知識總結與歸納：

（一）語法要點說明：過去分詞除了在句子的謂語部分中表達完成時和被動語態以外，作為非謂語動詞還可以做名詞的定語，在be動詞后面做表語來描述人或物品的特性或狀態。

（二）過去分詞或過去分詞短語可以用來修飾名詞做定語。過去分詞表達的內容與被修飾的名詞具有完成和被動關系。

過去分詞+名詞；

名詞+過去分詞短語

1. Chen wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.

2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

3. a doll given by my aunt

4. This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.

（三）還有一些過去分詞是表達人或物品的特性或狀態，這些詞與其說是過去分詞，倒不如說是以ed結尾的形容詞。

1. Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them.

2. We asked two of China’s many talented journalists to tell us more about news and newspapers.

3. I want to write about people addicted to drugs.

4. TV programmes and printed articles help people in other countries learn about China and the Chinese people.

5. The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.

6. the fallen leaves , spoken English, written English,

7. The retired workers told him about their family life and their problem.

（四）過去分詞在be動詞后面做表語，表示：“感覺……，主語往往是表示“人”的名詞。

例句：

1. He is interested in classical music.

2. We are very worried about our situation.

3. He is disappointed with himself.

說明：在許多句子中，be + done不是表示被動意義，而是表示主語所處的狀態。

例句：

1. We can’t enter the room, for the door is locked.

2. We don’t know where we are now. We are lost.

3. She has been married for ten years.

4. They are gone for vacation.

（五）閱讀指導：

本單元的閱讀材料：Behind the Headlines的閱讀目標是了解：

1. 新聞工作者的工作程序；通過文中提到的兩位記者回答采訪的問題進行了介紹。

2. 了解媒體除了報道事實以外的社會功能；注意文章的最后一段。在閱讀時要注意。

（1）采訪的問題；

（2）第一段的主題句：Newspaper and other media do more than simply record what happens. Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them. They also make sure that readers can relate to the stories. 最后一段的結論性的句子：The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated.

【典型例題】

一. 句型轉換：

1. The telegram that was sent by my sister brought the news of my grandma’s death.

The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of my grandma’s death.

2. Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.

Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it.

3. The three guns, which had been stolen from the police station, were found in the garage

The three guns, stolen from the police station, were found in the garage

4. I don’t like going to supermarkets that are located in the center of the town.

I don’t like going to supermarkets located in the center of the town.

二. 翻譯句子：

1. 被燒毀的圓明園該不該重建在媒體引起了激烈討論。

Whether the burned-down Yuanmingyuan should be rebuilt has been much discussed in the media.

2. 我的叔叔本來打算退休以后回鄉下居住，可是后來他改變了主意，他決定在城里開一家書店，為退休老人提供一個娛樂休閑的場所。

My uncle had planned to live in the country after his retirement, but he changed his mind then. He decided to open a bookstore in the city to offer a place for the retired to have fun and rest.

3. 他是個很有經驗的人，總是受到年輕人的尊敬。----

He is quite experienced and is always looked up to by the young.

4. The teenagers discussing the event in the TV talk show were all school children.

在電視論壇節目中討論這個事件的那些少年都是小學生。

5. The teenagers discussed in the TV talk show were all school children.

在電視論壇節目中討論到的那些少年都是小學生。

6. Do you happen to know the host presenting the professor ?

你認識正在介紹那位教授的主持人嗎？

三. 單項選擇：

1. The Olympic Games ,_____in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.

A. first playing B. to be first played

C. first played D. to be first playing

分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會，知道1912年才容納女運動員。_____in 776 BC做定語修飾The Olympic Games，指過去的內容，表示被動。用done做定語。 選擇C

2. The film was so ___ that everyone became __ at it.

A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited

分析：exciting：令人興奮的。主語是表示“事物”的名詞；excited：感到興奮；主語指“人”；選擇Ｂ

3. What should you do if there is no food __ for you when you get home after a day’s work ?

A. is left B. left C. leave D. leaving

分析：句型There be + 名詞＋過去分詞：有……被……

答案：B

【模擬試題】（答題時間：60分鐘）

一. 單項選擇：

1. When I got back home I saw a message ___ to the door reading “ Sorry to miss you, will call later.”

A. pinning B. pinned C. to be pinning D. to be pinned

2. The computer center, __ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened

3. The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

4. The next day they found that the door remained ___, and that the boss was gone.

A. to lock B. locking C. locked D. to be locked

二. 閱讀理解：

（A）

London- A morning’s train ride away, across the Channel, English kids about Liverpool’s soccer team in a Paris pub.

Some Parisians have even started to go to work in London.

In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two great rival cities, London and Paris, in “A Tale of Two Cities.” These days, it might be A Tale of One City.

Parisians are these days likely to smile in sympathy at a visitor’s broken French and respond in polite English.

As jobs grew lack at home over recent years, perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the Channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours. The European Union freed them from immigration and customs.

Paris, rich in beauty, is more attractive. But London feels more full of life, and more fun until the pubs shut down.

“For me, the difference is that London is real, alive,” said Trevor Wheeler, a banker.

Chantal Jaouen, a professional designer, agrees. “I am French, but I’ll stay in London.” She said.

There is, of course, the other view, Julie Lenoux is a student who moved to London two years ago. “I think people laugh more Paris,” she said.

In fact, London and Paris, with their obvious new similarities, are beyond the old descriptions. As the European Union gradually loosened controls, Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property.

“Both cities have changed beyond recognition.” Said Larry Collins, a writer and sometimes a Londoner.

Like most people who know both well, he finds the two now fit together comfortably.

“I first fell in love with Paris in the 1950s, and it is still a wonderful place,” Collins said.

“but if I had to choose, it would be London. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.”

But certainly not cheaper.

In fancy parts of London, rents can be twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris.

Deciding between London and Paris requires a lifestyle choice.

Like Daphne Benoit, a French journalism student with perfect English, many young people are happy to be close enough so they don’t have to choose.

“I love Paris, my little neighborhood, the way I can walk around a center, but life is so structured,” she said. “ In London, you can be who you want. No one cares.”

1. The best title for this passage is _____.

A. Londoner and Parisians. B. A modern Tale of Two Cities.

C. The Similarity of Two cities. D. Fancy London and Fashionable Paris.

2. We can infer from the text ____.

A. Paris and London has become perfect partners.

B. London feels more full of life

C. life in Paris is structured

D. Paris and London have become fierce competitors.

3. The underlined word “flocked” probably means ____.

A. came in large numbers. B. flew a long way.

C. rushed hurriedly. D. drove long distance.

4. Living in Paris, you may find ___.

A. life is better. B. things are cheaper.

C. more attractive people D. a job easily.

5. From the passage we can know ___.

A. the two cities have developed very fast.

B. London is better than in Paris.

C. Paris is a favorite place for all journalism students.

D. people in both London and Paris now lead a regular life.

（B）

People could land on Mars in the next 20-30 years provided scientists can find water on the red planet, the head of NASA’s surface exploration mission（美國國家宇航局地表探測任務小組）said on September 16.

Two partly solar-powered “robot geologists” （由太陽能驅動的“機器人地質學者”）–Mars Exploration Rovers, or MERs-have been moving across 3 miles of the planet and into crates（環型山）since January, sending back data about the makeup of what scientists believe is Earth’s sister planet. Asked how long it could be before Astronauts land on Mars, Arthur Thompson said, “My best guess is 20 to 30 years, if that becomes our firstly-considered plan.”

The two MER robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, have found Ancient evidence that water was once enough. It is important for scientists hoping to know if there was once-or could still be-life on Mars. Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized. “If we cannot find water, it really makes it difficult to send humans. Water is the key.” Said Thompson.

Thompson said scientists had found a canyon on Mars “that makes the Grand Canyon look like a small canyon,” where water could still be present. “It shows that there is actually water that seeps（滲漏）out of the side of the canyon, and going down the side it evaporates（蒸發）. We believe it’s an ongoing progress,” he said.

1. The underlined word “provided” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ____.

A. unless B. if C. though D. even if

2. We can learn from the passage that ____.

A. the two robots get their energy only from the sun.

B. the two robots haven’t found any evidence of water on Mars till now.

C. two robots haven’t sent any information about Mars so far.

D. the two robots were sent to Mars in January.

3. According to the passage, which of the following about Mars is NOT true ?

A. The sky there is red. B. It has craters.

C. Rocks on Mars are rust-colored D. It is very cold on Mars.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage ?

A. We can see red sky and blue sunsets on Mars.

B. The canyon found on Mars is larger than the Grand Canyon.

C. We have already found lots of water on Mars.

D. Without water, sending people to Mars is very difficult.

5. What is the best title for the passage ?

A. Earth’s sister planet. B. People on Mars possible in 20 to 30 years.

C. Life on Mars. D. Spirit and Opportunity

三. 書面表達：

假設你叫張穎，在倫敦學習已經兩個月了，寫信給你在國內的朋友李倩，介紹你在倫敦生活的一些情況：

1. 倫敦作為英國的首都，是一個大城市，在泰晤士河畔。人口約七百萬。

2. 倫敦是一個繁忙的都市，人們非常友好樂于助人，但總是來去匆匆。

3. 給你印象最深的是你在國內從未坐過的地鐵。

4. 城里有許多著名景觀，你只游覽了倫敦博物館和著名的海德公園。

時間：2005年8月13日

【試題答案】

一. 單項選擇：

1. B 分析：pin：別在，栓在……上面，與message是被動關系。

2. D 分析：__ last year此處做非限定定語，與The computer center是被動關系。

3. D 分析：教科書已經被編寫出來。此處應是過去分詞作定語。

4. C 分析：門仍然鎖著。表示門的狀態，用過去分詞做表語。

二. 閱讀理解：

（A）

1. B 文章用大量的篇幅對倫敦和巴黎進行對比。對照十九世紀狄更斯的小說“雙城記”所以本文可以說是：“現代的雙城記”

2. A 通過被采訪者的言談中以及第三段In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two great rival cities, London and Paris, in “A Tale of Two Cities.” These days, it might be A Tale of One City.可以判斷出兩個城市的關系。

3. A 根據Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property.可以得知大量的倫敦人涌向巴黎去購物。B項：不需要坐飛機，應排除。根據第一段perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the Channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours.可以排除D項。C項不合題義。

4. B 根據第十段Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property. 和倒數第六段“but if I had to choose, it would be London. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.” But certainly not cheaper.可以得知在巴黎物價更低一些。

5. A 從人們從生活方式等角度對兩個城市的選擇可以看出兩個城市發展都很快。

（B）

1. B 詞義推測。“如果”能在火星上找到水，人類就有可能在未來二，三十年內登陸火星。下文：Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized.（第三段）以及If we cannot find water, it really makes it difficult to send humans. Water is the key都有提示。

2. D 細節理解。根據第二段：Two partly solar-powered “robot geologists” （由太陽能驅動的“機器人地質學者”）–Mars Exploration Rovers, or MERs-have been moving across 3 miles of the planet and into crates9環型山）since January, 可以得知。其余選項與事實不符。

3. D 細節理解。根據第三段：Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn’t be realized.的內容可知：A，B，C三項內容正確。惟獨D沒有提到。

4. C 根據第三，四段可知A，B，D選項內容正確。從常識上也可以判斷出C的不正確。

5. B 根據全文的第一句即主題句可以找到文章的標題。

三. 書面表達：

參考范文：

August 13, 2005

Dear Li Qian:

How time flies! It has been two months since I left China and came to London.

As you know, London is the capital of England, which is on the River Thames. It’s a very big city with a population of about 7 million. It is also a busy place. People here are usually friendly and helpful, but they are often in a hurry. What impressed me most is ‘the tube’（That’s what people call the underground railway system in London.）, which I had never taken in China. London has many beautiful parks and gardens and other famous places of interest. I just went to London Museum and Hyde Park recently.

How are you now ? I miss you very much. I hope I can hear from you soon.

Yours.

Zhang Ying