Unit 3-Unit 4
知識梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 preference design furniture taste *sofa *heater modern convenient block *apartment stand passage ugly construct construction unnatural steel *impress roof unfriendly *despite *create *seashell sail *stadium net *nest *structure belong paint *aside workshop *rent development *teahouse poem poetry poet *intention *recite mad pattern dialogue sort loneliness sadness grammar *absence district *atmosphere introduction translate translation tale shade *extraordinary *idiom dust *apart *recommend *contribute
詞組 act as fill up with... belong to set aside put...together play with call up stand out light up come into being send for contribute to...
語法 過去分詞
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.taste
例句集錦
v.
（1）Can you taste anything strange in this soup?
你嘗得出這湯里有什么怪味嗎？
She tasted the stew.
她嘗了一口那道燉菜。
The cook tasted the soup to see whether he had put enough salt in it.
廚師嘗了嘗湯的味道，看看鹽放得夠不夠。
（2）The young man has only begun to taste life.
那個年輕人才開始體驗人生。
Taste the joy of freedom.
領(lǐng)略自由之樂。
（3）If you have a bad cold you cannot taste.
如果你患重感冒，你嘗不出任何東西的味道。
（4）This food tastes nice.
這食物味道很好。
This soup tastes strongly of onion.
這湯洋蔥味太濃。
This chocolate tastes like soap.
這種巧克力味道像肥皂。
n.
（1）It is bitter to the taste.味道是苦的。
（2）This soup has a sour taste.這湯有酸味。
This food has little taste.
這食物沒有什么味道。
（3）She has developed a taste for Chinese art.
她愛上了中國藝術(shù)。
（4）She has excellent taste in jewelry.
她對珠寶有很好的鑒賞力。
用法歸納
*taste可用作動詞（vi.＆vt.）和名詞。主要義項有：嘗（味），嘗起來，有……味道，品嘗；體驗，領(lǐng)略；味覺；風(fēng)味；愛好；審美力，鑒賞力。
特別提示
taste作連系動詞時，不能用于被動語態(tài)。
2.design
例句集錦
v.
（1）design a garment 設(shè)計一件衣服
design a garden設(shè)計一座花園
（2）The novelist designed a good plot.
那位小說家擬定了一個好情節(jié)。
She designed to be a teacher.
她打算要當(dāng)教師。
（3）This dictionary is designed for college students.
這本辭典是供大學(xué)生使用的。
The laws were designed to protect children.
那些法律是為了保護(hù)兒童而制定的。
This book is designed as an introduction to literature.
這本書是要用作文學(xué)入門讀物的。
（4）She designs for a dressmaking company.
她替一家服裝店設(shè)計圖樣。
n.
（1）new design for a dress 女裝的新設(shè)計
industrial design 工業(yè)設(shè)計
This building is of poor design.
這棟建筑物設(shè)計不良。
（2）a design for advertisement 廣告圖案
a vase with a flower design 有花卉圖案的花瓶
（3）Whether by accident or design,he arrived too late to help us.
無論是意外或故意，他到得太遲了，幫不上我們的忙。
用法歸納
*design可用作動詞（vi.＆vt.）和名詞。主要義項有：設(shè)計；籌劃；預(yù)定；圖案；目的。
特別提示
注意design作動詞和名詞時和介詞for的搭配。
3.impress
例句集錦
v.
The accident impressed on me the necessity of observing regulations.
那次事故使我深感遵守規(guī)則的必要性。
Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
她的話銘刻在我的記憶里。
He impressed me with the need to work hard.
他使我深知努力工作的必要性。
He impressed me as honest.（=His honesty impressed me.或He impressed me with his honesty.）
他的誠實給我留下了印象。
He impressed the max with the designs.（=He impressed the designs on the max.）
他在蠟上壓印那些圖案。
n.
the impress of one’s personality一個人的性格特征
Time has left its impress upon him.
時代給他留下了痕跡。
用法歸納
*impress可用作動詞（vt.）和名詞。主要義項有：使銘記，給……以印象；蓋印,壓印； 印記;銘刻；印象,痕跡,特征。
特別提示
用作動詞時，和介詞的主要搭配形式為：impress sth. on sb.； impress sb.with sth.
4.convenient
例句集錦
adj.
（1）convenient tools 便利的工具
a convenient time to meet 會面的適宜時間
if it is convenient to/for you 如果你方便的話
Is Monday（would Monday be）convenient for/to you?
星期一對你來說方便嗎？
It won’t be convenient for me to see you tomorrow.
明天去見你對我來說不方便。
This knife is very convenient for general purposes.
這把小刀適合于一般的目的/用途。
（2）My house is convenient to/for the shopping center.
我的家靠近購物中心。
用法歸納
*convenient 一般作形容詞。主要義項有：方便的；適宜的，合適的；在近處的；近便的。
特別提示
convenient主語不能是人。例如：如果你方便的話，英語應(yīng)表達(dá)為：if it is convenient to/for you,而不應(yīng)表達(dá)為：if you are convenient。
●重點(diǎn)短語
1.call up
例句集錦
You had better not call me up in the morning.
最好不要在早上打電話給我。
The photograph called up memories of his childhood.
那張照片喚起了他童年時代的一些記憶。
A large number of reservists were called up.
很多后備役軍人被征召入伍。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）call for要求，需要；大聲呼救
Somebody was calling for help.
有人在大聲呼救。
She called loudly for her husband to come and help her.
她大聲叫喊，要她的丈夫來幫助她。
Mountain climbing calls for a strong body and a brave heart.
爬山要有健壯的身體和勇敢的精神。
（2）call back 召回；回電話
She was called back to her house.
她被叫回家。
I will call you back when I come home.
我回家再打電話給你。
（3）call in 把……請來；收回
We should call in a doctor/call a doctor in.
我們應(yīng)該請個醫(yī)生來。
The manufacturers have called in some cars with serious faults.
廠商已收回一些有嚴(yán)重缺陷的汽車。
（4）call on拜訪（某人）；號召，懇求
I called on Peter last Sunday.
上個星期天我去看望了彼得。
He was called on to make a speech.
他被請求發(fā)表演講。
They called on him to support them.
他們請求他去支持他們。
2.send for
例句集錦
Send someone for a doctor.
派人去請醫(yī)生來。
I send him for some sugar.
我派他去買一些糖。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）send off 送別；發(fā)出
go to a station to send a person off
到車站給某人送行
We have sent off all the invitations.
我們已經(jīng)把全部的請?zhí)l(fā)出去。
（2）send out 發(fā)出，放出；長出
She sent out three hundred invitations.
她發(fā)出300張請?zhí)?/p>
In spring the trees begin to send out new leaves.
春天樹木開始長出新葉。
A fire sends out light and warmth.
火發(fā)出光和熱。
（3）send in 叫……進(jìn)來；提交，遞
Send her in.叫她進(jìn)來。
send in one’s card遞名片
He has sent three paintings in for the exhibition.
他已送出三幅畫參加展覽。
3.set aside
例句集錦
The project was set aside.
那項計劃被擱置。
set a protest aside不接受抗議
相關(guān)歸納
（1）set about著手，開始；散步
set about a job 開始一件工作
We set about cleaning the house.
我們著手打掃房子。
Who has set this rumor about?
誰散布的這種謠言？
（2）set back 撥慢；阻礙
He set back his watch three minutes.
他將表撥慢了三分鐘。
Their plans were set back by the storm.
他們的計劃被暴風(fēng)雨所延誤。
（3）set off 使爆發(fā)；燃放（焰火等）；發(fā)射
set off fireworks 燃放焰火
The joke set us off laughing.
那個笑話引得我們大笑。
They set off for home.
他們出發(fā)回家。
He set off on a trip to France.
他出發(fā)到法國去旅行。
（4）set out 陳述；陳列；踏上旅途；出發(fā)；開始，著手
set out one’s arguments陳述自己的論點(diǎn)
set out goods on a stall將貨品擺在攤子上
We set out for home.
我們踏上歸途。
He set out to paint the house.
他著手粉刷房子。
（5）set up 豎立；設(shè)立；開辦；使康復(fù)
set up a pole 豎立木柱
set up a sign 豎起招牌
set up a tent 搭帳篷
set up a school 創(chuàng)校
A few weeks’ stay in the countryside will set her up.
在鄉(xiāng)下住幾個星期將使她康復(fù)。
特別提示
set about和set out都有“開始，著手”之意，但前者接名詞或動名詞，而后者常接不定式。
4.come into being
例句集錦
We do not know when the universe came into being.
我們不知道宇宙何時開始存在。
Thus the Great Wall came into being.
這樣長城就形成了。
相關(guān)歸納
come into power 上臺、掌權(quán)、執(zhí)政
This government came to/into power in 1998.
本政府于1998 年執(zhí)掌政權(quán)。
come into effect 實行；實施；生效
The new tax regulations came to/into effect last week.
新稅法上周開始實施。
The law came into effect on October 15.
那項法律于10月15日生效。
The contract will come into effect as soon as it is signed.
（=The contract will go into effect as soon as it is signed.）
這項合同一經(jīng)簽署立即開始生效。
come into use 開始被使用
When did the word “transistor” come into common use?
“電晶體”一詞是何時開始被普遍使用的?
The telephone first came into use in the 1870s.
電話在19世紀(jì)70年代開始使用。
come into sight/view 可以望見；出現(xiàn)在眼前
The mountain town came into sight as we turned the last corner.
我們拐過最后一個彎,山城就映入了我們的眼簾。
As we rounded the bend the lake came into view.
我們轉(zhuǎn)過彎，那個湖泊就展現(xiàn)在我們眼前了。
●必背句型
1.過去分詞（短語）作賓補(bǔ)
教材原句
（1）Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
以往歷史上的每一種偉大的文化，都由其審美觀念在藝術(shù)和建筑之中體現(xiàn)。
（2）When you look around at buildings,streets,squares and parks,you will find them designed,planned and built in different styles.
當(dāng)你環(huán)顧周圍的建筑、街道、廣場和公園時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是用不同的風(fēng)格設(shè)計、規(guī)劃和建造起來的。
（3）They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.
他們要把自己的建筑物建成不合自然的模樣。
（4）Frank Lloyd Wright,who built an art museum in New York, found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.
弗蘭克勞埃德賴特設(shè)計了紐約的藝術(shù)博物館，是日本的海貝殼激發(fā)了他的靈感。
特別提示
過去分詞（短語）作賓補(bǔ)和賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。
補(bǔ)充例句
I made myself understood in French.
我用法語使人們了解我的意思。
The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
經(jīng)理討論了他們下一年想要執(zhí)行的計劃。
When he returned from abroad,he found his hometown so changed that he couldn’t recognize it.
他從國外回來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)故鄉(xiāng)變化如此之大，以至于無法辨認(rèn)了。
2.過去分詞（短語）作狀語
教材原句
（1）Seen from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel,and it looks just like a bird’s nest made of tree branches.
從頂上看，仿佛體育場覆蓋著灰色的鋼網(wǎng)，非常像樹枝搭成的鳥巢。
（2）Once published,his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
他的詩作發(fā)表后，因為行尾不押韻而大獲其名。
特別提示
過去分詞（短語）作狀語和句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）（2004年全國Ⅲ，25）It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when questioned at the meeting by my boss.
說來不好意思，在會上被老板質(zhì)問時我撒了謊。
（2）（2004年湖北，28）When compared with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
與地球相比，最大的海洋一點(diǎn)也不顯得大。
（3）Faced with the threat of water shortages,Beijing and Shanghai will take effective measures to save water and protect water resources.
面臨水資源短缺的威脅，北京和上海將采取有效措施來節(jié)水和保護(hù)水資源。
3.A is to B what C is to D
教材原句
（1）A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
巢與鳥兒的關(guān)系如同房子和人的關(guān)系。
（2）A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.
網(wǎng)與漁夫的關(guān)系就像槍與獵人一樣。
（3）Arms are to the body what branches are to a tree.
上肢與身體的關(guān)系就像樹枝和樹的關(guān)系。
特別提示
這是一個比喻句，通常用于“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”這個句型。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）We are to them what fish is to water.
我們和他們的關(guān)系就像魚兒和水一樣。
（2）Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.
蜂蜜與蜜蜂的關(guān)系如同牛奶和奶牛的關(guān)系。
（3）Smell is to the nose what taste is to the tongue.
嗅覺與鼻子的關(guān)系如同味覺和舌頭的關(guān)系。
（4）Furniture is to the living room what playground equipment is to the playground.
家具與居室的關(guān)系如同體育器械和操場的關(guān)系。
疑難突破
despite,in spite of,though
三者都有“盡管”之意，但詞性不同。前兩者為介詞，后跟名詞，通常情況下可換用。而though 是連詞，后跟句子。
應(yīng)用
（1）He’s very active ______ his age.
（2）______ all their hard work,the project ended in failure.
（3）______ it was very late,the child would not go to bed.
（4）Young ______ he was he knew a lot.
答案：（1）despite/in spite of （2）In spite of/Despite （3）Though （4）though
典例剖析
【例1】（2004年遼寧，30）______ by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted
部析： 這里考查的是非謂語動詞作狀語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其動作的發(fā)出者必須和句子的主語保持一致，即女孩被某物所吸引，排除主動形式的A、D兩項；動詞不定式作狀語表示目的，與題意不符，排除C項。
答案：B
【例2】（2004年春季上海，42）After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,______.
A.exhausting B.exhausted
C.being exhausted D.having exhausted
剖析：過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語為Richard Jones。
答案：B
【例3】 （2004年重慶，30）Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ______.
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
剖析：本題考查非謂語動詞。備選答案是動詞 worry的某種形式。worry多為及物動詞，意為“使……擔(dān)心/著急”。此外，空中應(yīng)填賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、身份等。這樣的法律使父母感到擔(dān)心，也就是說父母被這樣的法律弄得擔(dān)心。所以賓語與補(bǔ)足語之間有被動的主謂關(guān)系，而過去分詞正好表示被動意義。
答案：A