(一)主題任務(wù)(Core tasks)
根據(jù)本單元的中心主題，建議設(shè)計(jì)以下主題任務(wù)。
專(zhuān)題調(diào)查
活動(dòng)時(shí)間：在學(xué)完本單元之后
活動(dòng)形式：個(gè)人活動(dòng)、小組活動(dòng)、全班活動(dòng)
語(yǔ)言知識(shí)要求：本單元詞匯與句型
語(yǔ)言技能要求：聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)
活動(dòng)過(guò)程：
1．選擇內(nèi)容：所要調(diào)查的內(nèi)容與本單元話題相關(guān)。例如，閱讀習(xí)慣、學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格、個(gè)性特征、人生目標(biāo)，等等。把全班分成幾個(gè)小組，每個(gè)小組選擇一個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行研究，編制調(diào)查問(wèn)卷。例如：
2．展開(kāi)調(diào)查：小組的每個(gè)成員運(yùn)用小組編制的問(wèn)卷選擇對(duì)象進(jìn)行調(diào)查，記錄并整理有關(guān)信息。
3．分析信息：在小組范圍內(nèi)交流有關(guān)內(nèi)容，分類(lèi)整理，得出結(jié)論。
4．撰寫(xiě)報(bào)告：選擇一個(gè)小組成員執(zhí)筆撰寫(xiě)調(diào)查報(bào)告，其他同學(xué)也要參與補(bǔ)充、修改。記住運(yùn)用曲線圖、柱狀圖、餅圖和其他圖表形式。
5．交流信息：在全班交流調(diào)查報(bào)告。
6．各抒己見(jiàn)：小組活動(dòng)，就調(diào)查所發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題提出建議。每個(gè)成員撰寫(xiě)文章，列舉問(wèn)題，提出措施。
(二)熱身(Warming up)
該部分教學(xué)中教師可以補(bǔ)充一些問(wèn)題。例如：通過(guò)對(duì)下列表述做出True或False的判斷，可以調(diào)查學(xué)生的合作精神。
(三)聽(tīng)力(Listening)
該部分教學(xué)要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：
聽(tīng)前，教師要做好鋪墊。
1．幫助學(xué)生掃除詞匯障礙：
1)教學(xué)與科學(xué)調(diào)查有關(guān)的詞匯，例如：survey， questionnaire，comments，observation，majority等。
2)教學(xué)科學(xué)調(diào)查中常用的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法，例如百分比和頻率的英文表達(dá)方法。
3)介紹各種用于科研目的的圖表。
2．聯(lián)系本班學(xué)生的實(shí)際討論，除練習(xí)1中的三個(gè)問(wèn)題外，教師還可以補(bǔ)充一些與學(xué)生課余生活有關(guān)的問(wèn)題供學(xué)生討論，例如：
1)Do you like ball games? Do you often play basketball/football after class?
2)How often do you go to cinema?
3)Do you play PC games? Where do you play? Do your parents / teachers allow you to do so?
4)How much pocket money do your parents give you each month? Is it enough?
5)Do you have many friends? Where do you make friends?
聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中，教師要為學(xué)生分解難度：
1．分段播放，先放1-3段，做練習(xí)2中的表格題；再放4-5段做練習(xí)2中的餅圖題。
2．重復(fù)兩、三次。
聽(tīng)后，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論。例如：
1．Do you think it necessary for you to do SO much homework to remember the knowledge and build up the ability? How much homework is enough? What kind of homework do you like most? What the least?
2．Do you think you can do a part-time job? Why or why not?
3．Do the part-time jobs you have done help you understand what you are learning in class? Give your reasons．
4．What do you think of putting away the money you have earned in a savings account?
5．Why is getting to know people in different setting important?
6．Is it difficult for students of your age to find a part-time job?
(四)口語(yǔ)(Speaking)
該部分還可以設(shè)計(jì)以下幾個(gè)教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
1．在討論該部分的三個(gè)情景前，讓學(xué)生開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋，列舉取得他人信任的作用。
Benefits of being trusted：
1)You may earn a good reputation．
2)You may spend less time persuading people to do what you want them to do．
3)You will probably have more opportunities as you are reliable．
4)You have confidence in fulfilling your task．
5)Even if someone disagrees with you，he or she will respect you．
6)You will find it easier to cooperate with others．
7)If you set an example，others would like to follow．
8)People will be friendly to you and will support you．
9)People are willing and happy to contact you．
2．在討論過(guò)該部分的三個(gè)情景后，讓學(xué)生討論如何取得他人的信任。
Suggested ideas：
1．Keep your promises．
2．Put your words into action．
3．Never boast．
4．Say what you really think．
(五)閱讀(Reading)
該部分文章要說(shuō)明的核心是：怎樣才能使團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)揮最大效率?盡管本文做了詳盡的剖析，并以體育運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)為例進(jìn)行闡釋?zhuān)\(yùn)用的都是理論分析的方法，這對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)講，理解和記憶都有一定的困難。因此，建議教師采用更為形象的手段。
1．具體舉例。例如，就團(tuán)隊(duì)的組成、隊(duì)員的角
色、領(lǐng)隊(duì)及教練的作用、以全勝戰(zhàn)績(jī)奪得冠軍的秘訣等等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)和討論。
2．設(shè)計(jì)板書(shū)。例如：
3．分解難度。教師還可以讓學(xué)生回答以下問(wèn)題：
1．What is a team?
2．Why are students asked to work in teams at school?
3．How are sports teams made up?
4．Is the coach counted as a team member? What’s the role of the coach?
5．Is it necessary for all the team members to be friends?
6．What are some of the requirements that make the team work well?
7．How are the tasks of the group divided?
8．Why should group members respect and sup port each other?
(六)讀后(Post．reading)
該部分的教學(xué)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：
1．第一個(gè)活動(dòng)可以和“讀前”部分的第三個(gè)練習(xí)結(jié)合起來(lái)，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)練習(xí)提問(wèn)的內(nèi)容是相同的。讓學(xué)生瀏覽課文，完成“讀前”部分的第三個(gè)練習(xí)；讓學(xué)生細(xì)讀課文，完成“讀后”部分的第一個(gè)活動(dòng)。在黑板上繪制網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖，分兩步讓學(xué)生填寫(xiě)有關(guān)內(nèi)容，通過(guò)細(xì)讀學(xué)生可以更全面地把握有關(guān)內(nèi)容。
2．第二、三和第四個(gè)活動(dòng)都不能直接在文章中找到答案，教師可以補(bǔ)充相關(guān)材料，也可以讓學(xué)生自己查尋。例如：
The E-learning Project Team：Roles and Re Sponsibilities
In the late 1980’s to early 1990’s，it was common for a person，a super-producer，to single-handedly create a high quality learning programme．However，creating effective e-learning in today's marketplace is becoming an increasingly difficult task for one person．Regardless of how much division of labour is applied，team members will likely play more than one role．
Sponsor
The sponsor acts on behalf of his or her organization to assure that the product reduces cost，increases productivity，or in some other way adds value．
Project Manager
The project manager is responsible to the sponsor for the quality of the finished product．
Subject Matter Expert
The subject matter expert contributes the core con tent and original materials．She provides access to source materials and reference items such as books，articles， and videotape s．
Instructional Designer
A typical instructional designer has a background in liberal arts，often with a master’s degree in instructional design，psychology，education，or multimedia technology．
Writer
Working after an instructional designer has created an outline，a writer creates and revises the script．
Graphic Artist
From the blueprints created by the instructional designer and scriptwriter，the graphic artist creates screen layouts；specific interface items such as buttons，windows，and menus；and specific graphics and animations necessary to the programme．
Programmer
Using the script as a guide，the programmer is
expected to put different elements(text，audio，video， graphics，and animation)into a whole．
Audio and Video Producers
Audio and Video producers oversee the pre-production，production，and post-production of video and audio elements．
Quality Reviewers
The quality reviewers work internally during development stages，check the programme for general quality and create change reports．
Administrators
Administrators f8cilitate communication? track expenditures, and assist in reproduction and distribution of materials．a(chǎn)mong other duties．
還可以結(jié)合電視、廣播、報(bào)刊、出版等工作討論團(tuán)隊(duì)作用。
3．教師還可以提供更多的討論題。例如：
1)Is the coach as important as the team members? Give your reasons．
2)Why is it important that each player has a clear role?
3)Different teams require different roles．Give some examples．
4)How do you understand the importance of rules and regulations?
(七)語(yǔ)言練習(xí)(Language practice)
該部分的第一個(gè)練習(xí)與“閱讀”部分的課文有直接的聯(lián)系，難度不大。不過(guò)，作為鞏固性練習(xí)，教師要盡量提高學(xué)生應(yīng)用的靈活性，可以讓一個(gè)小組的學(xué)生用同一個(gè)詞造句，這樣就有許多不同的句子讓大家分享。第二個(gè)練習(xí)有一定的難度，可以指導(dǎo)學(xué)生先確定意義后確定形式，這樣難度分解后更有利于學(xué)生完成這個(gè)練習(xí)。第三個(gè)練習(xí)對(duì)于所有層次的學(xué)生都有一定的難度，教師要加強(qiáng)方法的指導(dǎo)。
1．信息復(fù)現(xiàn)是寫(xiě)作中的一種常見(jiàn)現(xiàn)象，學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)現(xiàn)的規(guī)律有助于完整上下文的信息。例如：
1)上下文中，有時(shí)同一詞會(huì)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
While my father was an officer of the British army in South Africa，we lived in a two-storey house…．I saw， over my father’s shoulder，a gorilla，the worst enemy of the soldier in Africa.
2)同義詞、近義詞或解釋性的語(yǔ)言可使上下文語(yǔ)義得以連接起來(lái)。
In March 2005，a survey was carried out among 23 young people from Xiamen．Thirteen of them were male and nine were female．
3)具有概括性的詞和具有分述作用的詞也是缺詞填空的重要線索。
For example，she has been learning how to ex change messages with people．Scientists are teaching her sign language…．Andrew has also been trained to think out and find answers to the problems．
2．闡述同一話題時(shí)，相關(guān)的表達(dá)方式和信息會(huì)
形成一個(gè)個(gè)詞匯鏈和信息鏈。例如：
Robert noticed that he was standing next to a large camera．“You! We were making a film and you spoiled the whole afternoon’s work!”
教師有必要幫助學(xué)生加強(qiáng)詞匯之間的聯(lián)系，形成具有實(shí)用意義的詞匯鏈。例如：以friend為話題可以提供以下練習(xí)：
用下列短語(yǔ)完成句子：
1)I hear you work with Peter．Did you know he was ________ ?
2)I suppose Sandra is ________ ．We ring each other most evenings．
3)I’m going up to see ________ in Scotland next week．I haven’t seen them for over sixty years!
4)I wouldn’t say he was ________．We used to work together and we go for a drink now and again．
5)I met Martin at university．It was the start of
答案：1 a friend of mine 2 my best friend 3 some old friends 4 a close friend 5 a lifelong friendship
(八)綜合技能(Integrating skills)
該部分教學(xué)注意幾個(gè)方面：
1．閱讀和寫(xiě)作是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，閱讀為寫(xiě)作做鋪墊，寫(xiě)作是對(duì)閱讀的總結(jié)和延伸。因此，閱讀教學(xué)中，教師要針對(duì)寫(xiě)作所要涉及的話題提煉內(nèi)容：
Items Li Yonghong’s experlence Your opinions
Decisions
Parents’offer
University
Finances
Risks
2．針對(duì)閱讀內(nèi)容，補(bǔ)充幾種個(gè)性類(lèi)型。例如：
Different Personality Types
Outgoing
You are an outgoing and cheerful person．Although sometimes you get frustrated，you can get through the hard times easily and be joyful again．
Garing
You love and care for others and it is the reason why you are a big sister/brother in people's eyes．People will find it interesting and comfortable talking to you and this enables you to gain trust from them．
Sympathetic
You are dependent and have less own opinions． You can take every opportunity to attract other's attention．The first impression you give to others is your sympathetic look and character．This may account for the reason why others are eager to offer you protection and security．
Charming
You are the type that possesses the most charming character, You are advised not to believe too much on other's sweet and honeyed words and phrases．It is suggested that you show more of your talent and intelligence，so that people will have a good impression of you not only because of your outward appearance．
(二)測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)1．用下面所給的短語(yǔ)填空：
stick with through thick and thin pull out of cater to in reality keep an/one’s eye on take into account as a whole once again live up to
1 Then，families stuck together _________
2 Will you _________ things here until I get
back?
3 There are some sections in the newspapers
_________ people’S love of sports．
4 They are goi ng to _________ the same plan
made last year．
5 The breathtakingly beautiful scenery certainly
_________ expectations．
6 If you _________ inflation _________, we
actually spend less now．
7 Being in financial trouble，the firm _________
the personal computer business．
8 His views are not popular with the community _________ .
9 He was forced to apologize _________ for his
actions publicly．
10 Reports put the death toll at 50，when
_________ it was close to 200．
2．用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：
Football evolved from English soccer and 1．Professional sides have squads of up to 45 players divided into three 2：one for offense． another for defense and the third for taking kicks．The team in possession(offense)has four plays，or downs，to 3 the ball 10 yards by running with it or passing it．If 4．the team has another series of plays．If it fails，the 5 takes possession of the ball．All plays start on or between the inbounds lines． Six 6 are awarded for a touchdown，plus an 7 point for converting the ball over the crossbar．Placekicking the ball over the crossbar from anywhere in the 8 gains three points．The defense al so 9 two points from a safety either by tackling the ball carrier in his own end zone or if the carrier steps out of the back or side of his 10．
答案：
1．1 through thick and thin 2 keep an eye on 3 catering to
4 stick with 5 lived up to 6 take，into account
7 is pulling out of 8 as a whole 9 once again
10 in reality
2．1 rugby 2 teams 3 advance 4 successful
5 opposition 6 points 7 extra 8 field scores zone