王青
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語（7）
amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的
experience n. 經(jīng)歷
wave v. 招手
lift n. 搭便車
reply v. 回答
language n. 語言
journey n. 旅行
★amusing adj. 好笑的, 有趣的
The story is amusing. （好笑的）
amused adj. 感到好笑的（要笑出聲）
I am amused.
amuse v. 使發(fā)笑，使愉快
The story amused me.
funny adj. 好笑的（不一定要笑出聲可以指貶義），開心的，令人開心的
interesting / funny story
★experience n. 經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）；經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)）
① n. 經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）
He has a lot of experiences. （經(jīng)歷，可數(shù)名詞）
② n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)）
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job. （經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不可數(shù)名詞）
Does she have any experience in teaching?
③ vt. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)
Have you ever experienced anything like this?
The village has experienced great changes since 1980.
experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的
He is an experienced doctor.
★wave v. 招手
wave to sb. 向某人招手
★lift n. 搭便車
take a bus/taxi/lift 乘公共汽車/乘出租汽車/搭便車
B wants to take a lift. 某人想搭便車
I want to take a lift.
A give B a lift. 讓某人搭便車
The student gave me a lift.
thumb lift 拇指便車(向過路車輛豎起拇指表示要求免費(fèi)搭車)
★reply v. 回答
reply與answer 的區(qū)別：
① 作為不及物動(dòng)詞是一樣的:
He answered/replied.
② 作為及物動(dòng)詞就不一樣了:
answer sth.
answer the letter 回信
reply to sth.
I will reply to the letter. 回信
★language n. 語言
native language 母語
The native language is Chinese.
mother tongue 母語(口語中用)
My mother tongue is Chinese.
★journey n. 旅行
journey n. 所有的旅行，偏重于陸地旅行
go on a journey
2 hours' journey；3 days' journey(三天路程)
trip n. 短距離旅行或出差(時(shí)間或距離上較短)
go on a trip = go on business
travel n. 周游（長途旅行）
tour n. 游玩（為了玩）
tourist n. 游客
voyage n. 旅行(海上)
flight n. 空中飛行
【Text】
I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the
next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into
the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do
not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young
man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?' As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'
參考譯文
去年我有過一次有趣的經(jīng)歷. 在離開法國南部的一個(gè)小村莊后, 我繼續(xù)駛往下一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn). 途中, 一個(gè)青
年人向我招手. 我把車停下, 他向我提出要求搭車. 他一上車, 我就用法語向他問早上好, 他也同樣用法語
回答我. 除了個(gè)別幾個(gè)單詞外, 我根本不會(huì)法語. 旅途中我們誰也沒講話. 就要到達(dá)那個(gè)鎮(zhèn)時(shí), 那青年突然
開了口, 慢慢地說道: “你會(huì)講英語嗎?”我很快了解到, 他自己就是個(gè)英國人!
【課文講解】
1、After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.
after 引導(dǎo)的從句如果一個(gè)是過去時(shí)，一個(gè)是過去完成時(shí)，那一定是從句用過去完成時(shí)；before 引導(dǎo)的
從句表示“在……之前”，主句發(fā)生在從句之前, 主句用過去完成時(shí)。
drive on 繼續(xù)開往（on加在動(dòng)詞的后面表示繼續(xù)）
My heart will go on 《我心永恒》
drive to 開車去某地
副詞on緊跟在動(dòng)詞后面時(shí)可以表示“向前”、“繼續(xù)下去”等意義：
He talked on until everybody had gone. 他滔滔不絕地講到大家都走了。
I was reading when my friend called. After he had gone, I went on to read.
我朋友來看我時(shí)我正在看書。他走了以后我便繼續(xù)看書。
表達(dá)方位的表達(dá)方式一共有3個(gè)介詞, in（在……里面）,on（接壤），to（沒有相接的, 是相離的）
A is to the east of B A在B的東方（A與B不相接）
A is on the east of B A在B的東方（A與B接壤）
A is in the east of B A在B的東方（A在B的里面）
2、On the way, a young man waved to me.
on the way 在路上, 在途中
wave to sb. 沖某人揮手
3、As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same
language.
as soon as 一……就……，后面一定要加一個(gè)句子(時(shí)間狀語從句), 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎是連在一起
的，“一” 后面的先發(fā)生
As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once.
As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back.
只要是狀語從句, 一旦遇到將來時(shí), 變?yōu)橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)
As soon as you arrive,you must call me. 你一到就打我電話
表示用某種語言作為交際手段時(shí)介詞用in，表示講某種語言時(shí)可以不加介詞。
I speak English. I say a word in Chinese.
That book is written in German.
reply 要想加賓語要加to (+要回答的內(nèi)容)，而in the same language 在句中作狀語, 不是replay所應(yīng)回
答的問題(賓語), 故用in
4、Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.
apart from… 除……以外
not … at all 一點(diǎn)都不，表強(qiáng)調(diào)
I don't like it.
I don't like it at all.
5、I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?'
nearly 將要
when 的翻譯要看當(dāng)時(shí)的具體情況, 在這里譯為“就在此時(shí)”
I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there.
Do you speak English? 你說英語嗎? 你是說英語國家的人嗎?（問的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，不是問會(huì)說英語嗎）
Do you swim? 你去游泳嗎?
Can you swim? 你會(huì)游泳嗎?
6、As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'
I learn 我得知； I know 我知道(我本來就知道)
As+主語+動(dòng)詞，從句（As my mother said/As I heard/ As I learnt） 正如……
As we know,the New Concept English is very good. 正如我們所知……
As I think,it is the coldest day in the year.
As he said, English is easy to learn.
himself反身代詞單獨(dú)放在句尾, 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
I read English myself.
【Key structures】
過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)：由had+過去分詞構(gòu)成，它表示過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或情況，即“較
早的過去”。過去完成時(shí)一定要以一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)作鋪墊, 這個(gè)動(dòng)作一定要發(fā)生在had done之后。
在用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，常用連詞when，after，as soon as，until，by that time等。常與現(xiàn)在完成
時(shí)連用的副詞如already，just，never，never…before 也常與過去完成時(shí)連用，以強(qiáng)調(diào)事件發(fā)生的先后次序：
I didn’t know that she was a famous actress until you had told me.
The boys loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before.
在那些用過去完成時(shí)的句子中沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但通過上下文可以看出動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。
Exercises D (用正確的時(shí)態(tài)填空)
1 The moment he had said this, he ______ (regret) it.
the moment = as soon as 一……就……，后面直接加從句
2 It ______ (begin) to rain before she took a taxi.
before 引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí), 主句用過去完成時(shí)
【Special Difficulties】
Ask 與Ask For：
ask v. 問，詢問；請(qǐng)求，要求，邀請(qǐng)
ask a question/ask sb. 問（一個(gè)問題）/問某人
I asked (Mary) a question.
They asked Tony to sing a song.
They asked her to spend the weekend with them.
ask for 要，要求（某樣?xùn)|西）
ask for the answer
I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea.
You are always asking for help.
Except, Except for 與Apart from
三者都表示“除……以外”，有時(shí)可以互換，但except 不用于句首，except for 和apart from則可以。
Everyone has helped in some way apart from/except for/except you.
Apart from/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.
apart from習(xí)慣上喜歡放句首, apart from=except/besides
如果認(rèn)為整體之中做這件事情的人除了整體之外，還有這個(gè)人也做了（包括），是加號(hào)=besides；如果
認(rèn)為整體之中做這件事情的人除了整體之外，這個(gè)人沒有做（排除），是減號(hào)=except；如果放在句首，統(tǒng)
一用apart from代替except/besides
All the passengers are millionaire except us. （減號(hào)）
I invited everyone except George. / Except for George I invited everyone.
Except for/apart from this, everything is in order.
except for含有對(duì)整體中的某一個(gè)方面不滿意，except for 可以不放在句首, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體當(dāng)中某一方面除外,
剩下的整體都不錯(cuò)
The article is very good except for his handwriing.
Except for his height, he is very excellent.
Which of，Either of，Neigher of與Both of
上面這些短語都可用于指兩個(gè)人或兩件事
either of 兩者當(dāng)中的任何一個(gè)
neither of 兩者都不
which of 那一個(gè)
both of 兩者都
① 當(dāng)詢問在兩個(gè)或更多的人或事物中偏愛哪一個(gè)或選擇哪一個(gè)時(shí)，可用which
I like both of these bags. Which of the two do you prefer?
② either 與neither 都是對(duì)兩個(gè)人或物而言（后接單數(shù)名詞）。either 指one or the other（不是這個(gè)就是那
個(gè)），either 和neither 后跟of時(shí)則指兩個(gè)事物中的每一個(gè)
either of sb. ……當(dāng)中的任何一個(gè)
neither of sb. ……當(dāng)中的任何一個(gè)都不（neither of（注意英音與美音的讀音）兩者之間都不, 一旦
出現(xiàn), 這句話里面不會(huì)再出現(xiàn)not）
I don't like the book. My sister doesn't like it either.
Neither of us likes it. (注意要用單數(shù))
Which bag shall I use?
Either of them. It doesn’t matter which. 哪個(gè)都行。用哪個(gè)都沒關(guān)系。
Neither of them. Use a suitcase. 哪個(gè)都不行。用個(gè)手提箱吧。
③ both只指兩個(gè)人或物。當(dāng)它用在名詞前時(shí)，of 可有可無；當(dāng)用在代詞前面時(shí)，其后必須加of
Both books/Both of the books are interesting.
Both of us/them left early.
④none of 三者或三者以上之間都不
Exercise
5 He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for).
either of（前面有not, 故只能選either of） , asked
【Multiple choice questions】
6 I speak a few words of French. I don't know ___b___ French.
a. many b. much c. plenty of d. a little
French不可數(shù), 不能用many
plenty of 足夠多的；not…plenty of 不夠多
not much = a little 一些
not a little = much 很多
7 Neither of us spoke. We ___c___ .
a. neither spoke b. either spoke
c. both didn't speak d. neither didn't speak
neither 不會(huì)和not連用；不能說we neither，只能說neither of us
either 任何一個(gè)
both 兩者都
we both/ both of us 兩個(gè)都
11 He replied in French. He ___b___ the writer in French.
a. responed b. answered c. returne d. remarked
responded和replied用法一樣，replied后面加賓語一定要加to，answer可以直接加賓語
9 The young man waved to the writer. He ___c___ him.
a. salute b. greeted c. signalled to d. nodded
salute v. 行軍禮, 軍人的問候
The soldier saluted his officer. 士兵的問候
greet v. 問候； signal v. 發(fā)出信號(hào)
10 He asked for a lift. He was a ___b___.
a. tramp b. hitch hiker c. passenge d. foreigner
tramp n. 流浪漢；hitch hiker 搭便車的人；passenger n. 乘客(指要付車錢的那種)
12 The writer had ___b___ reached the town when the young man spoke.
a.often b.almost c.sometimes d.just as
almost=nearly
just as+時(shí)間從句正當(dāng)……時(shí)候