Unit1 How do you study for a test?
［教學(xué)過程］
一. Topic（主題）：learning how to learn（學(xué)習(xí)如何去學(xué)）通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)獨立思考及分析問題、解決問題的能力
二. 語法知識要點：動詞＋by＋動名詞
三. 重點句型：－How do you study for…?
－I study by….
四. 重點詞匯
1. aloud adv. 出聲地，高聲地 2. pronunciation n. 發(fā)音，發(fā)音法
3. skill n. 技能，技巧 4. voice n. 說話聲、聲音
5. specific adj. 明確的，詳細而精確的 6. memorize v. 記憶，背誦
7. grammar n. 語法、語法規(guī)則 8. differently adv. 不同地，有區(qū)別地
9. frustrate v. 使失望、使沮喪 10. frustrating adj. 令人沮喪的，令人失望的
11. quickly adv. 快地；迅速地 12. add v. 又說，繼續(xù)說
13. excited adj. 激動的，興奮的 14. pronounce v. 發(fā)…音，正確吐音/字
15. spoken adj. 口語的，口頭的 16. slowly adv. 慢的、緩慢的
17. comma n. 逗號 18. challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn)
19. solution n. 解決、解答 20. complete adj. 完整的、完全的
21. sentence n. 句子 22. secret n. 秘密、機密
23. learner n. 學(xué)習(xí)者 24. term n. 學(xué)期
25. impress v. 使感動，給…深刻印象26. fast adv. 快地，迅速地
27. native adj. 本族的，本土的 28. speaker n. 講話者，說話者
五. 重點詞組：
1. 做生字卡 make flashcards 2. 向某人求助 ask sb. for help
3. 做某事最好的辦法the best way to do…
4. 例如for example 5. 詢問ask about
6. 根本；一點也不not …at all 7. 結(jié)束做… end up （doing）sth.
8. 用漢語in Chinese 9. 聽磁帶listen to cassettes
10. 口語spoken English 11. 出錯make mistakes
12. 參加英語俱樂部join an English club
13. 練習(xí)做…practice doing… 14. 首先first of all
15. 開始to begin with 16. 后來later on
17. 不敢做…be afraid to do… 18. 在課堂上in class
19. 造句make sentences 20. 作筆記take notes
21. 決定做…decide to do… 22. 喜歡做…enjoy doing sth.
23. 寫下；記下write down 24. 組成make up
25. 在去…路上on one’s way to 26. 因…而慚愧be ashamed of
27. 過時behind the times 28. 關(guān)閉turn off
29. 嘲笑laugh at 30. 最糟糕的是worst of all
31. 適應(yīng)；適合fit in 32. 如今；現(xiàn)在these days
33. 成為…高手become an expert at 34. 放棄give up
35. 向某人道別say goodbye to sb. 36. 考慮think about
六. 課文解析
I. 1a Check （√）the ways you study for an English test. Then add other ways you use sometimes.
－－by working with friends －－by listening to cassettes
－－by making flashcards －－by asking the teacher for help
－－by reading the textbook －－__________________
－－by making vocabulary lists －－__________________
1. “by＋動名詞”常常表示手段、方式或方法，可以用來回答“how”引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句
eg: －How did you finish the job so soon?
你是用什么方法這么快就干完了？
－－By climbing on the roof.
我爬到屋頂上做的。
They make a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.
他們靠向游客出售紀念品來謀生。
2. 復(fù)習(xí)“by”的用法
（1）到（某時候）：
Perhaps she has recovered by now.
到現(xiàn)在她可能已經(jīng)痊愈了。
（2）由（某人干的），以（某種方式），通過
Who is that book by?
這本書是誰寫的？
We learn to swim by swimming.
我們在游泳中學(xué)會游泳。
（3）坐（船、汽車，飛機等）
I came by bus （boat, subway）. 我坐汽車（船，地鐵）來的。
II. 1b. Boy 1: Hey, gang. There’s a big test on Tuesday. I really need some help. Can you tell me how you study for a big test?
Voices: Sure! Yes. Sure we will.
Boy 1: You did really well on the last English test, didn’t you, Mei?
Girl 1: Yeah. I did OK.
Boy 1: Well, how did you study?
Girl 1: By making flashcards.
Boy 1: Maybe I’ll try that. How did you study, Pierre?
Boy 2: By asking the teacher for help. She was really happy I asked.
Boy 1: That’s interesting. How do you study, Antonio?
Boy 3: I like to study by listening to cassettes. But sometimes my mother thinks I’m listening to music. And then she gets mad.
Boy 1: Oh, well.
1. You did really well on the last English test, didn’t you?
你在上次英語考試中考得很好，是嗎？
did （do）well in / on 在某方面做得好
2. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物；ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
eg: She asked her classmate for the new dictionary.
Tony asked his brother to clean the room.
III. 2a. 2b.
Girl 1: Welcome to the English club. Today we’re going to talk about the best ways to learn English. Who has an idea?
Boy 1: Do you learn English by watching English-language videos?
Girl 2: No. It’s too hard to understand the voices.
Boy 1: What about keeping a diary in English? Do you learn English that way?
Girl 2: I think so. It helps to write English every day.
Girl 3: Have you ever studied with a group?
Girl 2: Yes, I have! I’ve learned a lot that way.
Girl 1: Do you ever practice conversations with friends?
Girl 2: Oh, yes. It improves my speaking skills.
Boy 1: What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
Girl 3: I do that sometimes. I think it helps.
Boy 2: I do too. And I always look up new words in a dictionary.
Girl 3: That’s a great idea!
1. 辨析：study, learn
（1）learn和study作“學(xué)”，“學(xué)習(xí)”講，有時可以互換。
eg: When did you begin to learn / study English?
你是什么時候開始學(xué)英語的？
（2）learn側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，因而常譯作“學(xué)到”，“學(xué)會”，study則側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的過程。
eg: He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力學(xué)習(xí)，終于學(xué)會了這種語言。
（3）learn多用于初級階段的學(xué)習(xí)或帶有模仿性的操作技藝等；study則用于較高深或周密的研究。
eg: The baby is learning to speak.
這個小孩正在學(xué)說話。
He is studying the problem of maths.
他正研究數(shù)學(xué)問題。
2. It improves my speaking skills.
improve 是動詞，意思是“改善、使…進步（長進）”
eg: Can you tell me how to improve my listening skill?
你能告訴我怎樣提高聽力嗎？
I want to improve my skating skill?
我想提高我的滑冰技能。
3. I do too = I also think it helps.
我也認為它有幫助。
4. look up new words in a dictionary
在字典上查生詞
“l(fā)ook up ”意思是：查閱
“l(fā)ook”的其他一些詞組是：
III. SA 3a
How do you learn best?
This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more English. Many said they learnt by using English. Some students had more specific suggestions. Lillian Li, for example, said the best way to learn new words was by reading English magazines. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little. When we asked about studying grammar, she said, “I never study grammar. It’s too boring.”
Wei Ming feels differently. He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it. He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language. He also thinks that watching English movies isn’t a bad way because he can watch the actors say the words. Sometimes, however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly.
Liu Chang said that joining the English club at school was the best way to improve her English. Students get lots of practice and they also have fun. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. “We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese, ”she said.
1. 閱讀，填寫下列表格
Ways of learning English
Lillian Li Not successful OK Successful
Wei Ming
Liu Chang
2. 朗讀課文
3. 課文解析
（1）ask sb. about sth. 意思是“詢問或打聽某人某事”
eg: I’d like to ask Mr Green about my son’s study.
我想問一下格林先生我兒子學(xué)習(xí)的情況。
ask的其他詞組：ask sb. to do sth. 叫/要求某人做某事
ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物
（2）many在本句中是代詞，意思是“許多人”，在這里等于many students.
eg: There are many who can speak two languages there.
在那兒有許多人會說兩種語言。
How many are going to help us?
有幾個人會幫我們忙呢？
（3）“memorizing the words of pop songs”，也可以改為用動詞不定式作主語，即“to memorize the words of pop songs”
eg: Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
= To watch TV too much is bad for your eyes.
= It’s bad for your eyes to watch TV too much.
（4）He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it.
他已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了，他的確很喜愛它。
本句的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成進行時：have / has + been + v-ing.
現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)在某一段時間內(nèi)動作一直在進行，通常動作有現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。
eg: I’ve been working for Simens for 10 years.
我已經(jīng)在西門子公司工作十年了。
She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day.
她很累了，她一整天都在打信件。
（5）這個句子是一個較長的句子，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)也較為復(fù)雜，從整體看，本句是含有because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，主句中有含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
A. because 是連詞，意思是“因為…（所以…）”，“因為”。
eg:
－Why are you so late, Betty?
－Because my bike was broken on the way.
要注意because不能與so（所以）連用，因為because已包含“所以”的意思。
B. watch sb. do sth. “觀看某人做（過）某事”。類似的詞組有：
watch sb. doing sth. “觀看某人（正在）做某事。”
在這里watch是感知動詞，與其類似的詞還有：hear, see, find等。
eg: I heard somebody sang / singing an English song.
我聽到有人唱了（正在唱）一首英文歌。
The crowd watched the fireman climb the ladder, break a window on the first floor, and enter the building.
人們看到消防隊員爬上梯子，打碎2層樓的窗子，進入樓房。
（6）“find watching movies frustrating”意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)看影片令人沮喪”，該短語的結(jié)構(gòu)是“find ＋賓語＋形容詞”。
eg: I find the book very instructive.
= I find the book is very instructive.
我發(fā)覺這本書非常有用。
You’ll find him difficult to get along with.
= You’ll find it difficult to get along with him.
你會發(fā)覺他很難相處。
（7）“not …at all”意為“一點也不”
eg: She doesn’t like apples at all. 他一點也不喜歡蘋果。
I am not angry at all. 我一點也沒生氣。
（8）“end up”意為“最后成為，終歸…”后面接名詞或動名詞。
eg: She ended up talking with her mother.
He ended up the head of the company.
【模擬試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）
一. 英漢詞組互譯：
1. 求助于老師_________ 2. 提高英語能力_________
3. learn English by watching English-language video ________________
4. 朗讀__________ 5. memorize the words of pop songs__________
6. feel differently__________ 7. 加入英語俱樂部__________
8. have conversations with friends__________
9. 做一個調(diào)查__________ 10. to begin with__________
二. 選擇填空：
1. Grandpa is getting old and he has trouble ________ what others say to him.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. have heard
2. Some students were afraid _________ in class because they thought their classmates might laugh at them.
A. of speak B. to speak C. speak D. to speaking
3. English is popular around the world and most people speak it ________ a second language.
A. as B. like C. for D. by
4. I haven’t seen the movie and my brother hasn’t _______.
A. too B. either C. also D. yet
5. Do you know _______? At 8:00 a.m.
A. who to talk with B. when to have a meeting
C. what to do next D. where to go swimming
6. Watching English movies isn’t a bad way to learn English because learners can watch the actors ________ the words.
A. saying B. say C. to say D. to saying
7. The box was _________ heavy for me ________ lift.
A. so, that B. too, to C. too, too D. to, too
8. She thinks the best way _________ English is ________ English magazines.
A. to learn, read B. to learn, by reading
C. learning, reading D. learning, to read
9. He was ________ because English grammar is ________.
A. frustrated, frustrated B. frustrating, frustrating
C. frustrated, frustrating D. frustrating, frustrated
10. Practice makes perfect. It is _______ of becoming a successful learner.
A. one of the secret B. one of the secrets
C. one of secret D. one secrets
三. 用所給單詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空
to begin with end up memorize feel
making mistakes practice trouble
write down improve laugh at
1. Well, _______, he shouldn’t even have been driving my car.
2. It gives students the opportunity to _______ speaking English.
3. Most slimmers ________ putting weight back on.
4. Don’t be afraid of ________ when you learn a foreign language.
5. He has a very good memory and it is said that he can ________ all the texts in this textbook.
6. This kind of paper _______ very soft.
7. He has so much ________ with writing. I’m never sure where the comma goes in a sentence.
8. Don’t ________ others’ shortcomings.
9. You should _______ new English words in a vocabulary list.
10. The best way to ________ your English is to join an English club.
四. 任務(wù)型閱讀：
（一）
你知道外國學(xué)生怎樣度假嗎？請你讀一讀下面的介紹，并根據(jù)你讀到的信息完成表格。
Take A Learning Vacation
How are you spending your next vacation? No plans? Then how about going to an overseas English language school, for example in the United States or the United Kingdom? Many schools offer short courses for students of all ages, from seven to seventy years old!
There are schools in small country towns, on college campuses, or in the middle of big cities.
Foreign students can stay in school buildings or with local families. Living with a family can be fun and can really help you learn.
Just think-you’ll get at least two hours a day of breakfast and dinner conversation with native speakers of English!
Classes are usually small with eight to ten students. Most afternoons you’ll have a choice of swimming, soccer and other outdoor games. The schools also arrange activities like day trips to museums and amusement parks. You’ll have a chance to improve your English and have fun at the same time!
Schools Families
living 1_____________ with local families
classes 2____________
activities 3______________
soccer and other out door games, day trips to museums and amusement parks two hours a day of breakfast and dinner conversation with native speakers of English!
help have a chance to improve your English and have fun at the same time 4___________
（二）
Turtles and tortoises have been on planet （星球）Earth even before the dinosaurs （恐龍）. They are much older. The difference between a turtle and a tortoise is that the turtle stays in water while the tortoise stays on land. But both creatures have one thing in common: they have a long life, from 120 years to almost 200 years!
Some of them are huge, like the giant tortoises of the Galapagos Islands－they weigh beyond 200 kg; their shells are more than a meter long. The beauty is that they hatch（孵化）from eggs that are not bigger than a hen’s!
The manage to live so long because the important parts of their bodies do not become weak with age, as in the case of （就…來說）humans and birds. In fact, they continue to grow very, very slowly for as long as they live. Their body does not need much energy to survive （生存）. They can live for long periods without water or food.
Turtles and tortoises face other risks （危險）to their life. After birth, their shells take some months to become hard. Till then, they are an easy prey for birds and fish. The other risk to their life comes from pollution （污染）of their living environment.
請根據(jù)短文填寫下列表格：
Turtle Tortoise
Difference Stays in water 1.______
Common things 2. ___________________________
The reason of their long life 3. ___________________________
The risks of their life They are an easy prey for birds and fish before their shells become hard.
4. __________________
（三）
Finding the Best Pet
Which pet is the best pet for you? Different pets are good for different people. People who live in the country can have almost any pet. Dogs need a lot of space to run, so the country is a good place for them. The country is a good place for cats, rabbits, horses, and birds, too.
People who live in the city can also have pets. Cats are happy inside apartments. Birds, fish, and lizards can live in apartments. Dogs can be happy in apartments as long as they get plenty of exercise and fresh air. Dogs need to be walked every day. A jogger would make a good pet owner. Then the dog could run with its owner.
Cat and dog owners must train their pets. Training takes time. Birds, fish, and lizards are better pets for people who are very busy.
Cats and dogs both need soft beds to sleep on. Birds sleep on a perch in their cages. Lizards and fish need tanks to live in. One thing all animals need is lots of love.
1. People in the country can have ____________, such as _________.
2. ________ need to be walked every day.
3. Busy people could have ___________ as pets.
4. All pets need _________.
【試題答案】
一. 1. ask the teacher for help 2. improve English skills
3. 通過看英語錄相學(xué)英語 4. read aloud
5. 記住流行歌曲的歌詞 6. 感覺不一樣
7. join the English club 8. 和某人對話
9. make a survey 10. 首先、第一
二. 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B
6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B
三. 1. to begin with 2. practice 3. end up
4. making mistakes 5. memorize 6. feels
7. trouble 8. laugh at 9. write down
10. improve
四.（一）1. in small country towns
2. are usually small with eight to ten students
3. have a choice of swimming
4. help you learn
（二）1. stays on land 2. have a long life
3. the important parts of their bodies do not become weak with age.
4. are an easy prey for birds and fish; risk to their life comes from pollution of their living environment.
（三）1. pets cats 2. Dogs 3. lizards
4. lots of love