Unit10 By the time I went outside, the bus had already left.
一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
Hello, every one. Glad to meet you again. Today we’re going to learn Unit 10－ By the time I went outside, the bus had already left. (等我出去的時候，公共汽車已經(jīng)離開了。) In this unit we’ll learn how to narrate the past events ( 敘述過去的事情) and the grammar－ the past perfect tense (過去完成時). OK, let’s begin our lesson.
二. 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
1. 學(xué)習(xí)動詞的過去完成時，掌握過去完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法；
2. 能用流利的語言敘述發(fā)生在過去的事情，并能清楚地表達(dá)事情發(fā)生的先后順序。
三. 詞匯：
單詞：
oversleep, exhausted, embarrassed, fool, lock, bell, ring, on time, rush, empty, reply, show, marry, ending, show up, break down, go off, get married
短語：
by the time 到……時候 take a shower 洗澡（淋浴）
start doing 開始做某事 give sb. a ride 讓某人搭車
the United States 美國 so… that… 太……以至于……
hundreds of people 數(shù)百人；很多人 by the time… 到……時候為止
flee from 逃離 April Fool’s Day 愚人節(jié)
both… and… ……和……兩者都……
重點句型：
By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
到了我起床的時候，我哥哥（弟弟）已經(jīng)在洗澡（淋浴）了。
When she got to school, she realized I had left her backpack at home.
當(dāng)她到了學(xué)校的時候她才意識到我把她的書包落在家里了。
What happened?
發(fā)生什么事了？
I’ve never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close.
我上學(xué)從來沒有遲到過，但昨天差一點。
My alarm didn’t go off.
我的鬧鐘沒響。
I only just made it to my class.
我只剛剛趕上上課。
What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day?
愚人節(jié)那天Dave發(fā)生了什么事？
Have you ever overslept?
你睡覺曾經(jīng)睡過頭嗎？
四. 語法：
The past perfect tense (過去完成時):
過去完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)：had +done (had ：助動詞，用于各種人稱和數(shù)；done：動詞過去分詞)
過去完成時的用法：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”。表示過去某一時間，可用by, before等構(gòu)成的短語表示，也可用when , before等引導(dǎo)的從句或通用過上下文表示。如：
I realized I had left my backpack at home. 我意識到我把書包落在家里了。
在這個句子中有兩個動作，即realize和leave。realize是用一般過去時realized表示的，而leave這個動作是在realize 之前就發(fā)生了，所以就應(yīng)該用過去完成時had left的形式表示。
又如：
By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
到了我起床的時候，我哥哥（弟弟）已經(jīng)在洗澡了。
在此句中，get up 和get in the shower 兩件事情都是發(fā)生在過去，而get in the shower這個動作是在get up之前發(fā)生的。
過去完成時的一般疑問句及回答：
Had you been to Hong Kong before 1997? 1997年以前你去過香港嗎？
No, I hadn’t. 沒有，我沒去過。（hadn’t= had not）
過去完成時的特殊疑問句及回答：
How many English words had you learnt by last term? 到上學(xué)期為止你學(xué)了多少英文單詞？
I had learnt about two thousand. 我學(xué)了大約兩千左右。
過去完成時的否定句：
They hadn’t finished doing their work when dinner was ready.
晚飯準(zhǔn)備好的時候他們還沒有完成工作。
除此之外，還有一點請大家注意：當(dāng)時間狀語從句是由before和after引導(dǎo)的時候，主句和從句的時態(tài)都可以用一般過去時表示，因為這兩個詞已經(jīng)把動作的先后順序表達(dá)清楚了。如：
I cleaned the room before I went shopping.
我去買東西之前已經(jīng)把房間打掃了。
The children started to play the game after they got to the park.
孩子們到了公園之后就開始玩游戲了。
五. 具體內(nèi)容：
Section A:
1b. 聽力材料：
No wonder you look stressed out.
你顯得那么緊張就不足為奇了。
no wonder 不足為奇
2a.2b. 聽力材料：
And by the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already.
等我走進(jìn)課堂老師已經(jīng)開始上課了。
walk into class 走進(jìn)課堂
class在此的意思是“課堂”，當(dāng)普通名詞表示抽象意義時，其前面不放任何冠詞。如：
in hospital 住院
go to school 去上學(xué)
at table就餐
in bed 臥床休息
walk to the class 向教室走去
into和to 都是介詞，into意為“進(jìn)入……里”；to的意思是“向/朝/往……”
3a.
（1）… but I knew I couldn’t get to school on time. 但是我知道我不能按時到校。
on time 按時；準(zhǔn)時
Every one of us must get to school on time.
我們中的每一個人都必須準(zhǔn)時到校。
in time 及時
We arrived at that place in time and just caught the bus.
我們及時到了那個地方，剛好趕上公共汽車。
（2）Luckily my friend and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride.
很幸運我的朋友和他的爸爸開著他爸爸的車過來了，而且他們讓我搭車。
give sb. a ride 讓某人搭車
（3）Have you ever overslept? 你睡覺曾經(jīng)睡過頭嗎？
這是一個時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時的句子，ever常用于完成時態(tài)中，意思是“曾經(jīng)”。
Section B
1b.
（1）We stayed up really late. On Saturday morning I was exhausted.
我們熬到很晚不睡覺。星期六上午/早晨我無精打采的。
stay up 熬夜；不睡覺
2a and 2b.
（1）A friend once invited me to a costume party. 一個朋友邀請我參加一個服裝晚會。
a costume party 一個服裝晚會
（2）What happened to you? 你發(fā)生了什么事？
3a.
（1）Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story.
Welles的話如此有說服力以至于有數(shù)百人都相信了他的話。
so… that … 如此……以至于……. so的后面接形容詞或副詞, that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句。在口語中that常常可以省略。
The young woman was so exciting that she couldn’t say a word.
那位年輕婦女激動得說不出話了。
【模擬試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）
一、單選填空：
1. By she went to school, ______ dad had been a famous writer.
A. she’s B. her C. he D. his
2. The bus _______ when I hurried to the bus stop.
A. left B. has left C. leaves D. had left
3. The good girl has never been late for school, ________?
A. doesn’t she B. has the girl C. hasn’t she D. has she
4. I got up very late this morning. _________?
A. Can you give me a ride B. Will you lend me some money
C. Would you like go to school with me D. May I help you
5. Those people have got a lot of information ________.
A. last year B. in the past year C. one year ago D. in the future
6. I _______ such a car before.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen
7. I went to bed at eight, but they stayed _______ till midnight.
A. away B. in C. out D. up
8. Who knows what happened _______ Xiao Ming?
A. at B. for C. to D. about
9. The English _______ use Mr before a man’s first name.
A. never B. ever C. often D. always
10. When I heard this good news, I was ______ excited ______ I couldn’t help jumping.
A. as /as B. too / to C. so / that D. such / that
二、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1. By the time I ______ ( get ) home, Mother ______ ( finish ) cooking.
2. _______ you _______ ( listen )to tapes?
No. I _______ ( listen ) in an hour.
3. You are interested in drawing. You might ________ ( become ) an artist in the future.
4. What ______ your little brother ______( do )?
Don’t speak so loud. He _______.( sleep )
5. That old woman would like her son _______ ( marry ) the smart girl.
6. Chinese _______ by many people in the world today. ( speak )
7. The new teacher who _______ ( teach ) us chemistry _______ ( walk ) into the classroom.
8. Why not stop ________( play)? It’s time for class.
三、根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子：
1. 昨天下午你準(zhǔn)時到機場了嗎？是的，當(dāng)我到了的時候，飛機已經(jīng)降落了。
______ you_______ to the airport yesterday afternoon?
_______ I _______ there, the plane ________.
2. 快點兒！他們馬上就要走了。
_______ up! They _______ _______ at once.
3. 到了放假的時候大家都想去一些寧靜的地方旅行。
______the time for vocation, every one ________ ________ to go ________ ________.
4. 我們在那位著名的科學(xué)家坐下之后才開始開會的。
We ______ _______ _______ the meeting _______ the known scientist______.
四、閱讀理解，然后根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容選擇正確答案：
What’s a good job for a person who has wanted to be policewoman since she was a little girl? That’s no problem for Janice Black. Janice is the first black woman to join the police force in garden school. Like any man who’s in police training, Janice is spending four months in a special school.
That’s where she’s learning how to be cop. She will carry a gun but she does not plan to use it, she said. She’s the kind of cop who’s more interested in helping people than in shooting them.
One reason Janice tried out for her job, she said, was the need for more black and more women on the police force in Garden City. She’s going to be one of five policewomen on the force, and the only black one. “ It’s not right for a city that has black people living in it, to have an all-white police force, ”she said. “And it’s not right to have men only when half the people in the world are women.”
Police Chief Woody Gates said he’s in favor of having lots of women and black in his crew. “ Miss Black will be a fine police officer,” she said. “ She’s going to finish at the top of her class.” Gates said he’s always looking for new police officers. Anyone who’s interested should call to find out what’s happening.
1. When Janice Black was a little, she wanted to be a ________.
A. policewoman B. firewoman C. chief D. driver
2. Janice is interested in _______ people.
A. shooting B. carrying C. helping D. cheating
3. When Janice is on the force, she will be the first cop in the city who is both a black and a ______.
A. white B. blue C. man D. woman
4. The chief of police said that the idea of having blacks and women on the force makes him_______.
A. mad B. glad C. sad D. angry
5. If anyone is interested in becoming a police officer, the chief said that there are _______ openings.
A. few B. never C. little D. always
【試題答案】
一、BDDAB CDCAC
二、1. got; had finished 2. Have / listened; will listen 3. become
4.is /doing; is/ sleeping 5. to marry 6. is spoken
7. teaches; has walked 8. playing
三、1.Did / get; When / got / had landed 2. Hurry ; are / leaving
3. By; would / like / somewhere / peaceful
4. started / to / have; after; sat
四、ACDBD