Unit10 American Literature (teachers’ edition)
Period 1 New words and expressions
Teaching aims and demands:
(1) To learn some words and expressions .
(2) To use the words and expressions correctly
1.outcome n.
結(jié)果;結(jié)局;后果[S1][(+of)]
I think there can be but one outcome to this affair. 我認(rèn)為這件事只可能有一種結(jié)局。
She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts. 她對(duì)自己努力的結(jié)果很滿意。
2.weep
vi. 1.) 哭泣,流淚[(+over/for)]
The girl wept over her sad fate. 那女孩為自己悲慘的命運(yùn)而哭泣。
Mother wept for joy. 母親高興得流眼淚。
2.) 悲嘆,哀悼[(+over/for)]
We all wept in silence for the deceased. 我們都默默為死者哀悼。
vt. 流(淚);哭泣
The little girl wept herself to sleep.
小女孩哭著哭著入睡了。
n. 哭泣
3.furnish
vt. 1.) 給(房間)配置(家具等);裝備[(+with)]
How are you going to furnish the house? 你將如何布置房子?
2.) 供應(yīng);提供[(+with/to)] I’ll furnish you with all you need. 我將提供你所需要的一切。
例.She rents a furnished flat. 她租了一套備有家具的單元房。
【拓展】
furnish A with B(=furnish A to B) 為某人提供某物
furnish sth with sth 為某物提供家具
4.attend to
1.) 注意;致力于
You should attend better to your studies. 你應(yīng)該更專心于學(xué)習(xí)。
2.) 關(guān)心;照料;護(hù)理
The nurse is attending to a sick man. 護(hù)士正在照料病人。
5.do up
1.) 修理
The room needs doing up. 這房子需要修繕。
2.) 使穿上
She was done up in her Sunday best. 她穿著節(jié)日盛裝。
3.) 使精疲力盡
He was done up after the long trip. 長(zhǎng)途旅行后他精疲力盡。
do away with 擺脫；廢除，取消/do for 照料/do out 收拾，打掃；整理
/do out of 搶劫；騙走，騙去/do up 系上；扣上/ have sth. to do with 和…有關(guān)系
/do with （前面與could, can連用）需要;有關(guān)系/have nothing to do with 和…沒有關(guān)系
/ do without 沒有某事物也行
5.pale
a. 1.) 蒼白的,灰白的
She was pale with fear. 她嚇得臉色發(fā)白。
2.) (顏色)淡的
Her beauty seemed pale beside Mary’s. 她的美貌與瑪麗的相比似乎顯得黯然失色。
He wore a pale blue tie. 他戴一條淺藍(lán)色的領(lǐng)帶
6.approve
vt. 1.) 贊成,同意;贊許
The professor does not approve the government’s foreign policy.
那位教授不贊成政府的外交政策。
2.) 批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可
The city council has now approved the scheme for the erection of a new public library.
市議會(huì)業(yè)已核準(zhǔn)建造一座新的公共圖書館的計(jì)劃。
例.The mayoress approved the new building plans.女市長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計(jì)劃。
vi. 贊成;贊許 [(+of)]
I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there. 我擔(dān)心你父母不會(huì)贊成你到那兒去。
My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes.我的父母不準(zhǔn)許我吸煙。
例.I don't approve of wasting time. 我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
例.I don't approve of smoking. 我不贊成抽煙。
approval n. 【u】 贊成；贊許;批準(zhǔn)
例.He showed his approval by smiling. 他用微笑表示贊成。
【拓展】on approval 供試用的（不滿意可退貨）/approve sth批準(zhǔn)某事
/approve of sb/sth喜歡人（事）
7.shave
vt. 1.) 剃去...上的毛發(fā);刮(臉)等 shave one’s face 刮臉
2.) 刮(胡子等)[(+off/away)]
He shaved off his beard. 他剃掉了胡須。
vi. 1.) 修面,刮臉
He shaves every morning. 他每天早晨刮臉。
2.) 擠過,勉強(qiáng)通過
He shaved through the math exam. 他勉強(qiáng)通過了數(shù)學(xué)考試。
n.[C]
1.) 剃刀,刮胡刀;刨刀
2.) 修面,刮臉[S] I need a shave. 我需要修面。
8.comb
n.[C] 1.) 梳子;(羊毛等的)毛刷,馬鬃刷 2.) 女人頭發(fā)上梳狀的飾物
3.) (用梳子)梳理[S]
My hair needs a good comb. 我的頭發(fā)需要好好梳理一番。
vt. 1.) 用梳子梳理
The mother combed the child’s hair. 母親梳理了孩子的頭發(fā)。
2.) 徹底搜查[(+for)]
We combed the city to look for our lost dog. 我們搜遍了全城尋找我們走失了的狗。
9.at length
1.) 最后,終于
At length, we began to understand what she wanted. 最后,我們總算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.) 詳細(xì)地
He talked at length about his work. 他詳細(xì)地談了他的工作。
10.flash
vt. 1.) 使閃光;使閃爍[(+at)]
Why is that driver flashing his lights at me? 那個(gè)司機(jī)為何用燈照我?
2.) (向...)閃現(xiàn)出[(+at)]
I flashed a warning glance at them. 我向他們投去警告性的一瞥。
3.) (火速地)發(fā)出(電報(bào),電訊等);使迅速傳遍
The news was flashed around the world. 這一消息迅速傳遍世界各地。
vi. 1.) 閃光,閃爍
The stars flashed in the night sky. 夜空中群星閃爍。
2.) (想法等)掠過,閃現(xiàn)
A thought flashed through my mind. 我腦子里閃過一個(gè)想法。
3. 飛馳,掠過
A car flashed by. 一輛汽車疾馳而過。
n. 閃爍,閃光[C]
There was a flash of lightning a moment ago. 剛才有一道閃電。
12. rare adj. 罕見的；珍奇的;煮得很嫩的
例.That bird is very rare in this country.
那種鳥在這個(gè)國(guó)家很稀有。
例.Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
賈斯珀.懷特是那些少有的相信古代神話
rarely .adv. 難得，很少
例.She is old and rarely goes out. 她年紀(jì)大了，很少外出。
例.He rarely comes here anymore. 現(xiàn)在他難得來這兒。
13. pride n. 自負(fù)；驕傲;自尊（心）;自豪
例.She showed us her new home with great pride.她非常得意地給我們看她的新家。
例.Pride goes before a fall.(諺); Pride will have a fall.(諺).驕者必?cái) ?/p>
例.wound a person's pride.傷害一個(gè)人的自尊心
例.have a pride in one's son .為自己的兒子感到自豪
【拓展】
take pride in (=be proud of)對(duì)。。。。感到自豪
pride oneself on sth/ doing sth以。。。自豪；對(duì)。。。。感到自豪
14．worn adj 破爛的；損壞的
例.the worn pockets on a jacket.夾克上的破兜。
【拓展】sth be worn out某東西破了/wear sth away 磨損, 消逝, 衰退, 磨減, 消磨, 虛
wear sb/sth down削弱/wear off 逐漸減弱, 消失, 磨損, 耗損
wear sth out 消瘦, 穿破, 用壞, 克服/wear sb out 消磨, 疲勞
15.baggage n. (=luggage) 行李;（軍隊(duì)的）行裝
例.Baggage should be checked in at least an hour before the flight.
行李須于飛機(jī)起飛前最少一小時(shí)前檢查。
16.simplify vt. 使簡(jiǎn)易；使易做；簡(jiǎn)化
例.The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.
這個(gè)故事里的英語(yǔ)被簡(jiǎn)寫了，可更容易理解。
The subject is immensely complex, and hard to simplify. 這個(gè)題目非常復(fù)雜,并且很難簡(jiǎn)化
【拓展】
simple adj. 樸素的；樸實(shí)的;簡(jiǎn)單的，不復(fù)雜的;單純的；絕對(duì)的;正直 的
simple clothes 樸素的衣服
例.The little boy can already do simple problems in arithmetic.
那小男孩已經(jīng)能做簡(jiǎn)單的算術(shù)題。
例.a woman of simple goodness .純真善良的女人。
simply adv簡(jiǎn)單地；容易地；樸素地；清楚地；自然地;僅，只;真地
例.He is simply a workman.他只是一名工人罷了。
例.She looks simply lovely.她看起來的確可愛。
例.That basketball game we watch last night on television was simply divine!
我們昨天晚上電視里看的那場(chǎng)藍(lán)球比賽真是好極了!
simplicity n. 簡(jiǎn)單；簡(jiǎn)易；樸素；樸實(shí)；單純
17．let
let down 掃（某人的）興；失約/let in 讓…進(jìn)來，放…進(jìn)來
let off 放（炮），投放（炸彈）;（與with連用）寬恕；赦免；從寬處理
let on 泄漏（秘密）/let out 加寬，放寬（衣服）;放出
let up 放松; 減弱，停止
Period 2 Warming up
Teaching aims and demands:
(1)To improve the Ss’speaking and listening skills
Teaching procedures:
Task 1. Guide the students to get to know some famous American writers and their works by the forms of a competition:
The Adventure of Tom Sawyer ---- Mark Twain
The Beast in the Jungle ----Henry James
A Farewell to Arms ----- Ernest Hemingway
The Old Man and the Sea ----- Ernest Hemingway
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ----Mark Twain
The Gift of the Magi ---- O. Henry
The Call of the Wild ----Jack London
The Scarlet Letter ---- Nathaniel Hawthorne
Step 2 Listening
Listen to the tape and finish the exercise on page 65
Step 3 Speaking
Divide the Ss into several groups to discuss and let them report their ideas to the class
Period 3 Reading
Teaching aims and demands:
(1)To get general ideas of the passage
(2)To improve the Ss’ reading skill
(3)To learn some knowledge about learning a foreign language
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Fast reading
1)What is Jim’s wage? Twenty dollars a week.
2)How much is the rent of the flat per week? 8 dollars per week.
3)How did Della manage to save the money?She saved it by bargaining while doing shopping.
4)What kind of gift had Della been planning to buy for Jim?
Something fine and rare-something worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.
5)What price does Della pay to buy her present?
21 dollars
6)What are the couple’s two most precious possessions?
One is Jim’s gold watch and the other is Della’s hair.
7)Why do you think she chooses a watch chain for Jim?
Because she thinks it is worthy of the watch and it is right for Jim.With the chain on his watch Jim might be anxious about the time in any company.
8)What is her feeling when she decides to sell her beautiful hair?
On one hand,she is reluctant to sell her hair for it is the very thing that she takes pride in.On the other hand,she has no choice but to do so because she loves Jim deeply.
Step 2 Fast reading
1.Why did Della cry after counting the money she had been saving?
With one dollar and eighty-seven cents,she couldn’t buy a fine and rare gift for Jim.
2.Why did tear fall fom her eyes while Della was standing in front of the mirror?
She decided to cut off her hair and sold it to get money.
3.How much did Della get from the Madame I the barbershop?
Twenty dollars.
4.What did Della look like after cutting off and doing her hair?
Her head was covered with tiny curls that made her look like a little schoolgirl.
Step 3 Decide whether the following sentences are true or false.
1)James Dillingham Young is a rich young man. ( F )
2)One dollar and eighty-seven cents wal all the money that Della had saved for months.( T )
3)Della lives in a house with many trees and flowers around it.(F )
4)The living cost was greater than Della had expected.( T )
5)Jim and Della are a married couple.( T )
6)She hesitates to have her hair cut off and sell it.( T )
7)Della thinks having a haircut will make Jim happy.( F )
8)James Dillingham Young was Della’s husband.( T )
9)Della had a large sum of money to buy Jim a Christmas gift.( T )
10)There were two possessions of this family-Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.( T )
Step 4 While-reading Get the main idea of each passage.
The main idea of the passage: The story tells that a woman called Della sold her beautiful hair to buy her husband a Christmas present ---- a gold watch chain.
Main Idea
Paragraph 1 Della wept because she had little money to buy Jim a present this Christmas.
Paragraph 2 Della and Jim’s living conditions.
Paragraph 3 Della wanted to buy Jim a Christmas present, which was worthy of being own by Jim.
Paragraph 4 The young couple owned two precious things, one was Jim’s gold watch, and the other was Della’s hair.
Paragraph 5 Della’s beautiful hair.
Paragraph 6 Della decided to sell her hair in order to buy a present for her beloved.
Paragraph 7 Della got twenty dollars and then she began to buy Jim a Christmas present.
Paragraph 8 She spent 21 dollars on a gold watch chain.
Paragraph 9 Della did her hair and looked like a little school girl.
Step5 Reading comprehension ： Choose the best answers
1.How much money was saved by Della before the Christmas Day?
A.$ 8. B.$ 1.87. C.$ 2. D.$ 8.7. 答案：B
2.Why did Della cut her hair off? 答案：D
A.Because she wanted to give Jim a surprise.
B.Because she liked wearing short hair.
C.Because she wanted to be looked like a Coney Island Choir girl.
D.Because she needed more money to buy Jim a present.
3.How much did Della get for selling her hair?
A.$ 12. B.$ 18. C.$ 20. D.$ 22. 答案：C
4.What did Della buy for Jim’s present?
A.A gold watch. B.A gold watch chain.
C.A shave. D.A new overcoat. 答案：B
5.What did Jim buy for Della’s present?
A.A shampoo. B.A hat. C.A comb. D.A necklace. 答案：C
6.Which of the following is true according to the story? 答案：D
A.The Christmas day was coming.Della was very happy and she was looking forward to it.
B.Jim and Della were young and rich.
C.Jim didn’t love Della any more when he saw that she had her hair cut off.
D.Jim’s gold watch and Della’s long hair were the two possessions which they both took pride in.
7.The word in the fourth paragraph“hesitated”is closest in meaning to______.
A.imagined B.dreamed C.felt uncertain D.watched 答案：C
8.Which of the following is NOT true according to the story? 答案：D
A.The day before Christmas Della was worried because she had only saved one dollar and eighty-seven cents for Jim’s Christmas present.
B.The young couple lived a hard life but they loved each other deeply.
C.Della was very nervous and worried before she heard Jim’s step when he came back home from work.
D.When Della saw her present,she was so happy to get the expensive combs that she burst into tears.
9.What does the story mainly tell us? 答案：C
A.How to celebrate a happy Christmas for a young and rich couple.
B.How to choose Christmas presents for couples.
C.A love story between a young and poor couple.
D.Money is love.
10.From the sentence,“She stood by the window and looked out at a grey cat walking along a grey in a grey backyard.”we can infer that Della was very______.答案：D
A.angry B.calm C.happy D.sad
Period 4 Language points in reading
Teaching aims and demands:
(1) To learn and grasp some important phrases in the text
(2) To learn some important language points
(3) ⅡLearing the following points
1.Twenty dollars a week does not go far. (Para.3 p84) 每周20美元根本就不夠用
go far （錢等）耐花，價(jià)值大(常用于否定句);效力大，大有幫助；成功
Although he earns 1000 yuan a month, It doesn’t go far for his family.
2.Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. Expense: 名詞 意思是“開銷，費(fèi)用，花費(fèi)”
1) at great /little/ no expense 花費(fèi)很大/很少/ 沒有花費(fèi)
2)at the expense of sb/sth “以… 為代價(jià)”
He saved the girl at the expense of his life.
3)at one’s (own) expense 由/讓某人付費(fèi)The dinner was at my own expense.
3.Be worthy of sth/ being done/ to be done
worthy 作形容詞,意思為“有價(jià)值的， 值得的， 配得上”
1)He is worthy of your trust.他值得你的信任
2)Your advice is worthy of being considered.= Your advice is worthy to be considered.
你的建議值得考慮
4.She pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.（第5段）
她披散開頭發(fā)，讓它盡情舒展開來
And then she quickly did it up again.（第5段）她很快把頭發(fā)梳理好
do up 系，扣；收拾，整理；打扮，梳妝
do up the buttons系紐扣/do up the furniture整修家具
do up the rooms粉刷房間/do up presents包禮物
5.in any company與任何人在一起
in one’s company與某人在一起
be fond of company好交際
be in good/bad company=keep good/bad company與好人/壞人來往
keep sb.company陪伴某人
for company作為陪伴，為應(yīng)酬
in company with sb.=in one’s company與某人一起
keep company with sb.與某人結(jié)交
part company (with sb.) （與某人）分開/斷絕關(guān)系
e.g.As the journey was a long one,he took a friend with him ________.
A.along B.together C.for company D.as a company
Period 5 Word study & Grammar
語(yǔ)法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題-----動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。
二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方冉冉升起。
2.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,
believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
注意點(diǎn)：1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：
2、短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,
die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如不能說：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.
四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.
2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
五、一般過去時(shí)
六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I left.
3.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.
4.表示過去將來動(dòng)作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.
七、過去完成時(shí)
1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.
2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
八、一般將來時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall do （側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事）
2.be going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)
3.be doing (按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時(shí)間連用)
4.be about to do (按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)
九、將來完成時(shí)
用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語(yǔ)，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.注：當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被
動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。（B）用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that
時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析
1．--Can I join your club,dad?
--You can when you______a bit older. (NMET)
A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got
析：“You can”是將來意，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來所以此題答案為A.
2．--Oh,it’s you!I______you.
--I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize
析：從“Oh,it’s you!”可知說話時(shí)已認(rèn)出對(duì)方。“沒有認(rèn)出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應(yīng)選A.
3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space. (NMET)
A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared
析：在空白處應(yīng)選一個(gè)與“saw”相配，能解釋Jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項(xiàng)，只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當(dāng)時(shí)正在做”某事，故排除A而選B。這樣因?yàn)椤八谕钪嫣炜铡彼浴拔纯吹轿摇薄?/p>
4.--______my glasses?
--Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago. (NMET)
A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen
析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，問話人以這樣的時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為D。
5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times. (NMET)
A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet
析：答案B。道理同4。
6.--Do you know our town at all?
--No,this is the first time I______here.
A.was B.have been C.came D.am going
析：根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案為B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.
7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives. (NMET)
A.just help out B.have just helped out
C.am just helping out D.will just help out
析：根據(jù)I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計(jì)劃安排行為，C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表將來動(dòng)作，但D非計(jì)劃安排，C則體現(xiàn)按計(jì)劃去做，所以此題答案為C。
8.--Is this raincoat yours?
--No,mine______there behind the door. (NMET)
A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung
析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過去“掛”的B、D項(xiàng)可排除。C項(xiàng)雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側(cè)重在常規(guī)，習(xí)慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選A是極為合情理的。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型
1.常見句式是：主語(yǔ)（受動(dòng)者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動(dòng)者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主語(yǔ)＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.
注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by＋施動(dòng)者”
3.帶有雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)）的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)閯?dòng)句，其主語(yǔ)可以是直接賓語(yǔ)，也可以是間接賓語(yǔ)。例如：She lent me a bike.被動(dòng)：1）I was lent a bike(by her).
2）A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.雙重被動(dòng)式：主語(yǔ)＋被動(dòng)式謂語(yǔ)＋不定式的被動(dòng)式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.
二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況
1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用，用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長(zhǎng)久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。
2.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式＋形容詞。常見動(dòng)look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動(dòng)式，如：His answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時(shí)，雖然不定式與主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動(dòng)式。
三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：
1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語(yǔ)。
2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語(yǔ)。
3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因?yàn)橄髄ose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語(yǔ)只能用于主動(dòng)式，不能用被動(dòng)式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因?yàn)橄髏ake part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析
1.I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)
A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed
析：complete是及物動(dòng)詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動(dòng)意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，所以此題答案為D。
2.--Do you like the material?
--Yes,it______very soft. (NMET)
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語(yǔ)，可知feel是不及物動(dòng)詞，表“（某物）摸起來…”意思,是連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)式，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)此題對(duì)話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用過去時(shí)，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認(rèn)為”、“摸”等意時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，可帶賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)等變化。
3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (NMET)
A.have been taken place…h(huán)ave been set up
B.have taken place…h(huán)ave been set up
C.have taken place…h(huán)ave set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（發(fā)生）是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動(dòng)詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)式，故排除C，答案為B。
4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa. (NMET)
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析：首先可排除B。因?yàn)樗槐硎尽氨谎?qǐng)”。又因D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。A項(xiàng)＝who were invited,C項(xiàng)＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作后置定語(yǔ)，故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。
5.I dont know the restaurant,but its______to be quite a good one.(NMET)
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說…”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說他是一個(gè)聰明的男孩。
6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)
A.has broken into…h(huán)as been stolen B.has broken into…h(huán)ad been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen D.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項(xiàng)中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。
7.I promise that the matter will______. (NMET)
A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短語(yǔ)，若無of則不可帶賓語(yǔ)，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。
8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET)
A.are not kept…will have to B.are not kept…h(huán)ave to
C.do not keep…will have to D.do not keep…h(huán)ave to
析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動(dòng)式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)，故答案為A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析；要表達(dá)“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過去時(shí)間，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。
10.This sentence needs______.
A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)
11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.
A.am not B.havent been C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasnt possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。
12.--______the note______to Mr Smith?
--No,It is still in my pocket.
A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasnt…been given
析：根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。
13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.
A.say B.said C.to say D.be said
析：It was said that…可以改為We heard it said that…(都表示“據(jù)說…”之意)。前一種說法中It 是形式主語(yǔ)，后一種說法中it是形式賓語(yǔ)。故此題答案為B。
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)專練
1.The maths problem can be______.
A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out
2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.
A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried
3.The girl is to______a rich man.
A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to
4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.
A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read
5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?
A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited
6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)
A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given
7.--Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
--Hes already been______.(NMET)
A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for
8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.
A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed
9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided
10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.
A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found
11.I dont want anything______about it.
A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said
12.--______that the sports meet might be put off.
--Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A.I’ve been told B.I’ve told C.I’m told D.I told
13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)
A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered
14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.
A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said
15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.
A.said B.says C.is said D.was said
16.--What do you think of the book?
--Oh,excellent.Its worth______a second time.(NMET)
A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read
17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.
18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)
A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given
19.--where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.
--I______it right here but now it’s gone.
A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put
C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put
20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.
A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies
21.How long______the English party______?
A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted
22.What______you______this time next Friday?
A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing
23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.
A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung
24.It______and the streets were still wet.
A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain
25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.
A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying
26.We______there when it______to rain.
A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began
C.had got;had begun D.would get;began
27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.
A.should have studied B.were going to study
C.have studied D.should study
28.--she told me she had met you in London last year.
--______you______her since?
A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen
29.--When______again?
--When he______,I’ll let you know.
A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come
C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes
30.Tom______for more than a week.
A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away
31.--What happened to her teeth?
--She______the apple more than she could chew.
A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites
32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.
A.finishing writing B.to finish writing C.having written D.to have written
33. --You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?
--But I______that you______me to start at once.
A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted
34. --I missed the lecture last night.
--Oh,what a pity!I wish______.
A.you heared it B.you had heard it C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it
35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.
A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished
36. --Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.
--It’s 9586442.(NMET)
A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t
37. --I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.
A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.
A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten
39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.
A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving (NMET)
40. --Who is Jerry Cooper?
--______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)
A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet
C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet
41. --We could have walked to the station.It was so near.
--Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)
A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be
42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)
A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened
43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)
A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy
44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)
A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell
45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.
A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had
46.I______the time______so quickly.
A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed
C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed
47.--My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late. --Let’s hurry up.
A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells
48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)
A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come
49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)
A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost
50.--Jane has just arrived. --I didn’t know she______.
A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)專練答案
1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A
21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D
41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B
Period 6 Integrating skills
Teaching aims and demands:
(1) To improve the students’ abilities of reading and comprehension
(2) To learn some language points
Step 1 Listen to the tape and read the text carefully, then choose the best answer: (
1. What was Jim’s reaction when he saw Della?
A. angry B. shocked C. disappointed D. both A and B
2. What did Jim buy for Della ?
A. a shampoo B. a hat C. A comb D. A new overcoat
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the story?
A. The day before Christmas Della was worried because she had only saved one dollar and eighty-seven cents for Jim’s Christmas present.
B. The young couple lived a hard life but they loved each other deeply.
C. Della was very nervous and worried before she heard Jim’s step when he came back home from work.
D. When Della saw her present, she was so happy to get the expensive combs that she burst into tears.
4.Which of the following is true according to the story?
A. The Christmas day was coming. Della was very happy and she was looking forward to it.
B. Jim and Della were both cried when they saw each other’s present.
C. Jim didn’t love Della any more when he saw that she had her hair cut off.
D. Jim sold hid gold watch out of his love for Della.
5. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. How to celebrate a happy Christmas for a young and rich couple.
B. How to choose Christmas presents for couples.
C.A love story between a young and poor couple.
D. Money is love.
Step 2 Read the passage in three minutes, and sum up every paragraph with one sentence:
P1: Della was anxious to wait for Jim and was afraid that Jim’s love would go without her beautiful long hair.
P2: Jim was burdened with the family and had no money to buy even e new overcoat or gloves.
P3: Jim stared at Della with a strange expression on his face.
P4: Della explained why she had her hair cut off.
P5: Jim was still confused.
P6: Jim was awake and expressed nothing could make him love Della any less.
P7: Della was so happy when she sea a set of beautiful and expensive combs Jim bought her.
P8: Della showed him her gift---- a gold watch chain that was worthy of his gold watch.
P9: Jim told Della he sold his watch for her combs.
Step 3 Deal with the difficult sentences (15minutes)
1. Della doubled the watch chain in her hand ….
What does double mean in the following sentences:
A. She got double scholarships
B. Double the carpet, and cover it on the baby.
2. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two ---- and to be burdened with a family!
and to be burdened with a family → He was to be burdened with a family
be burdened with a family →
3. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read.
be fixed upon →__stare at__
in them → in his eyes__
Exercise:
She was _____ frightened that she could not _____ her thoughts on anything.
A. so; fix B. so; spend C. such; fix D. such; spend
4. I have my hair cut off and sold it because I couldn’t have lived through Christmas without giving you a present.
have one’s hair cut have sth done
couldn’t have lived through Christmas without giving you a present →
If I __________ you a present , I couldn’t have lived through Christmas.
Translate the sentence:
今天下午我要去修理我的自行車。
____________________________
5.” Don’t make any mistake about me, Della,” he said.” I don’t think there ‘s anything in the way of a haircut shampoo…
1) make a mistake about → ______________
2) in the way of → _____________
6.to be burden with family承擔(dān)起養(yǎng)家的重?fù)?dān)
burden sb. with sth. 加負(fù)擔(dān)于某人
sb. be burdened with sth.使某人負(fù)……重?fù)?dān)
I don’t want to burden you with my problems.我不想讓我的問題給你增加負(fù)擔(dān)。
The students are burdened with heavy load of study.學(xué)生們的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)很重。
burden (n.)重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)
He,a disabled child,is becoming a burden to his mother.
他，一個(gè)殘疾兒童，漸漸成了他媽媽的累贅
7.stare at sb./sth.盯著看，凝視/glare at怒視 glance at掃視
Step 4 Consolidation (5minutes)
Please find these phrases in the text.
1.對(duì)折表鏈 2. 加以……重?fù)?dān) 3. 注視；凝視 4.剪掉頭發(fā) 5. 度過圣誕節(jié)；
6. 對(duì)某人好 7. 對(duì)……誤解 8. ……這一類東西；在……方面 9.撕開；扯開
10. 一套梳子 11.最后；終于 12. 把……放一邊
Keys:
1. double the watch chain
2. be burdened with
3. fix one’s eyes upon ; stare at
4. have one’s hair cut
5. live through Christmas
6. be good to sb
7. make a mistake about
8. in the way of
9. tear at
10.a set of combs
11. at length
12.put away
.