概念：起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句。它和名詞一樣，在句中可充當(dāng)主語，表語，賓語和同位語。名詞從句包括主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句。

名詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞通常有： 1. 連詞 that, whether, if. 2. 連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which 3. 連接副詞when, where, how, why

I. 主語從句

主語從句在從句中作主語，主語從句可以位于句首，但常見的主語從句多放在句末，句首則用形式主語it。

例如： 1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.

2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

注意：連詞that, whether在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，只起連接作用，不能省略。并且whether引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不能用if代替。 3. Who let out the news remained unknown. = It remained unknown who let out the news.

4. How this happened is still a question. 5. It is not clear when we will start.

6. Why he didn’t come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didn’t come here.

7. Which is right isn’t known to us.

注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中可擔(dān)任主語，賓語，狀語，不能省略。可以用形式主語it引導(dǎo)。

8. What he said at the meeting is important. 9. Whoever leaves the office should tell me.

10. Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。此類主語從句不能用it引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞在句中擔(dān)任句子成分，不能省略。

另外，有的“It …＋主語從句”已成為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

a. It is +名詞＋從句 It is a pity that we can’t go.

b. It is ＋形容詞＋從句 It is clear that Tom has returned.

c. It is ＋過去分詞＋從句 It is said / reported / believed / known …

II. 表語從句

在復(fù)合句中用作表語的從句是表語從句。

That’s what we should do. That’s why I want to see you. The reason for my absence was that I was ill.

1. be, seem, look等動詞后均可跟表語從句：

My suggestion is that we should go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain.

2. as if, because 也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。

It looks as if it’s going to rain. It was because I got up late.

3. 在非正式文體中，引導(dǎo)表語從句的that可以省略。如：

The trouble is （that）he is ill.

注意：在表語從句中，當(dāng)reason作主語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that，不能用because，如：他遲到的原因是因?yàn)樗麤]有趕上早班車。 The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.

III. 賓語從句

在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句是賓語從句

1. 作動詞賓語

I don’t know what I was thinking of. I wonder if I might give you a necklace.

I expect （that）I shall be back on Sunday.

在口語中，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)常常省略。但兩個(gè)that從句并列時(shí)后邊的that一般不省略。

若有補(bǔ)語，則賓語從句要放到補(bǔ)語之后，在賓補(bǔ)前用形式賓語it.

He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away. I consider it necessary that he should do it again.

在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞之后，賓語從句中謂語的否定常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語上。如：

I don’t think he will see you. I don’t believe he will go.

We don’t expect he is coming. I don’t think he can do it, can he?

注：此種用法主句的主語必須是第一人稱I或we. 而且它的反意疑問句的助動詞由從句的助動詞來定。

I don’t think he can do it, can he? I don’t think you are right, are you?

在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建議，命令，要求的動詞后，從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。如：

I insisted that he （should）do it at once. She suggested that the work （should）be finished at once.

2. 作介詞賓語 The teacher is satisfied with what I said.

3. 作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容詞的賓語。 I’m afraid that I will be late. I’m glad that you passed the exam.

IV. 同位語從句

如果擔(dān)任同位語的是個(gè)句子，則這個(gè)句子是同位語從句。同位語從句表示先行名詞的具體內(nèi)容，能跟同位語從句的名詞常見的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等。

引導(dǎo)同位語從句常用連詞that，它在句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，沒有詞意。除that外，還有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等。可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 The rumour that there will be an earthquake soon spread all over the area. They have no hope that he will recover. I have no idea where they have gone.

同位語從句與先行名詞有時(shí)也可以分開。 Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.

注：同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：

（1）同位語從句的先行名詞極為有限，而定語從句的先行詞則不計(jì)其數(shù)。

（2）引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that在句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that則在從句中作主語，賓語等。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的wh一詞多具有疑問意義，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的wh一詞則沒有疑問意義。

（3）同位語從句與先行名詞是等同關(guān)系，一個(gè)具體，一個(gè)抽象，兩者常可以轉(zhuǎn)述為主表關(guān)系，而定語從句與先行詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系。比較： The news that our team won the game is true. （________）

The news is that our team won the game. （_______） The news that you have heard isn’t true. （_______）

Whether與if在名詞從句中的用法

Whether可以用于所有的名詞從句中，if只用于賓語從句中，兩者都不能省略。

1. 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句（動詞賓語從句）時(shí)，whether和if可以互換，但如果出現(xiàn)or not則只能用whether.

I don’t know whether / if I can come. = I don’t know whether I can come or not.

2. 介詞的賓語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)。 We worried about whether he was in good health or not.

3. 引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句時(shí)都用whether. The question is whether you can do it yourself. （_____）

Whether they will win is all the same to me. （_____）

The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasn’t been decided. （____）

4. 和動詞不定式連接時(shí)，只能用whether. I haven’t decided whether to go there or not.

隨堂練習(xí)

Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)連詞填空

1. ________ you need is more practice. 2. ________ we need more equipment is quite obvious.

3. I have no idea _________ we want to go next. 4. The fact is ________ we are behind the other groups.

5.That is ______ we are firmly against. 6. That is _______ the key lies.

7.________ is troubling me is ____ 8. I don’t have much experience in this kind of work.

1. The teacher asked the students ________ they had understood the text. 9. He told us all ______ he knew.

Ⅱ. Choose the right word to the following sentences.

1. The news _______ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when

2. Nantong is no longer ________ used to be ten years ago.

A. how B. what C. that D. where

3. His suggestion ________ the meeting be delayed was turned down.

A. which B. that C. / D. it

4. The thought ______ he might fail in the exam worried him.

A. when B. which C. what D. that

5. Tom is greatly different from ________ he was when he was young.

A. what B. how C. where D. that

6. He often asked me the question ______ the work was worth doing.

A. whether B. if C. that D. when

7. Father made a promise ______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bike.

A. that B. if C. whether D. that if

8. The question ________ we need it has not yet been considered.

A. if B. whether C. that D. which

9. I’ve come here to find someone, but I’m not sure ______ is the one I want to find.

A. whatever B. whoever C. who D. whom

10. ________ breaks the law should be punished.

A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. Whatever

11. It was quite noisy there and I couldn’t hear________.

A. how he said B. that he said C. what he said D. anything which he said

12. Can you tell me ______ the railway station?

A. how I can get to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where can I get to

Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 他姐姐是個(gè)歌星,這大家都知道.

2. 他在門口告訴我們的事真令人興奮.

3. 她無論說什么都不能感動我們.

4. 下周日是否去野炊取決于那天是否天好.

5. 請告訴我你是怎么做這道難題的.

Keys:

Ⅰ1.What;2.That;3.where;4.that;5.what;6.where;7.What;8.whether;9.what

Ⅱ1.B;2.B;3.B;4.D;5.A;6.A;7.D;8.B;9.C;10.C;11.C;12.A

Ⅲ1.That his sister is a singing star is known to us all. 2.What he told us at the gate was really exciting. 3.Wharever she said couldn’t move us. 4.Whether we’ll go for a picnic next Sunday depends on whether it will be fine or not. 5.Please tell me how you worked out the difficult problem.

名詞性從句專練、

1． She is a rich woman is known to all in the city. A. / B. That C. Who D. Because

2. My cousin asked me I could lend him the Chinese novel.

A. whether B. / C. that D. which

3. The difficulty lies in we have no money.

A. that B. which C. the fact D. the fact that

4. The fact he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why

5.“What are you doing here, Joan?” Robert asked.

A. Robert asked Joan: what she is doing there. B. Robert asked Joan what she was doing there.

C. Robert asked her what was she doing there. D. Robert asked Joan she was doing what there.

6. Is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There B. This C. That D. It

7.They have no idea at all .

where has he gone B. which place he has gone C. where he has gone D. where did he go

8. The reason he has been such a success he never gives up.

A. is because B. is what C. is that D. is

9. Mathematics is the base of all other sciences.

A. This is because B. This is that C. It is that D. Because

10. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer .

A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being

C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be

11. The reason why he hasn’t come is .

A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill

C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill

12. The man asked .

A. what was going on there B. what it was going on there

C. what’s going on there D. what going on there

13. leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.

A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

14. It was possible, but not probable manager of the firm.

A. he will be elected B. he must be elected

C.that he would be elected D. that he must be elected

15.It’s uncertain the experiment is worth doing. A. if B. that C. whether D. how

16. I have will be yours sooner or later.

No matter what B. No matter whatever C. Whatever D. That

17.I’ll eat you give me.

A. no matter what B. no matter whatever C. whatever D. what

18. I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind.

That; that B. Which; what C. What; what D. What; why

19.I wonder how much .

A. cost these shoes B. do these shoes cost

C. these shoes cost D. are these shoes cost

20. I will accept the gift is none of your business.

A. If B. Whether C. What D. Which

21.We could see the tower clearly from we were standing.

where B. there C. which D. it

22. there is life on another planet is almost impossible.

A. How B. That C. Why D. Whether

23.The demand the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable.

A. what B. that C. which D. when

24. was a well-known fact.

That their team was weak B. That their team being weak

C. Their team was weak D. If their team was weak

25.Has it been announced the planes are to take off?

A. when B. what C. where D. who

26.Nobody knew .

A. where he comes B. where he was from

C. where he is from D. where does he come from

27.Father asked .

A. what was wrong with me B. what’s wrong with me

C. what wrong was with me D. what wrong is with me

28.The trouble is we are short of tools.

A. what B. that C. how D. why that

29.It is possible he misunderstood ____ I said.

A. that; that B. what; what C. what; that D. that; what

30.The fact he is an orphan is well known. A. what B. that C. which D. /

31. I was free that evening.

A. It happened to B. It happened that C. That happened D. It was happened that

32. in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday.

A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said

33.Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain.

A. what B. all what C. that D. which

34.The problem is will go.

A. that B. that who C. who D. whoever

35. nothing to do with us.

A. What he did is B. What he has done C. What did he do D. What he has done has

36.The reason is I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what

37.That is we were absent last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what

38. is announced, all the schools will reopen soon.

A. It B. That C. As D. When

39. is announced that all the schools will reopen soon.

A. It B. That C. Which D. As

40.She will give needs help a warm support. A. what B. which C. whoever D. whom

41. she needs is to have a good rest.

A. That B. What C. Whoever D. The things what

42.They couldn’t understand I refused. A. what B. why C. that D. where

43. I am anxious to know is we can visit the Museum.

What; that B. What; when C. That; where D. Where; when

44. was lying.

Those who told you that B. Anyone told you C. Whoever told you D. Whoever told you that

45.A man’s worth lies not so much in he has as in he is.

A. that; what B. what; what C. that; that D. what ; that

46.. shall finish the work before May Day is possible.

A. What we B. That we C. Because we D. We

47..I have not found my bike yet; in fact, I could have done with it I’m not sure.

A. where B. whether C. how D. what

48. It is doubtful ____ he knows it or not. A. whether B. what C. when D. that

49. It was ____ he said ____ disappointed me most. A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that, what

50. ---I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply. ---Oh, that was probably ____ I was seeing the doctor.

A. when B. why C. what D. that

The answers:

1-5 BADAB 6-10 DCCAA 11-15 CACCC 16-20 CCDCB

21-25 ABBAA 26-30 BABDB 31-35 BBACD 36-40 ACCAC

41-46 BBBDB 46- 50 BBAAA