Ⅳ 主謂一致

　　1． 主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞要與主語單、復(fù)數(shù)形式及人稱變化相一致。主要包括三方面：形式一致、意義一致、就近原則。

　　2． 單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若主語表示單數(shù)或整體概念時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)。

　　Time is money . / My book is new . / Our books are there . / His family isn't very large . / His family are all music lovers .

　　3． 有些名詞以"s"結(jié)尾，但謂用單數(shù)。（news, physics, maths, politics等） Maths is very important to us .

　　4． People, police, youth, cattle等常作復(fù)數(shù)處理。 The youth are full of living .

　　5． 既作單數(shù)又是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，可作單、復(fù)數(shù)。（sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese…）

　　There is one deer / are some deer in the zoo. / I met a Japanese in the street . / The Japanese I met in the street were friendly .

　　6． 當(dāng)主語是兩個(gè)名詞由and 連接時(shí)，若表示一種事物或一種概念時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。

　　The teacher and writer is coming（同一個(gè)人） . / The teacher and the writer are coming .(不同人)

　　7． 有every 或each 修飾的單數(shù)名詞并列時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，第二個(gè)every或each 可省略。Every boy and (every)girl has a new book.

　　8． 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢或數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，一般視為一個(gè)整體，謂語用單數(shù)。A hundred miles is a long distance .

　　9． 有些形容詞前加定冠詞構(gòu)成表示一類人的名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)處理。The rich are getting richer. / The blind are sitting on the road .

　　10． Number, population 等詞可作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，主要從意思決定。A number of books are new. / The number of books is 3,000.

　　The population of China is very large . / One third of the population here are workers.

　　11． 當(dāng)名詞后有with, together, like, but, except等介詞短語時(shí)，謂語隨名詞的數(shù)而變。 Tom with his parents has been to Beijing twice .

　　12． Each和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Each of us has an apple. / Somebody is using the photo.

　　13． What, who, which, any, more, most, all等代詞可以是單、復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思決定。Which is your room ? / Which are your rooms ?

　　14． "None 或none of+名詞（代詞）復(fù)數(shù)"可作單、復(fù)數(shù)，若名詞為不可數(shù)，則謂語只用單數(shù)。

　　None of the books are easy enough for us . / None of us has got a camera. / None of milk is good.

　　15．"Either, neither (+of +名（代）詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時(shí)，通常看作單數(shù)。Neither of us has been to HongKong . / Either answer is wrong .

　　16．"many a +單數(shù)名詞"或"more than one +單數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí)，謂語多用單數(shù)形式。More than one person has that kind of experience.

　　17．All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 All of meat is bad .

　　18．All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 Some of students are absent .

　　19．"one of +名（代）詞復(fù)數(shù)"為主時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)。One of the girls is from America .

　　20．"a pair of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時(shí)，謂語常用單數(shù)，若pair是pairs時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　21．"（a）part of +名詞"作主語時(shí)，若名詞是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)；若名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　22．"a group of +名詞"作主語時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)group 中的各成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　23．"a lot of /lots of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。

　　24．"most of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。

　　25．"plenty of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。

　　27．由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, or或there be + 名詞＋and + 名詞等連接的主語，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依最接近它的名詞詞組的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。

　　My parents or I am going to visit my grandparents .

　　Either your father or your mother has been to the Great Wall .

　　Neither you nor Lao Yang is to do the work .

　　There is a man and three children over there .

　　Not only you but also he knows that thing .

　　28．動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞－ing形式作主語時(shí)作單數(shù)處理。

　　To see you is very glad . = It is very glad to see you .

　　Taking means no holes .

　　Seeing is believing .

　　Finishing the work takes me a long time . = To finish the work takes me a long time . = It takes me a long time to finish the work .