知識梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 airline uncomfortable phenomenon Brazil downtown *commercial avenue disappointed altitude surrounding guarantee breath taking downhill inexpensive feast dip gym shore budget rate visa arrangement passport cheque *currency sight *seasoned *accommodation central arrival entry mental physical depression civil greedy trader unemployment unrest *sacrifice *reconstruction former recover demonstration fierce *funeral shoot vain dawn overcome insist bookstore gather plain kilogram clothing chief afterwards widespread rot supply chain willing *category
詞組 every now and then get tired of aim at in vain insist on on sale in turn have an effect on
語法 復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞
Ⅱ.重點精講
●重點單詞
1.recover
例句集錦
vt.
He is beginning to recover his strength.
他開始恢復(fù)體力。
It was some hours before she recovered consciousness.
過了幾個小時她才恢復(fù)知覺。
I almost fell but managed to recover myself.
我?guī)缀醯梗�是設(shè)法站穩(wěn)了。
vi.
After a few days of fever,he began to recover.
發(fā)燒幾天后，他開始康復(fù)。
My boss is recovering from a heart attack.
我的老板心臟病發(fā)作，正在恢復(fù)中。
After this war,the country will take a long time to recover.
經(jīng)過這場戰(zhàn)爭，這個國家將需要很長時間才能恢復(fù)正常。
用法歸納
*recover可用作及物動詞和不及物動詞，意為：恢復(fù)（能力、知覺、對情緒的控制、活動能力）；恢復(fù)健康，恢復(fù)正常。
2.insist
例句集錦
vi.
He insisted on his correctness.
他堅持說他是對的。
He insisted on checking every item.
他堅持要檢查每一個項目。
-Let me pay.
讓我付吧。
-All right,if you insist.
好吧，如果你堅持的話。
vt.
She insisted that she（should）go at once.
她堅持她要馬上去。
They insisted that everyone should come to the party.
他們堅決要求每人都要來參加晚會。
He insisted that he was innocent.
他極力說他是無辜的。
Mike insisted that he was right.
邁克堅持說自己是正確的。
用法歸納
*insist可用作及物動詞與不及物動詞，它有兩個義項：堅持要；堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為。用及物動詞時主要搭配形式為：+that從句；用作不及物動詞時為：+ on+名詞或動名詞。
特別提示
insist+that從句中用“should+動詞原形”只表示堅持要。如表示堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為，則不用虛擬形式。
3．supply
例句集錦
n..
Chocolate was in short supply during the war.
戰(zhàn)爭期間巧克力供應(yīng)不足。
water/gas/electricity supply 水/煤氣/電力供應(yīng)
During the drought some households had their water supply cut off.
在干旱期間有些住戶的自來水供應(yīng)被中斷。
vt.
They were arrested for supplying drugs to street dealers.
他們因給街頭的毒品販子提供毒品而被逮捕。
He supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime.
他向警方提供了涉案人員名單。
用法歸納
*supply 可用作名詞和及物動詞，意思為：供應(yīng)，供應(yīng)品；提供。
有時還可用作形容詞，表示“供給的，代理的”，如：“a supply pipe供給管；a supply teacher代課老師
特別提示
該詞在表示提供之意時常用作：supply sth.to sb./supply sb.with sth.。
4.guarantee
例句集錦
n.
This camera comes with a year’s guarantee.
這照相機(jī)有一年的保用期。
This copier has a three-month guarantee for all repairs.
這臺復(fù)印機(jī)有三個月的各種修理保證。
He put up his house as a guarantee.
他提供房子作為擔(dān)保。
Money is no guarantee of happiness.
金錢并非幸福的保證。
The best guarantee of peace is preparedness for war.
和平的最佳保證是備戰(zhàn)。
There is no guarantee that it will work.
沒有保證說它會奏效。
vt.
guarantee a person’s debt為某人的債務(wù)擔(dān)保
This refrigerator is guaranteed for five years.
這個冰箱保用5年。
He guaranteed this machine to work for five years.
他保證此機(jī)器可運轉(zhuǎn)5年。
用法歸納
*guarantee作名詞和及物動詞，主要義項有：保證，擔(dān)保；作為擔(dān)保之物；斷言，證實。
●重點短語
1.in turn
例句集錦
My wife and I caught flu in turn.
我太太和我相繼感冒。
The students called out their names in turn.
學(xué)生們依次報出自己的名字。
He asked each of us in turn to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.
他要我們每個人依次描述一下酒是如何影響自己生活的。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）by turns交替的，輪流的，依次地
That evening he was silly,witty,and mournful by turns.
那天晚上他先是傻乎乎的，然后變得妙趣橫生，最后又悲從心來。
We droved by turns.
我們輪流開車。
It snowed and blew by turns
風(fēng)雪交互襲來。
（2）take one’s turn輪流
We all took our turns rowing.
我們大家輪流劃船。
（3）take turns 又作 take it in turn
You’ll have to take turns being captain of the team.
你們得輪流當(dāng)球隊隊長。
特別提示
以上詞組均表示“依次、輪流”。但用法稍有區(qū)別，in turn主要意為依次地，by turns表示的內(nèi)容可重復(fù)進(jìn)行，均為介詞短語，而take one’s turn和take turns為動詞短語。另外，take turn及take one’s turn常需跟介詞（at/in）+ doing sth.。
2.have effect on
例句集錦
The accident had（produced）a good（bad）effect on her.
那件事對她有（產(chǎn)生）良好的（壞的）影響。
It will have an indirect effect on them.
那對他們將有間接影響。
My advice didn’t have much effect on him.
我的勸告對他沒有什么效果。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）come（go）into effect 生效
The law came into effect on October 1.
那項法律將在10月1日生效。
（2）bring/carry/put...into effect實行；實施
These measures will not be brought into effect until next month.
這些措施要到下個月才實施。
特別提示
名詞effect在固定詞組中一般不加冠詞。
3.every now and then/again=every so often
例句集錦
I still see her every now and then.
我時常能看見她。
I like to go to the movies now and then.
我喜歡偶爾去看電影。
Every now and then there is a quarrel.
不時會有爭吵。
相關(guān)歸納
now... now（then）...時而……時而……
It was now sunny,now（then）rainy.
天氣時晴時雨。
The eagle glided through the sky,now rising,now swooping.
鷹在天空中翱翔，時而向上急沖，時而向下猛撲。
4．on sale
例句集錦
Our products are on sale at any supermarket.
我們的產(chǎn)品各超級市場都在出售。
Stephen King’s new novel will go on sale next week.
斯帝芬金的新小說將于下星期發(fā)售。
I could only afford to buy the CD player because it was on sale.
只有大減價時我才買得起這臺CD播放器。
The supermarket has pork on sale today.
那家超市今天的豬肉特價。
These ten-dollar shirts are now on sale for five.
這些10美元的襯衫現(xiàn)在特價5美元。
相關(guān)歸納
for sale（尤指個人的）出售；待售
The hotel is up for sale.
那家旅館要出售。
not for sale（告示）非賣品
Excuse me,are these for sale?
請問，這些是準(zhǔn)備出售的嗎？
There was a for sale sign in the yard.
院子里寫著“待售”字樣的牌子。
特別提示
on sale指在商店等待出售，上市；而for sale尤指個人的出售。
●必背句型
1.虛擬條件句中省略if的用法
教材原句
Should you have enough energy left after a day on the slopes,you can take a dip in the pool,work out at the gym or go dancing in one of the city’s many hotels and clubs.
經(jīng)過一天的滑雪，如果你還有足夠的精力的話，那么你可以去水池里游一游，或是……
特別提示
注意在虛擬條件句中若省略if,那么其余成分要部分倒裝，即將were,had或should移至句首。
補充例句
（1）Were I you（=If I were you）,I would take the job.
如果我是你的話，我就接受那份工作。
（2）Were it not for the sun（=If it were not for the sun）,nothing could exist on the earth.
如果沒有太陽，世界上將什么都不存在。
（3）Had they not helped us（=If they had not helped us）,we wouldn’t have succeeded.
如果沒有他的幫助，我們就不會成功。
（4）Should it rain tomorrow（=If it should tomorrow）,what would you do?
如果明天下雨，你們怎么辦？
（5）Should the teacher come,she could answer all the questions.
老師如果來的話，她會回答所有的問題。
特別提示
此句型一般多用于書面語；條件從句沒有were,had 或should等助動詞時，不能通過添加did的方式構(gòu)成倒裝。
2.see的一個特殊用法
教材原句
The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr. King was shot to death in 1968.
在20世紀(jì)60年代，這座城市目睹了一系列的黑人與白人之間的激戰(zhàn)和在1968年金先生槍殺。
特別提示
動詞see可以以地點或時間作主語，表示某地或某時“經(jīng)歷”“發(fā)生”“目睹”了某事。
（1）The year 1976 saw a disastrous earthquake in Tangshan.
1976年發(fā)生了唐山大地震。
（2）Dusk saw the little boy wandering in the street.
黃昏時發(fā)現(xiàn)這個小孩在街上行走。
（3）China saw a wild spread of SARS in the year 2003.
2003年中國大面積爆發(fā)了“非典”。
（4）The following year saw the death of both of her parents.
第二年她的父母雙雙離開了人間。
疑難突破
1.know,know about/of
know sth.與know about/of sth.的區(qū)別在于：know sth.表示直接“認(rèn)識”或“知道”某事物；而know about sth.表示“得知，了解”有關(guān)某事物的情況，“某事物”不是直接知道或認(rèn)識的對象。
應(yīng)用
（1）While they are my neighbours,I do not ______them well.
（2）I don’t know him but I ______him.
（3）A teacher,above all,should ______how to deal with the problems taking place in class correctly.
（4）Nothing is______his early life in Holland.
（5）Do you ______anyone here who is able to speak several foreign languages?
答案：（1）know （2）know of/about （3）know （4）known about （5）know of/about
2.sight,scenery,scene,view
sight表示“風(fēng)景，名勝”，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，指人文景觀；scene意為“景色，景象”，通常指某一處的自然風(fēng)光；scenery是scene（“風(fēng)景，景色”）的總稱；view表示“景色，風(fēng)景”時，側(cè)重從觀看者的角度一眼所看到的景色，是一種動態(tài)的“景色”。
應(yīng)用
（1）Sunday will be kept free for you to enjoy the ______of one of the world’s most famous cities.
（2）The ______up at the lake is just breath-taking.
（3）The mountain ______is（=scenes are）typical of Scotland.
（4）The ______is cut off by the next building.
（5）From the top of the building,you can get a full ______of the city.
答案：（1） sights （2）scenes （3）scenery （4）view （5）view
3.choose,select,pick（out）,elect
choose與select有時可以通用，但select強調(diào)在比較廣泛的范圍內(nèi)，從很多對象中經(jīng)過斟酌、考慮，挑選出最合適、最滿意的；強調(diào)客觀的優(yōu)劣。pick out 多用于口語，常常表示按照個人的喜好或要求進(jìn)行選擇。elect表示“選擇，選舉”，為正式用語。常指有意識地、按照一定的法律或規(guī)章制度，用投票或其他方式選擇或選舉出，通常后接復(fù)合賓語，其賓語補足語是被選舉的職務(wù)。
應(yīng)用
（1）There are many designs for us to ______.
（2）I have ______them because of the colors.
（3）If he ______to leave,let him do so.
（4）You may ______any two books listed here.
（5）It was in 1976 that John Adams was ______President.
（6）We ______him our monitor.
答案：（1）select （2）chosen （3）chooses （4）pick out （5）elected （6）elected
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全國卷Ⅲ，27）Alice returned from the manager’s office,______me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A.having told B.tells C.to tell D.telling
剖析：本題考查非謂語動詞用法。分詞作狀語常用逗號和其他成分分開，而不定式則不用。
答案：D
【例2】 （2004年天津，31）-Who is the girl standing over there?
-Well,if you ______know,her name is Mabel.
A.may B.can C.must D.shall
剖析：情態(tài)動詞must表示“必須，一定要”，在此句中符合語境，如果你一定要知道的話，她名叫“Mabel”。
答案：C
【例3】 Prices of daily goods______through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
剖析：分析句子成分可知，prices of daily goods是句子的主語，其謂語動詞是后面的can be,而“______through a computer”只作定語，daily goods和buy是被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。
答案：B