Unit11
1. Criterion (n)( 復(fù)數(shù) ---ria). 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；尺度 =standard
[例] what are the ~ for deciding who gets the prize? 獲獎?wù)咭允裁礊闃?biāo)準(zhǔn)?
2. stick with 繼續(xù)支持；保持聯(lián)系+ sb/sth
(1)支持 I'm ~ing with my idea. 我堅(jiān)持我原來的主張(=stick sth out 堅(jiān)持到底,一直忍下去)
(2)保持聯(lián)系 Stick with me, and you’ll be all right. 有事找我就沒問題
△stick (Unit8) 有關(guān)stick 的詞組:
stick+ at sth 堅(jiān)持不懈(persevere): if we ~ it ,we should finish the job today.
by sb 繼續(xù)支持并忠于某人（尤指逆境）[support and be loyal to sb]
sth down / in (into) / on 粘住/粘貼在……內(nèi)/粘貼……上
(sth) out (1)伸出 (2)堅(jiān)持(+for)
up 豎起，突起 *stick sth up 用槍脅迫以便搶劫(a bank / post office)
△辨析: Stick with sth / sb 某人或某人觀點(diǎn)
stick (sth) out (雖不愉快)堅(jiān)持到底，一直忍下去。 He hates the job, but he’s determined to stick it out.
stick to sth (1)不放棄或不改變某事物。Would you like some wine?-----No, I’ll ~ bear
(2)盡管有困難，繼續(xù)做。~ a task until it is finished.
3. through thick and thin 不顧艱難[in spite of all the difficulties ] [例]He remained loyal to me ~.
△ 有關(guān)thick, thin的詞組:
(as) thick as thieves .非常親密，要好。 be thick with sb / sth 充滿某物，擠滿人。
(as) thick as two short planks + very stupid非常蠢 thick and fast 又快又多。 Offers of help are coming ~.
be skating on thin ice[idm]如履薄冰 have a thin time (f it)不好受的，受挫的。Houston Rockets have been having ~ recently
4. pull out of (1)從……中退出(2)駛離……
[例]They are pulling their troops out of the battle zone.他們正把部隊(duì)調(diào)離戰(zhàn)區(qū)。
△有關(guān)pull的詞組:
pull + ahead (of sb / sth)領(lǐng)先于…… The car pulled ahead as soon as the road was clear .搶道。
sb / sth down 使……虛弱。/ 拆除
sb in (1)拘留 (2)吸引
sth in =earn 掙
in /into sth (1)火車進(jìn)站 (2)駛進(jìn)某處 The bus pulled in to the side of the road.
over 閃到一邊 Pull your over and let me pass! Her up as a
(sb) round / through 幫助某人恢復(fù)知覺或康復(fù)。
Together 同心協(xié)力
(sth) / (sb) up 停下 / 糾正，訓(xùn)斥某人。
up/to/with sb / sth 改善地位，趕上 =catch up with
5. summary (n) 總結(jié)、概要。Here is a summary of the news .以下是新聞?wù)?/p>
in summary 總的說來。
（adj）概括的、扼要的。summarily dismissed立即開除。
△ sum: (n) the sum of …總和、總數(shù)。 [C.U]
a sum of =amounts=a great deal of + [U]
in sum 簡言之
(v) sum (sth) up總結(jié)、概括.
sum sb / sth up 形成對某人/某物的看法。[例] I summed her up as a competent manager.能干
summarize (ise) (v) summation (n) (1) 總結(jié)、概括.a ~ of the evidence 對供詞進(jìn)行的總結(jié)。
(2) 有代表性的整體 The exhibition was a ~ of his life’s works. 這次展覽匯集了他一生中的的典型作品。
6.percentage (n) (1) [C]百分比、百分率The salesmen get a ~ on everything he sell百分比傭金
(2) 比例、部分。What ~ of his income is taxable?
△ percent: (n)百分之一、百分比What ~ of the population reads / read books? 識字的人占百分之幾？
(adj/adv) 每一百中（的）working 20 ~ harder
7.frequency (n) 頻率、頻繁[U]--frequent(adj/v常去)------frequently (adv)
In frequency [例] Fatal accidents have decreased ~ over recent years .
8.questionnaire (n) 問卷、調(diào)查表。[例] Please complete and return the ~
questioningly 表示懷疑地 (adv)
questionable (adj) 有問題、可疑的。
9.reputation [U.C] ~ (for sth) 名聲、名譽(yù)、名氣
have a ~ for laziness / being lazy 有一個……名氣，以……出名。
establish / build up /make a ~ (for oneself) （為自己）樹立（博得）名聲
live up to one’s ~ .不負(fù)盛名
Repute (v) be ~d as /to be sb /sth. 普遍稱為或當(dāng)作是…… [例]He’ ~d as /to be the best doctor in Paris.
[U](1) know sb only by … 對某人僅聞其名 (2) of ~ 名聲好的： wines / a doctor 名酒、名醫(yī)
reputed (adj) -----reputedly (adv)
10.collegue (n)同事、同僚 [例] Nash is a ~ of mine (profession) 專業(yè)、職業(yè) [mate 伙伴同事（口）]
11.Suspect (v) (1)vt. [have an idea of the existence or truth of sth ; believe] 相信。
[例] He ~ed an ambush . 埋伏。 I strongly ~ that they’re trying to get rid of me
(2)vt [doubt or distrust] 懷疑、不信任 ~ sb’s motives 動機(jī)
(3)vi. ~ sb (of sth / doing sth )懷疑某人有罪。 [例] What do the ~ of the crime ? 警方懷疑誰作的案
(n)嫌疑犯、可疑對象。He’s a prime ~ in the murder case 他是這次謀殺案的主要懷疑對象。
(adj) 不可靠、不可信、可疑的 [例] His statements are ~ .
12 . management (n) (1)[U]管理 (2)管理部門；主管人員 (3)[U]與人交流的技巧；手腕。[例] He gets them to accept it by ~
manage (v) (1)vt. a.負(fù)責(zé)，經(jīng)營，管理 b. 控制，照管 He’s good at ~ing his money .
(2)vt.vi ~ (on sth ); ~ (without sb / sth) 做成，應(yīng)付……
I can’t borrow the money ,so I’ll have to ~ without. ……只好將就了……
I just can’t manage (ie live ) on $50 a week. In spite of these insults , she ~d not to get angry.忍著
I couldn’t mange (ie eat ) another ting, I’m afraid. 我看我再也吃不下了。
(常與can / could 連用) ie speak, live, eat, succeed, write, come to lunch.…
manageable (adj)能處理的，易管理 / 控制的 manager / manageress 經(jīng)理，女經(jīng)理 managerial (adj)經(jīng)理的，經(jīng)營的
13．Staff.(n) 全體職工；全體雇員（集體名詞，常作單數(shù)）
[例] We need more ~ in the office 增加人手 I have a ~ of ten我手下有十個職員 The ~ in this shop are very helpful.
(v)為……配備人員，擔(dān)任工作人員 a well-staffed hotel. 員工齊備的旅館
The school is stffed entirely by graduates. There’s nobody to ~ the office today.
14 . requirement(n)(esp.pl) (1)需要，要求，必要條件。Our immediate ~ is extra staff. 我們急需增加人手
(2)規(guī)定的或要求的事物 Legal entry ~s 合法入境規(guī)定
requisite (adj) （定） 需要的 ，必要的
(n) 必需品
15．For the sake of 由于 ，為----的利益 =owing to =due to
+ n △for sb’s/ sth’s sake 為了-----起見
sb./sth.
sth. /doing sth. /sb’s doing sth 為獲得或保存某事物
Ο For God’s sake ,stop ! 看在上帝面上，停下來！
Ο She argues for the sake of arguing. 她因?yàn)楹棉q而與人爭論
16 .in reality 事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上 =in fact=as a matter of fact=really=actually
The house looks very old ,but ~ it’s quite new
17 . individual (adj . n) ~ly(adv)
adj (定)①單獨(dú)的，個別的 : each ~ person 每人
② a 一個人的， 供一個人用的 It is difficult for a teacher to give ~ attention to children in a big class
b 靠個人的，來自個人的 an ~ effort / contribution ,etc 個人的努力，貢獻(xiàn)等
③ 獨(dú)特的， 特有 =unique ,in an ~ way用獨(dú)創(chuàng)的方式
n ①個人 ②有某種特點(diǎn)的人 ③不尋常的或古怪的 He’s quite an ~ 他是個十足的怪人
Οindividualism 個人主義 individualist 個人主義者
18 . temporary (adj) 暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的 a ~ job, This arrangement is only ~ 這不是暫時(shí)的安排
temporally (adv), temporariness [U] temporarize (ise) vi 拖延， 敷衍 a ~ ing move 一步緩棋
19.coach (n) 教練；長途汽車。
v. ~ sb (for / in sth ) 輔導(dǎo)或訓(xùn)練某人…… [例] ~ sb in math ~ sb for the Olympics
20.cooperate (vi) 合作，協(xié)作
Ο co-(pref) + 動、形、副、名。 共同，一起，聯(lián)合
[例] co-produced 聯(lián)合生產(chǎn) co-star , co-driver
21．Uncertain (adj) ①不確切，無把握+about / of sth ②不明確，不可靠His arm is ~ ③常變化~weather ④猶豫，遲疑
⑤(idm)in no uncertain terms清楚而有力。 [例] I told him what I thought of him in no uncertain terms
~ly (adv) ~ty (n) [U] 不確定 [C] 無把握的事
22．Expectation (n) [U]預(yù)料，期望 [C]有信心的指望His parents have great ~s for his future
expect: ① ~ sth (from sb / sth ) 預(yù)料，期待。 ~ (sth ) to do ② ~ sth (from sb ) 要求（某人）謀事物
③ 認(rèn)為，猜想Will he be late?----I expect so
Ο expect too much ( of sb ) 對……期望過高 only to be expected 可能發(fā)生，相當(dāng)正常
23．Division(n) ① [U]分，分割，劃分，除（法） the ~ of wealth 財(cái)產(chǎn)分配 ②分割出來的一部分
③[C][U]歧異、差別、分化現(xiàn)象the deep / widening ~s in society today.
divisive (adj) 造成不和的，導(dǎo)致分裂的 ~ly (adv) ~ness [U]
divide (v) ①分割 ~ sth (up / into sth ) ~ A from B ②分配 ~sth (out / up ) ③~ A by B : A除以B ~into sth （用某數(shù)）除某數(shù)
24.rugby(n) （英式）橄欖球 Rugby League 橄欖球大聯(lián)盟
25．Keep an eye on 照料照管=attend to =care for =take care of sth =watch=do up
[Unit5] keep an eye out for sth. / sb 留心，注意
26．Compromise (n) [U]妥協(xié)、和解、折衷Most wage claims are one settled by ~
[C]~ between / on sth Can the two sides reach a ~?雙方能互讓和解嗎？
Compromise (v) ①vi ~ (on sth )用折衷方案解決爭端、分歧
②vt使……陷入危險(xiǎn)境地或受懷疑 ③vt修改、更改、減弱、緩和 She refused to ~ her principles
27．Excite (vt)使興奮、激動
28．Regulation(n) ①[U]管理、調(diào)節(jié)、控制 the ~ of share prices股價(jià)
②[C](pl)規(guī)章、條例 safety / traffic ~s Οcontrary to / against ~s違章
regulate(vt) ①以規(guī)章、制度控制或管理 ~ one’s conduct / lifestyle行為、生活方式
②調(diào)整、控制 （儀器、機(jī)械等） =adjust +a clock /the flow of water
29．Bureaucratic(adj)(常貶)官僚的，官僚制度的~government官僚政府 ~ally(adv)
bureaucrat(n)官員 bureaucracy官僚制度
30.take…into account考慮、體諒 =take…into consideration=take account of sth
[例] When judging his performance ,don’t take his age into account
31．dynamic (adj) ①動力的 ②精力充沛的，有力的a dynamic person
(n) 產(chǎn)生變化、行動或影響的力量the inner ~ of a historical period某歷史時(shí)期的內(nèi)在力量
~ally (adv) Ο dynamics力學(xué) dynamism[U]精力、活力、干勁
32shortcoming（常復(fù)）(n) 缺點(diǎn)、缺陷 a system / person with many ~s
33.embarrass(vt) a 使尷尬，為難I was ~ed by his comments about my clothes b. 使不安，焦慮 ~ by lack of money
~ing (adj) ~ingly (adv) ~ment[U]焦急、憂患[C]焦慮的人或物 *(idm)an ~ of riches好東西太多而難以選擇
34.contradictory(adj)互相矛盾的、對立的 ~ comments / statements / reports
contradict(v) ①vi.反駁、批駁That is truth ,and don’t you dare ~(me)
②vt與……相反或矛盾the two statements ~ each other這兩種說法互相抵觸
contradiction(n) ~ between sth and sth Ο(idm) a ~ in terms 詞語矛盾 ‘A generous miser’ is a ~慷慨的吝嗇鬼
35.violent(adj) ①暴力的、強(qiáng)烈的 a state of ~ shock 在萬分震驚中violence(n)
②厲害的、極度的 ~ winds / storms / earthquakes / change / contrast
36.explosion(n) ⑴a.爆炸（聲） explode [ ①爆炸vt.vi.②vi.使人沖動、激動 + with / in / into sth
[例] He exploded with anger ~ into loud laughter ]
b. （憤怒、笑聲）迸發(fā)an ~ of rage 勃然大怒
⑵激增 a population ~ , the ~ of oil price ⑶破除、推翻 ~ a superstition迷信
37．Resign(vi) ①放棄、辭去 ~ from sth ②聽任、順從~ oneself to sth / doing sth; be ~ed to one’s fate 聽天由命
resigned(adj) （定）順從的，逆來順受的~ to sth / doing sth 心甘情愿的 ~ly(adv)
resignation(n)[U]放棄 [C]辭呈
38．Ambitious(ambition)有雄心的 ~to be / do sth ; ~ (for sth ) [例] ~ to succeed in life 立志要有所成就
~ for one’s children望子成龍
39．As a whole普遍說來,作為整體=generally speaking=in general [例] Is the collection going to be divided up or sold ~?
Οon the whole總的說來 ~, I’m in favor of the idea.
40.actual(adi)=real 事實(shí)的，真實(shí)的，實(shí)際的 ~ly (adv) ~ity (n) Οactualities實(shí)際情況，事實(shí)
41．Definite(adj). (a) 明確的，確切的 a ~ decision / opinion / change
(b)（表）~ about sth / that…肯定，有把握 It’s now ~ that the plane crashed
~ly(adv) define sth as sth
42.stall:攤位，鋪?zhàn)?a bookstall , a fruit stall , stall-holder攤主
43. hairdresser=barber理發(fā)師，美發(fā)師
44. congratulate(vt)祝賀，慶賀 ~ sb (on sth) ; ~ oneself (on / doing sth )
45.smooth(adj)①. 光滑的，平坦的，平靜的 a ~ skin / road /sea
~ly(adv) ② 順利的，無困難的 a ~ journey
~ness(n) ③.平穩(wěn)的， 不搖晃的 a ~ ride in a good car ; ~ Breasting
④ 味美的， 不苦的， 柔和的 a ~voice Δ in ~ water(s) 一帆風(fēng)順
46 finance(n)①[U] 財(cái)政 an expect in ~ ②[U] ~ (for sth ) 資金 ③[C] 財(cái)源， 財(cái)力
(V) 提供資金 提供款項(xiàng) The fund is partly ~d by government
financial(adj)財(cái)務(wù)的， 金融的
47.once again再一次=again =once more
48.combination(n) ①[U]結(jié)合， 混合，聯(lián)合，組合…The product is the of two firms
②[C]……的人或事物，混合物， 聯(lián)合體
combine(v) ~ (with sth ) ~A with B 結(jié)合， 兼有兩種特性
49.bride新娘------- bridegroom 新郎
50.exceptional(adj)異常的， 罕見的， 杰出的， 突出的=unusual=outstanding
~ly(adv) Οshow ~ musical ability 非凡的音樂才能
51.live up to 依照-----行事， 做到， 不辜負(fù) 52shame[U] 羞恥（感）， 恥辱. [C] 可恥的人或事 a ~
有關(guān) live 的短語 Δput sb / sth to shame 大大優(yōu)越于某人/某事物
live + it up 享受
a lie 虛偽做人 shame(v) ~ sb into / out of doing sth
rough 生活艱苦 shameful (adj) ~ly(adv)
sth down使談忘 shamefulness[U]
through幸存
with sth / sb 接受或容忍某現(xiàn)象
53.pursue(vt)① 追趕，追逐 + a wide animal / a thief
② 忙于……， 從事于……， 進(jìn)行…… I decide not to ~ the matter any further
Οpursuer(n)追捕者 pursuit(n)[U]追求， 尋求 [C]花精力做好事， 職業(yè)be engaged in / devote oneself to worthwhile ~s.
(idm)in pursuit (of sb / sth)追求某人[某物] in (hot) pursuit 窮追不舍
54.intellectual(adj) 智力的， 腦力的 ~ly(adv)
(n) 腦力勞動者
intelligence[U]智力，腦力
55.hands-on(adj)親身實(shí)踐的，實(shí)習(xí)的
有關(guān)hands短語:
all hands to the pump人人都該出把力
at sb’s hands出自某人之手
hands off(sth / sb)不許觸及（某物/人）
have one’s hands free / tired自行其是
in one’s / sb’s hands在某人支配、控制下
56.accommodate (v) ① ~ sth to sth適應(yīng)I’ll ~ any plans to yours
② ~ sb (with sth) 準(zhǔn)予或提供某人（某物） The bank will ~ you with a loan
③順應(yīng)，考慮到 ④供給，膳宿
accommodation (n)房間，住所，住宿 accommodating 隨和，樂于助人的
57．Complement (vt)補(bǔ)充，與……互補(bǔ)His business skill ~s her flair for design
他的經(jīng)營技巧和她的設(shè)技才能相輔相成
(n) ① ~ to sth 補(bǔ)充物 ② 需要的數(shù)額the ship’s ~ 編制名額
58.qualitative(adj)性質(zhì)的，質(zhì)量的 ~ analysis定性分析 quality質(zhì)量、品質(zhì)
59．Decline(vt) ①拒絕，使下降~ an invitation to dinner
(vi) ①拒絕 ②變小、變?nèi)酢⒆兩?a ~ing birth-rate . Her influence declined after she lost the election.
(n) ① ~ (in sth) （力量、權(quán)力、數(shù)量等）消減 ②fall / go into a ~ 失去力量、影響等
Ο on the decline 在消，在衰退
60.oral(adj) ①口頭的，口述的 ②口的，用口的 ~ hygiene口腔衛(wèi)生
~ly(adv)