Module 4 The natural elements Unit2 The wind is blowing

［教學(xué)過程］

重點詞匯

anyone bamboo bow colourful disappointed discuss

everyone fable frame hold howl impatient

lean sweat paragraph proud shock show off

slide speed strength wrinkle trick

形容詞與副詞的比較級

　　大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

1） 規(guī)則變化

單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。

構(gòu)成法　　　　　　原級　　　　　 比較級　　　最高級

一般單音節(jié)詞　　　tall（高的）　　　taller　　　　tallest

末尾加-er,-est　　　great（巨大的）　　greater　　greatest

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾　nice（好的）　　 nicer　　nicest

的單音節(jié)　 large（大的）　　larger　 largest

以- le結(jié)尾的雙　able（有能力的） abler　　ablest

音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

以一個輔音字母　big（大的）　　　 bigger　 biggest

結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單　hot（熱的）　　　　hotter　 hottest

音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)

尾的輔音字母，

再加-er，-est

“以輔音字母+y”　easy（容易的）　　easier　 easiest

結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，busy（忙的）　　　busier　 busiest

改y為i，再加-er，-est

少數(shù)以-er，-ow　clever（聰明的）　cleverer cleverest

結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞　narrow（窄的）　　narrower narrowest

末尾加-er，-est　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　

其他雙音節(jié)詞和　important（重要的）　more important

多音節(jié)詞，在前　　　　　　most important

面加more，most　　　　　　　　　　　

來構(gòu)成比較級和　easily（容易地）

最高級　　　　more easily　　most easily 　　

2）不規(guī)則變化

　　　　原級　　　　　　比較級　　　最高級　　　　　　　　 　

　　good（好的）/　　　　better　　　　best

　　well（健康的）

　　bad （壞的）/　　　　worse　　　　worst

　　ill（有病的）

　　old （老的）　　　　older/elder　　　oldest/eldest　　　 　

　　much/many（多的）　more　　　　　most　　　　　　　　

　　little（少的）　　　　less　　　　　　least　　　　　　　　

　　far （遠(yuǎn)的）　　　　farther/further　　farthest/furthest　

as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as

1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as。

　　He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2）當(dāng)as… as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式。

　　 as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+as

　　 as + many/much +名詞+as

　　 This is as good an example as the other is.

　　 I can carry as much paper as you can.

3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。

　　This room is twice as big as that one.

　　Your room is the same size as mine.　　

4）倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as　<=> 倍數(shù)+ the + of

　　This bridge is three times as long as that one.

　　This bridge is three times the length of that one.

　　Your room is twice as large as mine.

　　Your room is twice the size of mine.

比較級形容詞或副詞 + than

You are taller than I.

　　The lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

注意：

1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。

　　 （錯） He is more cleverer than his brother.

　　 （對） He is more clever than his brother.

　　 （對） He is cleverer than his brother.

2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。

　　 （錯） China is larger that any country in Asia.

　　 （對） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

3）要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。

　　 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

　　 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

4）要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有冠詞。

　　 比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

　　　　 Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

　　　　 She is taller than her two sisters.

　　　　 She is the taller of the two sisters.

可修飾比較級的詞

1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。

2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。

3）以上詞（除by far）外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。

例題：

1）　---- Are you feeling ____?

　　 ---- Yes，I'm fine now.

A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better　　

答案：B any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better。

2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.　

A. more B. much more C. much D. more much

答案：C much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。

3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time D. a much happier time

答案：D

物主代詞：

物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。

1. 形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，用在名詞前。

例：①This is my book.這是我的書。

②We love our motherland.我們熱愛我們的祖國。

2. 名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用。

名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

為避免重復(fù)使用名詞，有時可用“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式

例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.

可寫成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.

Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine.

看那兩支鉛筆，紅的是你的，藍(lán)的是我的。

一覽表

however可為復(fù)合關(guān)系副詞。

（1）（引領(lǐng)讓步從句）無論如何

However hard he may try, he cannot do it in a week.

（= No matter how hard he may try, …）

無論他怎樣努力工作，也不能在一星期內(nèi)做好。

however有時可表達(dá)“然而”、“可是”之意，出現(xiàn)于句中或句尾。

They said that it was so；they were mistaken，however.

他們說事情就是如此，可是他們錯了。

系動詞：

系動詞亦稱連系動詞，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補(bǔ)語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。

說明：有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達(dá)實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語，例如：

He fell ill yesterday.　

他昨天病了。（fell是系動詞，后跟補(bǔ)足語，說明主語情況。）

He fell off the ladder.　

他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。

1）狀態(tài)系動詞

用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：He is a teacher.　他是一名教師。（is與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。）

2）持續(xù)系動詞

用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting.　他開會時總保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery.　 此事仍是一個謎。

3）表像系動詞

用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired.　 他看起來很累。

He seems （to be） very sad.　 他看起來很傷心。

4）感官系動詞

感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.　這種布手感很軟。

This flower smells very sweet.　這朵花聞起來很香。

5）變化系動詞

這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：

He became mad after that.　 自那之后，他瘋了。

She grew rich within a short time.　她沒多長時間就富了。

6）終止系動詞

表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)“證實”，“變成”之意，例如：

The rumor proved false.　這謠言證實有假。

The search proved difficult.　搜查證實很難。

His plan turned out a success.　他的計劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）

【模擬試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）

一、選擇

1. Tony is going camping with ___ boys.　

A. little two other B. two little other

C. two other little D. little other two

2. One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone　

C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

3. ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few D. few sunny last

4. The weather in China is different from____.

A. in America B. one in America

C. America D. that in America

5. After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many B. as many twice

C. twice as many D. twice many as

6. ____ good use you’ve made of your time to study , there’s still room for improvement.

A. Whatever B. However C. Though D. That

二、閱讀理解

（A）At the Barber's Shop（理發(fā)店）

Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, hewas not happy with the result（結(jié)果）. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed and said, “What has happened to your hair, Jack?”

Jack said, “I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied with my old one, but this one seems even worse.”

Bob agreed（同意）. “Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him.”

“Why shall I go to him?” Jack asked. “But that would be foolish!”

“Oh, no, it wouldn't,” answered Bob. “Who cut that man's hair? Just think it. He couldn't cut it himself, could he? Another of the barbers cut it. So you know he can't be the worst barber.”

1. When Jack went out of the barber's shop, he was not happy because ____.

A. nobody had cut his hair

B. the barber hadn't cut his hair well

C. the barber had cut his hair carefully

D. he was not satisfied with his old barber

2. “I tried a new barber's shop today.” means ____.

A. this barber's shop was a new one

B. this was the only barber's shop in this town

C. Jack often went to this barber's shop

D. Jack had not been to this barber's shop before

3. After Jack had his hair cut, he thought ____.

A. the new barber's shop was the best one

B. the old barber's shop wasn't so good as the new one

C. the new barber's shop was worse than the old one

D. the old barber's shop was the worst one

4. Bob told Jack to find out which barber's hair looked the worst and then go straight to him. Why?

A. Because he was certainly the best barber.

B. Because he was free all the time.

C. Because he was the worst barber.

D. Because he wasn't the worst barber.

5. From the story we know that ____.

A. it's foolish to have one's hair cut at a barber's shop

B. barbers cut each other's hair

C. barbers never have their hair cut

D. a barber always cuts his hair by himself

（B）Mr Perkin's New Car

Mr Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars were new Beta 400s, and most of them were yellow. Mr Perkin always wore the same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same things after work, and at the end of the week, Mr Perkin did not like to be different.

The following week, Mr Perkin bought a new, bright yellow Beta 400s. He was satisfied with it, and drove to work in it the very next day. He was even more satisfied with his new car, when he saw all the other Beta 400s, in front, behind, and on both sides of him.

Mr Perkin parked（停車） his car in a big car-park（停車場） near his office, and walked the rest of the way. But when he came back at five o'clock, there were so many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know which car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave him a look he didn't like. So he stopped.

Poor Mr Perkin had to wait nearly two hours until his was the only yellow Beta 400s in the car-park.

1. Mr Perkin wanted a new yellow Beta 400s because

A. the bus did not come.

B. he liked new clothes, food and cars.

C. he liked to do the same as other people.

D. he liked to be different from others.

2. He drove to work in his new car

A. the very next day.

B. the day he bought it.

C. a week he bought in.

D. on the day he first watched the cars passing.

3. He was satisfied with his new car because

A. no one else had a yellow one.

B. it was the same as other cars all around him.

C. he was in front of all the other cars.

D. other cars were not as bright as his.

4. At five o'clock Mr Perkin

A. walked home.

B. drove his car out of the car-park.

C. came back to the car-park.

D. did not know which was his car-park.

5. People gave him a look because

A. he had a nice new car.

B. he could not open the door of his car.

C. he was in the wrong car-park.

D. he was trying to open more than one car.

6. Mr Perkin had to wait until

A. there was only one yellow Beta 400s in the car-park.

B. there was only one car in the car-park.

C. there were no bright yellow cars in the car-park.

D. there was no one about to look at him

【試題答案】

一、選擇

1. 答案：C 由“限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-（大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色）-性質(zhì)-名詞”的公式可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。

2. 答案A 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞，它們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。

3. 答案：B 本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的放在后。

4. 答案：D 本題意為“中國的天氣與美國的不同。”比較的是天氣而不是國家，C不能選。A沒有名詞，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞，而that可以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞，所以選D。

5. 答案：C 此句意為“這個廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是往年的兩倍”。表示倍數(shù)用“倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象”的句型。所以此句答案為C。

例：This ruler is three times as long as that one.

6. 答案：B

二、閱讀理解

（A）1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B

（B）1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A