Unit 1 Good Friends
學習要點
通過本單元的學習, 了解如何談論朋友及朋友的真正含義。同時學習有關間接引語的語法知識。
[詞匯]
funny: causing amusement; laughter
smart: having or showing intelligence; clever
describe: say what sb./sth is like
loyal: true and faithful
express: show or make known (a feeling, an opinion, etc) by words, actions, etc
imagine: form a mental image of sth.
survive: continue to live or exist, though nearly being killed or destroyed
list: make a list of things
compass: device (裝置) for finding direction, with a needle that points to magnetic north
crash: fall or strike sth. Suddenly and noisily
land: reach the ground after a jump or fall
deserted : with no one present
challenge: difficult, demanding task
realize: be fully aware (明白的) of or accept sth. as a fact; understand
suppose : accept as true or probable; believe; imagine
parachute: device for making people or objects fall slowly and safely when dropped from a plane
pal: friend
[短語和句型]
[日常交際用語]
What should a good friend be like? 好朋友該是什么樣的人呢?
What’s your opinion? 你有什么見解？
重點、難點解析
1. What should a good friend be like? 好朋友該是什么樣的人呢?
be like 象……樣子 (既可用來詢問人的外貌特征又可用來詢問人的品格)
---What is Tom like?
---He’s tall. / He’s a very smart boy.
注意比較: look like這個短語一般只用來問人的外貌特征。 如:
---What does Miss White look like?
---Cool! She has got two big beautiful eyes.
2. What qualities should a good friend have? 好朋友該具備那些特點呢?
quality (n.) 質(zhì)量; 性質(zhì); 品質(zhì);特點, 特性
He bought his wife a watch of good quality. 他給妻子買了一塊質(zhì)量很不錯的手表。
This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either. 這種新型號質(zhì)量非常好,而且也不貴。
Tim has qualities of leadership. Tim具有領導才能。
3. loyal (adj.) 忠實的;忠誠的
I’m a loyal fan of Tom hanks. 我是Tom Hanks的忠實影迷。
He’s a loyal supporter of the Green Peace organization. 他是綠色和平組織的忠實擁護者。
loyal 一詞常和介詞to搭配使用
We should be/stay loyal to our motherland. 我們應該忠誠于自己的祖國。
He didn’t stay loyal to his army and told everything to the enemy.
他背叛了自己的軍隊,把一切都告訴了敵人。
4. A good friend is someone who makes me happy. 好朋友是使我快樂的人。
make sb. adj.
His words made everybody in the room happy. 他的話使屋里的人都很高興。
We’d better stop talking about it or he’ll be made sad. 咱們別談論這事了，要不該讓他傷心了。
make sb. do sth 讓某人干某事
The teacher made us memorize 100 English words a day. 老師讓我們一天記住個100單詞。
注意這個句式的被動語態(tài)應該在do前加上to. 所以上面的句子若改寫成被動句則應為:
we are made to memorize 100 English words a day.
類似的短語還有: see/hear/find sb. do sth. 如:
He was seen to steal the money on the table. 有人看到他偷了桌子上的錢。
注意see/hear/find這類的詞還可以跟see/hear sb. doing sth.的句式,但在變?yōu)楸粍訒r不用加to,保留doing的形式即可。 如:
I heard him quarrelling with his wife. 我聽到他正和妻子吵架。
He was heard quarrelling with his wife.
5. Imagine that you are alone on an island. 設想就你一個人在一個島嶼上。
imagine (vt.) 想象, 設想
Imagine a house with a big garden.設想一個帶有大花園的房子。
Imagine that you are the winner of the lottery. 想象一下你是彩票大獎的得主。
Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity?
你能想象出生活中沒有電是什么樣子嗎？
imagine doing sth. 想象, 設想
She imagined marrying a rich man. 她想象嫁一個有錢人的情景。
I imagine travelling around the world and tasting all the tasty foods in different countries.
我想象著周游世界，嘗遍各國美食的情景。
imagine…to…以為, 認為; 幻想
Don't imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要以為自己總是對。
She imagines herself to be a true artist. 她幻想自己成了一個真正的藝術家
6. You have to survive without friends… 你要在沒有朋友的情況下生存下來 ……
survive (vi).大難不死；死里逃生 / 在…之后還活著
Few survived after the flood. 洪水過后，生還者極少。
The man was very ill, but he survived. 這個人病得很厲害，可是他活下來了。
survive的名詞為survival幸存; survivor幸存者
The man's survival was surprising, as the doctors thought he would die.
這個人能活下來真是出人意外，因為醫(yī)生們認為他必死無疑。
She is the only survivor in the flood. 她是洪水中的唯一幸存者
7. List the three most useful items…列舉出三樣你認為最重要的東西……
list (vt.) 列出名單
I listed the things I wanted to buy. 我把要買的東西列了個單子。
He listed the people he hated. 他列出了他所恨的人名單。
make a list (n.) of…
You’d better make a list of the things you need. 你最好把所需要的東西列個清單。
8. Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. Tom Hanks扮演一位名叫Chuck Noland的人。
play a man…扮演……
He played the prince in the play. 他在劇中扮演王子。
She is always dreaming of playing a character in a movie.她總是夢想著能在一部電影里演個角色。
9. Chuck Noland is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
Chuck Nolnad是一個商人，總是忙得不可開交，幾乎抽不出時間給朋友。
so…that…如此……以至……
He is so clever that nobody can match him. 他十分聰明，無人能敵。
It is so hot here that we can’t bear it any more. 這讓我們熱得受不了。
注意當that后的句子是否定句時，通常可以用too…to… (太……而不能……) 改寫。
The book is so difficult that we can not understand it. 這本書太難了,我們都看不懂。
The book is too difficult for us to understand.
10. He is a successful manager… 他是個成功的經(jīng)理人……
successful (adj.) 成功的
He is a successful businessman. 他是個成功的商人。
success (n.) 成功
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
成功之人；成功的事 (抽象名詞具體化)
If you want to be a success in study you must be hardworking. 如果你想在學習上獲得成功,你必須刻苦。
He was not a success as a headmaster. 就作校長而言, 他不是一個成功者。
The conference was a success. 大會開得很成功。
succeed (vi.) succeed in doing sth.
He succeeded in passing the MBA examination. 他成功得通過了MBA考試。
We succeeded in helping him out of danger. 我們成功得把他從危險中解救出來。
11. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天Chuck正乘飛機飛躍太平洋，突然飛機失事了。
when (rel adv.) 就在這/那時；突然
They were talking with delight when one of them said he must leave.
他們正談得高興，突然其中一個說要走。
They were walking towards their village when suddenly some gangsters stopped them and asked for money. 他們正朝村子走, 這時忽然有歹徒攔住了去路索要錢財。
crash (vi.) 通常用來表示飛機失事或汽車相撞
The cars crashed into each other. 小汽車轟然相撞。
Just a few seconds, the plane crashed. 僅幾秒鐘的時間飛機就墜毀了。
crash (n.)
It was not long before a helicopter arrived on scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
不久，一架直升飛機飛到現(xiàn)場，來營救飛機失事的幸存者。
12. Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island where there are no people. Chuck 在墜機事件中幸存下來，登上了一個荒蕪人煙的島嶼。
land (vi./vt.) 登陸/使著陸
The plane will land in five minutes. 飛機將在五分鐘后降落。
We landed safely. 我們安全著陸了。
The pilot landed the plane. 飛行員將飛機著陸。
The ship landed the goods at Shanghai. 船在上海卸貨。
deserted (adj.) 荒蕪的, 荒廢的, 為人所棄的
a deserted house 被離棄的房子
a deserted wife 遭遺棄的妻子
13. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 或許最大的挑戰(zhàn)就是如何在沒有朋友幫助的情況下得以生存。
challenge (n.) 挑戰(zhàn)
This examination is a real challenge. 這次考試是一次真正的挑戰(zhàn)。
Do you want a challenge? 你想來次挑戰(zhàn)嗎？
(vt.)向…挑戰(zhàn)；邀請比賽
Their school challenged ours to a football match. 他們學校向我們學校挑戰(zhàn)，要進行足球比賽。
The new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)向傳統(tǒng)觀念提出了異議。
14. He realizes that he hasn’t been a good friend… 他意識到自己一直沒能算得上是別人的好朋友……
realize/realise (vt.) 認識到, 了解; 實現(xiàn)；實行
He has realized his mistake 他已經(jīng)認識到了自己的過錯 。
She realized her dream of becoming an actress. 她實現(xiàn)了當演員的夢想。
realization (n.)
15. …h(huán)e becomes fond of Wilson… 他開始喜歡Wilson了
become/be fond of…特別喜愛…
I am not fond of eating meat. 我不喜歡吃肉。
He became fond of police and bandit movies. 他開始喜歡上警匪片了。
16. He talks to wilson and treats him as a friend. 他和Wilson交談，把Wilson視為朋友。
treat (vt.) 對待；使用
He treated the animal cruelly. 他殘忍地對待這只動物。
Glass must be treated carefully. 玻璃必須小心使用。
treat…as…視為，以為； 治療
He treated his mistake as a joke. 他把他的錯誤當作玩笑看待。
She treated those kids as her own. 她把那些孩子視為親生。
A doctor’s job is to treat an illness醫(yī)生的工作就是治病。
17. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow. Chuck知道了我們需要有朋友來和我們同甘共苦。
share (vt.) 分享,共有
We shared the sweets. 我們分吃了糖果。
They share their joys and sorrows. 他們同甘共苦。
share sth. with sb. 把某事告訴別人
He shared the story with us. 他給我們講了這個故事。
I’d like to share my experience with you. 我愿意把我的經(jīng)歷告訴你們。
18. Most of our friends are human beings… 我們所交的大多數(shù)朋友都是人類
human being (n.) 人類; 一個人
a fine human being. 一個好人
we’re all human beings. 我們都是人。
19. The lesson we can learn from Chuck… 我們從Chuck身上所能吸取的教訓……
lesson (n.) 功課, (一節(jié))課; 教訓
We had a history lesson at school this morning. 我們今天早上在學校上了一堂歷史課。
I gave two lessons this morning. 今天上午我給學生上了兩節(jié)課。
Sally taught Jack a lesson. / Jack learned a lesson from Sally. Sally教訓了Jack一頓。
20. Imagine that four people were on board an airplane that was crashing. 假設有四個人在一架即將墜毀的飛機上。
go/be on board (the plane/ship) 在船上，在公共交通工具內(nèi)
We went on board the ship. 我們登上了輪船。
We felt uneasy to hear that one of the passengers on board was suffering SARS.
聽說船/飛機上有人得非典，我們深感不安。
21. Many people keep dogs as pets because dogs are regarded as… 許多人養(yǎng)寵物狗，因為他們把狗視為……
regard (vt.) 看待；對待 regard sb. (to be/as) … 把……視為……
We regard Bill Gates (to be / as) a hero in the world of software.我們視Bill Gates為軟件界的英雄。
He was regarded (to be/as) a rising star. 他被人們看作正在冉起的明星。
22. She said that she would try to finish reading the book by the end of this week. 她說周末之前看完這本書。
finish (vt.) finish sth./ doing sth
Have you finished your report? 你寫完報告了嗎?
He has finished playing the violin. 他已經(jīng)拉完小提琴了.
23. Why were you so excited today? 你今天怎么這么興奮呀？
excite (vt.) 使激動；使興奮
The news excited everybody in the dorm. 消息鼓舞了宿舍里的每個人。
excite 有兩種形式的形容詞: exciting和excited
exciting: 令人興奮的, 使人激動的 (用來形容事物本身讓人感到興奮)
The game is exciting. 這比賽令人激動。
The movie is exciting. 那電影讓人興奮。
excited激動的；興奮的 (用來形容人的感覺)
I feel excited at the news. 聽到這消息，我很興奮。
The excited children were opening their presents. 孩子們興奮地拆開他們的禮物。
類似還有如下的詞匯：
interesting/interested surprising/surprised disappointing/disappointed scaring/scared…
注意這兩種形容詞形式在修飾同一名詞時所表達的含義是不同的。 如：
excited voice是指講話者在講話時情緒激動，興奮
exciting voice是指說話人的聲音讓別人聽到之后令別人感到激動，興奮
a disappointed boy 是指這男孩本人因為什么事情感到很失望
a disappointing boy 是指這男孩的表現(xiàn)令別人感到失望
24. Suppose you are on an island with Chuck… 假設你和Chuck一起在一個島嶼上……
suppose (常與that連用）認定；猜想
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放學后想什么？
Suppose he doesn’t allow you to do it. 假如他不準你那么做。
be supposed to do sth. 應該；準；允許
We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不準我們在星期日踢足球。
The train is supposed to arrive in half an hour. 火車應該半小時后到。
25. But what is an e-pal or key pal? 但什么是e-pal或key pal呢？
pal (n.) (口語) 朋友
We’ve been pals for years. 我們是多年的朋友。
Dad, I’ve got several e-pals. 爸，我有幾個網(wǎng)友。
注意這里的e-的原形詞是electronic. 它的意思是電子的。其他詞匯如下：
e-mail (electronic-mail) 電子郵件
e-journal 電子出版物,電子雜志
e-zine 電子雜志
e-card 電子賀卡
26. If you are interested being friends, drop me a line. 如果你有興趣交朋友的話, 請寫信給我.
drop sb. a line 的意思是write to sb.
27. I admit I made a mistake. 我承認犯了個錯誤.
admit (vt.) (admitted/admitted) 承認
He admitted his crime. 他招認了罪行。
He never admits that he is wrong. 他從不承認自己錯了。
John has admitted breaking the window. 約翰已承認打碎了窗子。
28. What’s your opinion? 你什么意見?
opinion (n.) 意見, 看法
He asked his father's opinion about his plans. 他征求爸爸對他的計劃的意見。
In my opinion, you're wrong. 依我看，你錯了。
29. If you please…要是你樂意的話……
please (vt.) 使高興；使喜歡；取悅
I am pleased that you have a new job. 我很高興你有了一個新工作。
He is pleased with his new job. 他對自己的新工作很滿意。
(vi.) 選擇；喜歡
Come and stay as long as you please. 來吧！你喜歡住多久就住多久。
Come and play baseball with us, if you please. 要是你樂意就和我們一起打棒球吧.
基礎題解析
---What does your best friend look like?
---He’s ___.
A. smart B. kind C. tall D. rude
【解析】答案為C。 記住be like 即可用來詢問外貌特征又可用來詢問人的品質(zhì)而look like一般是用來詢問外貌特征的，所以選C。
He is loyal ___ his company.
A. for B. in C. at D. to
【解析】答案為D。 考查短語be loyal to…
Tom makes us ___.
A. to be happy B. happy C. be happy D. being happy
【解析】答案為B。考查短語make sb. adj.
易錯題解析
1. He was running the red light ___ a policeman stopped him.
A. then B. when C. while D. as
【解析】答案為 B。 when在本句中的意思為“突然”或“就在這時”。
2. Bob was made ___ the classroom all by himself.
A. clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleaned
【解析】答案為C。此題是考查make sb. do sth 這一句式的被動形式。記住變被動時要加上to。
3. Can you tell me ___ tomorrow?
A. what’s the weather going t be like B. what the weather is going to be like
C. how the weather is going to be like D. how is the weather going to be like
【解析】答案為B。此題考查間接引語。間接引語問題要注意兩點：1.語序 2.時態(tài) 此題沒有涉及到時態(tài)問題，而只是語序問題。間接引語中要使用陳述語序，故可排除A、D兩項。句中的like為介詞，故排除C項。
高考題解析
1. I can hardly imagine Peter ___ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET.91)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
【解析】答案為C。 imagine 后的賓語應該接動名詞而不是其他形式。句中的 Peter一詞稱為sailing的邏輯主語，可以用所有格形式Peter’s也可以用普通形式Peter。
2. He asked ___ for the violin. (NMET.92)
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
【解析】答案為D。考查間接引語的語序問題。
3. You can’t imagine ___ when they received these nice Christmas presents. (上海.94.)
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
【解析】答案為B。how作為賓語從句的連詞時，若有修飾部分，應將“how + 所修飾部分”一起放在從句句首，形成“主句 + how + 所修飾部分 + 主語 + 謂語”句許序。
本單元綜合訓練
I. 單項選擇
1. ---It’s beautiful day, isn’t it?
---___?
A. Yes, it is B. Yes, isn’t it C. No, it is D. No, it isn’t
2. The river is regarded ___ one of the cleanest rivers in the area.
A. being B. as being C. to be D. be
3. Have you finished ___ the letter?
A. type B. to type C. typed D. typing
4. ---My father will be here tomorrow.
---Oh, I thought that he ___.
A. was coming B. is coming C. will come D. comes
5. She is ___ at the ___ news.
A. exciting/excited B. excited/excited C. exciting/exciting D. excited/exciting
6. The movie was ___ boring ___ I couldn’t bear it any more.
A. too/that B. too/to C. so/to D. so/that
7. I was leaving the room ___ it began to rain.
A. then B. while C. so D. when
8. Sally is fond ___ light music.
A. of B. for C. at D. in
9. The boss treated his employees ___ his brothers and sisters.
A. be B. as C. being D. as to be
10. Betty ___ a lesson from the accident.
A. taught B. gave C. learned D. made
11. Judy was made ___ her dog’s shit.
A. clean B. cleaned C. cleaning D. to clean
12. Come and join us if you ___.
A. pleased B. please C. pleasing D. be pleased
13. He is ___ but he never feels ___.
A. lonely/alone B. lonely/lonely C. alone/lonely D. alone/alone
14. He wore a respirator (口罩) in public places in order ___ SARS.
A. to catch B. not to catch C. to catching D. not to catching
15. Mr. Brave felt ___ when he learned his next-door neighbor was a SARS patient.
A. scaring B. scared C. to scare D. be scared
16. If you are interested in being friends, drop me a line. “Drop me a line” means ___.
A. talk to me B. write to me C. give me a call D. ring me
17. Being friends, we ___ treat each other genuinely (真誠地).
A. are suppose to B. suppose to C. are supposed to D. supposed to
18. ---would you like to have a swim with us?
---I will ask my parents ___.
A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
19. You have no idea ___ those days.
A. that we were how busy B. how busy were we
C. that how we were busy D. how busy we were
20. He asked ____.
A. what is the matter B. what was the matter
C. what the matter is D. what the matter was
II. 完形填空
One day a mother rat and her babies were out in an open field. They were playing and having a wonderful time __21__ suddenly a hungry cat came on the scene! It hid __22__ a big tree and some time later, __23__ forward through the tall grass __24__ it could almost hear the rats talking. __25__ the mother rat and her babies knew __26__ was happening, the hungry cat __27__ from his hiding place and started to run __28__ them.
The mother rat and her babies all __29__ right sway. They hurried towards __30__ home, which was under some large stones. __31__ frightened were the baby rats that they could not run very __32__. Closer and closer the cat came. In __33__ time the cat would be upon __34__. What was to be done?
Then the mother rat stopped running her way suddenly, __35__ round and faced the cat, __36__ “Wow! Wow!” just like __37__ dog. The cat was so surprised and __38__ that it ran away at once.
The mother rat turned to her babies, “Now you see __39__ important it is to learn __40__ second language!”’
21. A. when B. nearly C. of course D. then
22. A. by B. on C. between D. behind
23. A. looked B. jumped C. stole D. climbed
24. A. when B. before C. until D. while
25. A. Before B. After C. As D. If
26. A. where B. when C. what D. how
27. A. jumped B. was jumping C. would jump D. had jumped
28. A. over B. on C. after D. before
29. A. afraid B. ran away C. looked up D. surprised
30. A. X B. to C. for D. their
31. A. Very B. So C. Much D. Too
32. A. soon B. hardly C. quick D. fast
33. A. a little B. little C. no D. a short
34. A. that B. it C. them D. him
35. A. turned B. turning C. to turn D. turn
36. A. said B. shouted C. saying D. shouting
37. A. a hungry B. an angry C. the running D. was a
38. A. pleased B. excited C. frightened D. sad
39. A. what B. very C. how D. just
40. A. the B. your C. other D. a
III. 閱讀理解
“In the old days,” as one wife said, “the husband was the husband and the wife was the wife. Husbands each had their own way of going on. The wives’ jobs were to look after them. The wives wouldn’t stand for it nowadays. Husbands help with the children now. They stay more in the home and have more interest in the home.” We shall give some examples of what husbands do, firstly, in sharing work with their wives, and secondly, in their largely independent (獨立的) domain (領域) of house repairs.
Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day. Mr. Hummond washed up the dishes every night and lays breakfast for the morning. Mr. Clark said that on Sunday morning he usually hovered (吸塵) around for her while she did a bit of washing. Mr. Davis polished the floors and helps to make the beds at the weekends, and during the week takes the dog out for one of his twice daily walks. So it goes on…
41. The words “act as assistants to their wives” means that ___.
A. husbands really play around
B. husbands are paid by their wives
C. husbands help their wives
D. husbands look after their children
42. In the first paragraph one wife’s words mean that ___.
A. before liberation men stayed at home all day
B. in the past, there was a clear division of roles in the family
C. in the past, most boys and girls were married
D. before liberation, wives and husbands lived alone
43. What does Mr. Davis do at the weekends?
A. He clean the floors and makes the bedclothes tidy
B. He reads plays around and odes the weekly shopping
C. He hangs about and sweeps beds out of wood
D. He takes the dog out for a walk
44. In the past, the women’s main jobs were to ___.
A. take the children to school
B. take care of their husbands
C. do the washing up
D. did the garden
45. The passage is mainly about ___.
A. the division of husbands, wives and dogs
B. how to get on well with husbands and wives
C. the relationship between husbands, wives and children
D. the relationship between husbands, wives today
IV. 短文改錯
Tim was quiet, serious man. He had studied very hard 46. ____________
all year. When he had been passed his examination, 47. ____________
his friend Bob went to see him and have a friendly 48. ____________
talk with him. “You’ve never gone to a dance, Tim” 49. ____________
he said. “You’ve worked hard for these days. Come out 50. ____________
with me this evening. Just for a change.” 51. ____________
“Maybe you are right, Bob.” Replied Tim before thinking 52. ____________
for a moment. So they went to dance but had a 53. ____________
good time. But Tim drank too many. Bob 54. ____________
was worried him and took him to his room. 55. ____________
V. 書面表達
根據(jù)提示，以 “How to learn English well? ”為題寫一篇小短文
提示：1。有的同學認為，只要掌握語法規(guī)則和盡可能多記單詞，就能學好英語。2。你不完全同意他們的看法，你認為只記單詞是不夠的。必須通過實踐、也就是通過聽說讀寫來學習英語。 3。怎樣才能多用英語呢，在課內(nèi)外我多講，平時盡可能多讀多聽，用英語記日記、寫信、寫小故事等都很有用。
( 參考詞匯: grammar rules /It is not enough (for sb) to do sth / learn…sth by heart / do good to sb )
參考答案：
本單元綜合訓練
I. 單項選擇
1-5 BCDAD 6-10 DDABC 11-15 DBCBB 16-20 BCCDB
II. 完形填空
21-25 ADCCA 26-30 CACBD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40 DBCCD
III. 閱讀理解 41-45 CBABD
IV. 改錯
46.was后加a 47.去掉been 48.have改為had 49.gone改為been 50.去掉for 51正確
52.before改為after 53.but 改為and 54. many改為much 55.worried后加about
V. 短文寫作
How to Learn English Well
Some students seem to think that if you know grammar rules and try to learn more words by heart, you can learn English well. But I don’t think so. I think it is not enough only to remember grammar rules and words. If you want to learn English well you must seize (抓住) every chance to do listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
How can you practise English more? You must speak English in and out of class and try to read and listen more. Keeping diaries, writing letters and writing short stories in English will do good to you. (do you good)