Unit 5 It must belong to Carla.

Part 1: Teaching design (第一部分：教學設計)

Structures: Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences

Target language: Whose volleyball is this?

It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball.

It could be Ted’s.

Vocabulary: picnic, chase, escape, belong to, toy car, plate, mystery, appointment, worried, wake, neighbor, garbage

Learning strategies: Sequencing, Deducing

SECTION A

Goals

●To learn must, might, could and can’t for making inferences

●To listen and speak making inferences

Procedures

Warming up by learning about modal verbs

Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity.

CAN, COULD, WILL, WOULD, SHALL, SHOULD, OUGHT TO, DARE and NEED are some examples.

eg: I would have told you, if you had wanted me to.

eg: Yes, I can do that.

must

certainty 1. That must be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair.

2. That must have been the right restaurant. There are no other restaurants on this street.

3. NO FUTURE FORM 1. That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair.

2. That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there is another one around here somewhere.

3. NO FUTURE FORM have to

1a Looking and writing

Hello, class. On page 34 is a picture with many things in it. Write the things you see in the correct columns in the chart.

1b Listening and matching

You are going to listen and match on page 34 each person with a thing and a reason. Pay attention to the use of MUST in the sentences.

Tapescript

Girl 1: Whose volley ball is this?

Boy 1: It must be Carla’s. She loves volley ball.

Girl 2: Oh, that toy car must belong to Jane’s little brother. He was the only little kid at the picnic. And the magazine must belong to Dengwen. He loves cats.

Boy 1: Oh, and look, someone left a book.

Girl 2: Oh, yeah… This book must be Mary’s. Hemingway is her favorite author.

Girl 1: OK… and how about this CD?

Girl 2: Hmmmm… The CD must belong to Grace. She always listens to classical music.

1c Doing pairwork

In pairs practice the conversation in the picture on page 34

Then make conversations using information in the chart in 1b.

Whose volleyball is this? It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball.

Whose books are these? They must be Mary’s. The man is her favorite author.

Whose CD is this? It must be Grace’s. She likes listening to classical music.

Next is the conversation making inferences.

Girl 1: Whose toy car is this?

Boy 1: It must be Deng Wen’s. He loves toy car.

Girl 2: Oh, that CD must belong to Grace’s little brother. He was the only little kid at the picnic. And the book must belong to Grace. He loves cats.

Boy 1: Oh, and look, someone left a magazine.

Girl 2: Oh, yeah… This magazine must be Carla’s. She likes reading magazine in English.

Girl 1: OK… and how about this volleyball?

Girl 2: Hmmmm… The volleyball must belong to Mary. She always plays volleyball after school.

2a Listening and writing

Bob and Anna found a backpack outside their school gate. Listen to their conversation and write down the things found in the backpack. Pay attention to the uses of modeal verbs making inferences.

Tapescript

Bob: Oh, look! Whose backpack do you think this is?

Anna: I don’t know. Look, here’s a school T-shirt.

Bob: Well then, the person must go to our school. Oh! Here is a hair band, so the person can’t be a boy.

Anna: It could be Kumi’s hair band. She has long hair.

Bob: Or the hair band might belong to Linda. She was at the picnic, wasn’t she?

Anna: Yes, she was. But then the backpack could belong to Rita. She’s always forgetting things.

Bob: Then it must be Linda’s backpack. She has long hair and she’s on the tennis team.

Bob: You’re right!

2b Listening and filling

Next you are to listen to the tape once again. Fill in the blanks with modal verbs you hear used to making inferences.

2c Filling and telling

On page 35 is a chart in which you will see 8 sentences. A word is missing from each sentence. Fill in a word from this unit.

The notebook must be Ming’s. It was on her desk.

The homework can’t be Carol’s. She wasn’t at school today.

The soccer ball might be John’s or Tony’s. They both play soccer, don’t they?

The French book must be Li Ying’s. She’s the only one who’s studying French.

I can’t find my backpack. It might be still at school.

The photo must be Lu’s. Those are his parents.

The red bicycle can’t be Hu’s. She has a blue bicycle.

This ticket might be my aunt’s or uncle’s. They’re both going to the concert.

3a Reading, numbering and circling

On page 36 you see a box. In it is a thank-you message from Linda to Anna. Read it, number the 5 parts and circle the words you don’t know.

Subject: Thanks! From: Linda

_④_ If you have any idea where it might be, please call me.

_②_ I think I dropped it during the concert so it might still be in the symphony hall.

_⑤_ I tried to call you but your mom said you were still at your optometrist appointment ( I hope you new glasses look nice!).

_③_ I really need it because I have a math test on algebra tomorrow. It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30% to the final exam.

_①_ I’m really anxious, because I can’t find my backpack.

Thanks,

Linda

3b Doing pairwork

In pairs talk about the words you don’t understand. You can use “can’t”, “must”,” could” or “might”.

A: What do you think “anxious” mean?

B: Well, it can’t mean “happy”.

A: It might mean “worried”.

B: Oh, yes. She’s worried because of her test.

A: What do you think “concert” mean?

B: Well, it can’t mean “music”.

A: It might mean “a performance of music by players or singers”.

B: Oh, yes. She was in the symphony hall.

4 Doing pairwork

In pairs talk about the things from the backpack on page 37. You are going to make guesses about the owner of the backpack.

A: Here’re some earrings. The owner can’t be a boy.

B: Well, it could be a boy. The earrings might be a present for his mother.

A: Here’s a school T-shirt. The owner must be a student.

B: Well, it could be a classmate of ours. The school T-shirt is the same as ours.

A: Here’s a hair band. The owner can’t be a boy.

B: Well, it could be a boy. The hair band might be a present for his mother.

Closing down by looking and saying

Look at the picture below and say what is happening in the classroom.

SECTION B

Goals

●To learn Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences

●To use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences in listening, speaking, reading and writing

Procedures

1 Looking and writing

Hello, class. Have you ever seen any UFOs or aliens? What are they? How do they look?

Now turn to page 37, look at the pictures and write a sentence about each picture. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.

The UFO is land. It is coming down from the sky!

The terrible, ugly, frightening alien is chasing the two people.

The frightened man is looking back at the alien.

A woman with camera is shooting films.

They must be making a movie.

…

2a Listening and numbering

To know more about the UFO and aliens you shall listen to a recording. While listening pay attention to the uses of Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences and try to number the pictures on page 37.

Tapescript

Man: Hey, look at the man running down the street. I wonder what’s happening?

Woman: He could be running for exercise

Man: But he’s wearing a suit.

Woman: Well, he might be late for work.

Man: He looks kind of scared.

Woman: Oh, no! What’s that?

Man: Where?

Woman: There’s something in the sky.

Man: It could be a helicopter.

Woman: No, it cant’ be a helicopter. It’s too big. It must be a UFO.

Man: A UFO? What’s going on?

Woman: Look, now the UFO is landing…

Man: And there’s a strange creature getting out. It must be an alien.

Woman: And the alien is chasing the man! I must be dreaming.

Man: Maybe we should call the police. (pause) Hey, wait a minute. What’s that?

Woman: Where?

Man: Over there.

Woman: It’s a woman with a camera.

Man: She could be from the TV news.

Woman: No, look at all those other people. They’re actors. Oh! They must be making a movie.

2b Listening and completing

You are going to listen to the tape again and complete the sentences in the box on page 37. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.

They see… The man says… The woman says…

1. a man running He could be running for exercises. He might be late for work.

2. something in the sky It could be a helicopter. It must be a UFO.

3. a strange creature It must be an alien. I must be dreaming.

4. a woman with a camera She could be from the TV news.

They must be making a movie.

2c Doing pairwork

In pairs role play the conversations between the man and woman. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.

A: Why do you think the man is running?

B: He could be running for exercise.

A: No, he’s wearing a suit. He might be running to catch a bus.

B: There’s something in the sky. It could be a helicopter.

A: No, it cant’ be a helicopter. It must be a UFO.

B: And there’s a strange creature getting out. It must be an alien.

A: I must be dreaming.

B: Look, there’s a woman with a camera.

A: She could be from the TV news.

B: Oh! They must be making a movie.

3a Reading and underlining

There’s a newspaper article here on page 38. Read it, underline what causes the strange things and circle all the expressions used.

Strange events in Bell Tower neighborhood

Our neighborhood used to be very quiet. However, these days, strange things are happening in our neighborhood and everyone is unhappy. Zhou Gu, the local school teacher is extremely worried. When he was interviewed by the local newspaper, he said, “Every night we hear strange noises outside our window. My wife thinks that it could be an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers having fun. My parents called the police, but they can’t find anything strange. They think it might be the wind. I don’t think so！”

Zhou’s next door neighbor Qi Hui is unhappy too. “At first, I thought it might be a dog, but I can’t see a dog and I still hear the noises outside.” Everyone in our neighborhood is worried, and everyone has his or her ideas. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it?

3b Writing another paragraph

You have read the newspaper article about strange events in Bell Tower. Now using the notes on page 38 to write another paragraph about the events. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences in your writing.

“Late last night, we heard footsteps in the hallway. We thought that they might be the neighbors,” says one of the Chu family. “We thought it might be the wind. It can’t be someone trying to get in the window.” “You are all mistaken. This early morning I found garbage in front of my house, so it might be the cats making trouble and causing the strange things happening in our Bell Tower,” shouted Xiao Ning.

3c Looking and finishing

Now please look at the headline in the box on page 38 and finish the article about the strange events in Bell Tower. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.

No more mystery in Bell Tower neighborhood

We now know what was happening in Bell Tower Neighborhood.

The director of the local zoo says that three monkeys escaped from the zoo and ran into the very quiet Bell Tower neighborhood. These days they caused many strange things in the neighborhood and everyone was unhappy.

Zhou Gu, the local school teacher was extremely worried. He said that every night they heard strange noises outside their window. His wife thought that it could be an animal, but his friends and he thought it must be teenagers having fun. His parents called the police, but they couldn’t find anything strange. They thought it might be the wind.

Zhou’s next door neighbor Qi Hui was unhappy too. At first, he thought it might be a dog, but he couldn’t see a dog and he still heard the noises outside.

Everyone in our neighborhood was worried, and everyone had his or her ideas. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what was it?

Now everyone knows it was the three monkeys who escaped from the zoo running into the very quiet Bell Tower neighborhood and caused the many strange things.

4 Doing groupwork

Tell your classmates about a recent dream and let them guess what the dream might mean. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.

A: In my dream, I was swimming in an ocean of paper.

B: Maybe it means you’re afraid of too much homework.

A: In my dream, I was running down the street.

B: Maybe it means you’re afraid of something strange.

A: In my dream, I was running for exercise.

B: Maybe it means you’re afraid of being ill.

A: In my dream, I was wearing a suit in the daytime.

B: Maybe it means you’re afraid of being late for work.

A: In my dream, I was looking kind of scared.

B: Maybe it means you saw something strange in the sky yesterday morning.

A: In my dream, I saw a UFO was landing.

B: Maybe it means you wanted to go to the sky.

A: In my dream, I found an alien chasing me!

B: Maybe it means you are fond of making a movie!

Closing down by writing a newspaper article

Here are some pictures. Look at them and write a newspaper article. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.

SELF CHECK

1 Filling the blanks

On page 39 you will see 5 sentences. Now read them and fill in each blank with a correct word given. Make necessary changes to the form.

Then make your own sentence with each word.

(Key: 1. favorite 2. careful 3. worried 4. anxious 5. strange)

Your own sentences might be:

1. I’m very anxious about it.

2. These days, everyone is extremely worried about the weather.

3. We hear strange noises outside our classroom.

4. You are not very careful of the aliens swimming in the river.

fun.

5. My parents are my favorite teachers of English.

2 Read the proverbs and tell what they mean. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.

1. One finger cannot lift a small stone. Maybe it means only one person alone can’t do a thing very well.

2. When an ant says “ocean”, he’s talking about a small pool. Maybe it means different persons might have different understanding of the same thing.

3. It is less of a problem to be poor than to be dishonest. Maybe it means being dishonest could be worse than being poor.

4. Be careful of the person who does not talk, and the dog that does not bark. Maybe it means the person who does not talk, and the dog that does not bark must be more dangerous.

5. You can’t wake a person who is pretending to be asleep. Maybe it means a bad person can’t be stopped from doing bad things.

6. Tell me and I’ll forget. Show me, and I may not remember. Let me try, and I’ll understand. Maybe it means doing is learning, and teaching might not be very effective.

7. Don’t let yesterday use up too much of today. Maybe it means what was done yesterday can’t be changed.

8. He who would do great things should not attempt them all alone. Maybe it means one can’t do a great thing alone all by oneself.

3 Circling the odd word

On page 39 is a box with 5 groups of words. Read them and circle the one that does not belong.

1.escape owner chase run

2.picnic lunch dinner alien

3.land apple ice cream chicken

4.creature alien exercise visitor

5.lost grass tree flower

Just for fun!

Look at the UFO photos below and write a paragraph for each of them. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.

1967年6月10日羅德島上空出現的飛碟

1951年8月31日美國德克薩斯州出現的飛碟組

Part 2: Teaching Resources (第二部分：教學資源)

I. What is UFO?

A UFO or unidentified flying object in the original, literal sense is any airborne object or optical phenomenon, detected visually or by radar, whose nature is not readily known. Interest in these objects stems from continued speculation that some of them may be the products of extraterrestrial intelligence.

A UFO -- fact or fiction?

Perhaps the best scientifically accepted definition of a UFO was provided by the late astronomer Dr. J. Allen Hynek: "A UFO is the reported perception of an object or light seen in the sky or upon the land the appearance, trajectory, and general dynamic and luminescent behaviour of which do not suggest a logical, conventional explanation and which is not only mystifying to the original percipients but remains unidentified after close scrutiny of all available evidence by persons who are technically capable of making a common sense identification, if one is possible."

II.What is Alien or Extraterrestrial life?

Extraterrestrial life is life that may exist and originate outside our planet Earth. Its existence is currently hypothetical: there is as yet no evidence of extraterrestrial life that has been widely accepted by scientists.

Speculative forms of extraterrestrial life range from humanoid and monstrous beings seen in works of science fiction to life at the much smaller scale of bacteria and viruses.

Extraterrestrial life forms, especially intelligent ones, are often referred to in popular culture as aliens or ETs. The putative study and theorisation of ET life is known as exobiology.

III. Exercises on modal verbs

1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing

　　A) needn't have washed　　B) shouldn't have washed　

　 C) must not have washed　　D) can not have washed

2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.

　　A) should study 　 B) should have studied　　

C) must have studied　　D) must have to study

3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)

A) can't have been　　 B) shouldn't have been　　

C) mustn't have been 　　D) wouldn't have been

4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.

A) must have sailed　　B) can sail　　

C) might have sailed　　D) should have sailed

5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.

A) should have been　　B) must have been　　

C) must be　　 D) should be

6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.

　　A) can't have changed　　B) wouldn't have changed

　　C) must have changed　　D) shouldn't have changed

7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.

A) needn't go　　B) had better not go　　

C) should not go　　D) needn't have gone

8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.

A) must receive　　B) ought to receive　　

C) must have received　　D) ought to have received

9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.

A) mustn't go　　B) shouldn't have gone 　

C) could not go　　D) couldn't have gone

10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.

A) should get up　　B) must get up　　

C) need to get up　　D) should have got up

11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.

　　A) needn't have eaten 　　B) couldn't have eaten

　　C) mustn't have eaten 　　D) shouldn't have eaten

12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.

A) had 　　B) would do　　

C) should have 　　D) might have to

13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.

A) might have asked　　B) should asked　　

C) must have asked 　　D) should have asked

14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.

A) ought to get　　B) ought to have got　　

C) must have got　　D) must get

15) The road was muddy. It____ last night.

A) must rained　　B) must have rained　　

C) must be rained　　D) could have rained

16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.

　　A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time

　　B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time

　　C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time

　　D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time

17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.

A) was used to be　　B) used to be　　

C) was used to　　D) use to

18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”

A) mustn't visit　　B) can't have visited　　

C) should have gone to see　　D) may see

19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.

　　A) should have received　　 B) has received

　　C) Couldn't have received　　D) ought to have received

20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.

　　A) would have liked to give　　B) liked to give 　

　 C) have liked to give　　D) would like to give

21)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”

A) is, must have taken　　B) is, must take　　

C) have been, must take　　D) is, takes

22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

A) will you suppose　　B) you suppose　　

C) do you suppose　　D) you would suppose

23) Two eyes ____see more than one.

　　A) can　B) may　　C) will　　D) should

24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.

　　A) Would　　B) Will　　C) May　　D) Should

25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?

A) oughtn't we　　B) should we　　

C) shouldn't we　　D) ought to we

26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.

A) shall know　　B) shouldn't know 　　

C) has known　　D) should have known

27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.

A) had better got　　B) had to get better 　　

C) had better to get　　D) had better get

28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.

A) needn't hurry　　B) didn't need hurry　　

C) needn't to hurry　D) needn't have hurried

29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.

A) might have injured　　B) could injure　　

C) should have injured　　D) must injure

30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.

　　A) needn't B) may not 　　C) mustn't　　D) can't

31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.

　　A) must　　B) could　　C) may 　D) might

32) I ____like to make a suggestion.

　　A) could B) would C) must D) might

33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.

　　A) can 　　B) may 　　C) must 　　D) ought

34) I can't find the recorder in the room. It ______ by somebody.

A) may have been taken away B) may leave 　　

B) C) may take away 　　D) must have taken away

35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.

A) can reach 　　 B) could catch　

C) may not catch 　　D) couldn't have caught

KEY:

1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D