教學(xué)重難點：掌握不定式的主動與被動

（一）詞匯

consider v. 考慮，認為

詞組 consider sth. as/to be

considerate adj. 體貼的，周到的

considerable adj. 相當(dāng)多的

consideration n. 考慮

take sth. into consideration

means n. 方法

辨析means，way和method

這三個詞主要是詞組上的區(qū)別

by means of doing

in this/that way, the way to do/of doing

with this method

詞組 by means of, by all means, by no means

transportation n. 交通運輸

transport v.

transport sth. to

board v. 登船，登機

go/ be on board

destination n. 目的地

destined a. 注定的，

be destined to do / for

experience v. n. 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗

vacation n. 假期

vacant a. 空閑的，空缺的

vocation n. 職業(yè)，責(zé)任，職責(zé)

protect v. 保護

辨析protect，preserve，reserve，conserve

protect是“保護，防止…破壞”的意思

preserve是“保存，保留”的意思，意同keep

reserve是“預(yù)留，預(yù)定”的意思

conserve也有“保護，保留”之意

normal a. 正常的

abnormal a. 不正常的，畸形的

adventurous a. 充滿危險的

risky a. 充滿危險，風(fēng)險的

similarity n. 相似，相似處

similar a. 相似

be similar to

be familiar with

particular a. 特別的，特殊的

be particular about/over

separate a. / v. 單獨的，使分離/獨立

separate…from…

divide…into…

combine v. 混合

combination n. 混合物

a combination of…

as well as 也，和

She sings as well as playing the piano.

He sings as well as she does.

Tom as well as I/me likes the films./ Tom likes the film as well as I do/ me.

as well 也

He can play piano, and he can play violin as well.

（二）本章語法

不定式中的主動與被動

不定式在句子中往往與一定的成分有關(guān)，形成不定式的邏輯主語，普通意義上來講，如果句中不定式的邏輯主語與不定式是主動關(guān)系，即用不定式的主動語態(tài)，

如：We need somebody to help us.

It’s kind of him to do so.

而句中不定式的邏輯主語與不定式是被動關(guān)系，即用不定式的被動語態(tài)，

如：I hope to be asked.

It is difficult for the lost time to be made up.

The building to be built is a hospital.

但注意：當(dāng)表示不定式的邏輯賓語性質(zhì)時，即有修飾它的形容詞時，或是不定式的邏輯主語出現(xiàn)時，一般用主動語態(tài)來表示被動語態(tài)，

如：I hope him to ask me.

The lost time is difficult for us to make up.

The building for us to build is a hospital.

The question is hard to answer.

The clothes are easy to wash.

Math is always interesting to read.

I have an important meeting to attend.

I’ll buy you some interesting books to read.

注意：在there be句式中的普通不定式，主被動均可，

如：There’s much work to do（to be done）.

There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）.

There is nothing to write about（to be written about）.

【典型例題】

[例1] The number of his stamps is ______.

A. considering B. considered

C. considerable D. considerate

（答案為C，considerable數(shù)量可觀的）

[例2] When you want to buy something, you need to take the price into ______.

A. considerable B. considerate

C. consideration D. considering

（答案為C，take sth. into consideration考慮到…）

[例3] ______ what means did he pass the exam?

A. Through B. By C. In D. with

（答案為B，by means用…方法）

[例4] You are late, all the passengers have got ______.

A. boarded B. board C. boarding D. on board

（答案為D，be/go/get on board相當(dāng)于board the ship/plane）

[例5] She ______ two world wars.

A. experienced B. passed C. covered D. saw

（答案為A，experience經(jīng)歷）

[例6] Do you have any post ______?

A. empty B. vacant C. free D. vacation

（答案為B，vacant空閑的，empty空的，沒有的）

[例7] He often spent his ______ in Hawaii.

A. vacation B. vacant C. vocation D. vocational

（答案為A，vacation假期）

[例8] You must ______ a room in a hotel, for there are a lot of tourists at this time each year.

A. protect B. reserve C. preserve D. conserve

（答案為B，reserve預(yù)留，預(yù)定）

[例9] She isn’t particular ______ food.

A. for B. about C. on D. to

（答案為B，be particular about/over對…挑剔）

[例10] The cake is ______ into eight shares.

A. separated B. divided C. put D. divide

（答案為B，divide…into把…分為…）

[例11] The mountains are very beautiful in summer ______ in winter.

A. and B. or C. as well as D. as well

（答案為C，as well as也，和…一樣）

[例12] I have something very important ______ you.

A. to tell B. to be told

C. to be told to D. to say

（答案為A，不定式邏輯主語出現(xiàn)，用主動）

[例13] The man ______ there hasn’t been chosen yet.

A. going B. to go C. gone D. went

（答案為B，不定式表示將來且主動）

【模擬試題】

一. 單項選擇

1. From her ______ look, we can learn that her performance must be very ______.

A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited

C. excited, excited D. exciting, exciting

2. It was such a ______ job that I really felt ______.

A. tiring, tiring B. tired, tired

C. tiring, tired D. tired, tiring

3. I consider it a great honor ______ to be here.

A. to invite B. to be invited

C. inviting D. to be inviting

4. Teacher Zhao ______ her students has gone to Beijing.

A. and B. as well C. as well as D. together

5. I think I’d like to have a cold drink ______ a hot one.

A. rather than B. in place of

C. in the place of D. instead of

6. Since you have finished it, ______ is no need for me to phone you.

A. it B. there C. that D. this

7. The lecture was so ______ that we were all ______.

A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited

C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting

8. He seemed ______ here for a long time.

A. to live B. to have lived C. to have been lived D. to be living

9. - What has made you so upset?

- ______ my new bike.

A. Lost B. Losing C. To lose D. Because I have lost

10. Is it any good ______?

A. to try to explain B. to try explaining

C. trying to explain D. trying explaining

11. You will regret ______ those words.

A. saying B. having said C. to say D. to have said

12. These plants need ______.

A. to water B. being watered C. to be watered D. watered

13. Would you like to go out with me tonight? ______, it’s up to you.

A. Yes, I’d like to. B. No problem.

C. I’m easy. D. Thank you.

14. What is it ______ made her angry?

A. what B. which C. that D. who

15. In the past the workers were made ______ all day and all night.

A. work B. to work C. working D. worked

【試題答案】

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5.A 6. B 7. B

8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A 12.C 13. C 14.C

15. B