(gòu)與介詞后接賓語從句的區(qū)別
介詞后接賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)極易與該結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆，試比較如下：
1．He was praised for what he had done．（what引導(dǎo)的為賓語從句）
He was praised for the things（deeds）which ／that he had done．（which／that引導(dǎo)的為定語從句，賓語從句換為定語從句時(shí)，需要加一先行詞，故不可說：He was praised for which he had done．）
介詞+關(guān)系代詞的定語從句精練簡(jiǎn)析
本單元的語法項(xiàng)目是定語從句。本期第一面對(duì)介詞 ＋which／whom結(jié)構(gòu)的用法進(jìn)行了講解。你是否掌握了呢？仔細(xì)分析以下定語從句，然后選擇最佳答案。
1．The temperature point is the temperature______ water changes into ice．
A．a(chǎn)t which鶥．on that鶦．in which鶧．of what
2．The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair．
A．a(chǎn)bout what B．of which鶦．in which鶧．for what
3．We admired him for the way______鷋e faced his difficulties．
A．in which鶥．in that鶦．which鶧．how
4．A telephone directory is a book ____ you can look up a person's telephone number．
A．which鶥．with which鶦．by which鶧．in which
5．He was the man______鶰aster of the Gamewas translated．
A．by whom鶥．by who鶦．by whose鶧．by him
6．The old man ____ yesterday is a scientist．
A．I spoke鶥．I spoke to鶦．whom I spoke鶧．that I spoke to him
7．Could you tell me______鷜ou have bought this fur coat for？
A．whom鶥．for whom鶦．for which鶧．where
8．Is this the book ____ she was looking for？
A．which鶥．where鶦．when鶧．the one
9．The babies ____ the nurse is looking after are very healthy．
A．which鶥．whom鶦．a(chǎn)fter which D．whoever
10．I'll always remember the day______ I visited Professor Wang．
A．on which B．that鶦．which D．in which
11．I have never been to the house______鷐y uncle lives．
A．on which鶥．in which鶦．that鶧．in that
12．The reason ____ he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to．
A．which B．that鶦．to which D．for which
簡(jiǎn)析：
1．A。“在……溫度下”用介詞at。 2．B。“為……感到自豪”為feel proud of sth．。 3．A。in the way，“在……方式下”。 4．D。據(jù)題意為在電話本中查找號(hào)碼。 5．A。be translated by．．．，“被……翻譯”。 6．B。關(guān)系代詞省略。 7．A。 8．A。look for短語不能拆開。 9．B。10．A。on which ＝ when。 11．B。in which ＝ where。 12．D。for which ＝why。