Unit 12 Education
Teaching aims and demands:
(1) To learn some words and expressions .
(2) To use the words and expressions correctly
(3)Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
1. load n.[C] 1.) 裝載;擔(dān)子 The load on that beam is more than it will bear. 那根梁上的載重超過(guò)了它所能承受的量。 2.) (精神方面的)負(fù)擔(dān);重任 The good news has taken a load off my mind. 聽(tīng)了這個(gè)好消息我就放心了。 3.) (車(chē),船等的)裝載量;一車(chē)(或一船等)貨物 The truck was carrying a load of sand. 卡車(chē)裝運(yùn)一車(chē)沙子。 4.) 工作量 Measures have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors. 業(yè)已采取措施減輕醫(yī)院醫(yī)生的負(fù)擔(dān)。 vt. 1.) 裝,裝載[(+with)] The workers are loading the ship with coal. 工人正把煤裝上船。 2.) 把彈藥裝入(槍,炮);把膠卷裝入(照相機(jī)) Don't forget to load your camera. 別忘了給你的相機(jī)裝膠卷。 3.) 使擺滿;使充滿;使長(zhǎng)滿 [(+with)] The air was loaded with soot. 空氣充滿煤煙。 4.) 大量給予[(+with)] His brothers and sisters loaded him with books. 他的哥哥姐姐送給他許多書(shū)。 2.strict____________
. be strict with sb._____________
be strict in sth.________________
in the strict sense嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)
be pleased with sb./sth.對(duì)某人（事）滿意
e.g She is very strict not only _________all of us,but_________all her own work.(C)
A.in,with B.with,with C.with,in D.in,in
3.compulsory_______________
4.commitment(n.)_________________ 承擔(dān)義務(wù) , 獻(xiàn)身，投入（常與to sb/sth連用）
make a commitment to do 承諾
a commitment to pay $50000 to Red Cross 承諾向紅十字會(huì)提供50000美元
I've taken on too many commitments. 我承擔(dān)的義務(wù)太多了。
He doesn't want to get married because he is afraid of any commitments.
"他不想結(jié)婚,因?yàn)樗ε鲁袚?dān)任何責(zé)任。"
5.to begin with （插入語(yǔ)）首先,___________________
類(lèi)似詞組有：to start with; to tell the truth; to be honest; to be frank; to make things worse
Although it had seemed a good reason, to begin with: no couple could afford to have children.
6. skeptical _____________
be skeptical about/of _________________
1)I’m rather skeptical about their professed sympathy for the poor.
他們聲稱(chēng)同情窮人，我對(duì)此有些懷疑。
2)e.g. Everyone says our team will win,but I _________it.
A.am sceptical of B.am sure of C.am proud of D.am concerned about
3)I am sceptical about his chances of winning. 我懷疑他取勝的可能性。
4)The public remain sceptical of these claims. 公眾對(duì)這些說(shuō)法仍持懷疑態(tài)度。
5)She looked highly sceptical.她一臉深表懷疑的神色。
7.tendency (n.)________________
to/towards sth.
tendency to do sth.
罪犯使用槍械的上升趨勢(shì) an increasing tendency towards the use of firearms by criminals
人們?cè)诩依锒皇窃谵k公室里工作的趨勢(shì)日益增長(zhǎng)。
There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.
8. drop out 退學(xué) 1 退出，脫離2 退學(xué)，輟學(xué)
①He has dropped out of active politics. 他已經(jīng)不再積極參政了。
②a word that has dropped out of the language 該語(yǔ)言中已經(jīng)廢棄的一個(gè)詞。
③One of my teeth has dropped out. 我的一只牙齒掉了。④She started a degree but dropped out after only a year.
她開(kāi)始攻讀工程學(xué)學(xué)位，但僅一年后就輟學(xué)了。
⑤She dropped out of school to become a waitress. 她退學(xué)去當(dāng)女招待。9.expand (vi.)_________________(vt.)______________1.) 展開(kāi),張開(kāi)(帆,翅等) The eagle expanded its wings. 老鷹展開(kāi)翅膀。 2.) 使膨脹;使擴(kuò)張 3.) 擴(kuò)大;擴(kuò)充;發(fā)展 He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考慮擴(kuò)展他的生意。 4.) 詳述 They have expanded my view on the question. 他們已更充分地闡明了我對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)。 vi. 1.) 展開(kāi),張開(kāi) 2.) 擴(kuò)張;發(fā)展;增長(zhǎng) In ten years the city's population expanded by 12%. 十年之中,該城人口增加了百分之十二。 3.) 膨脹 Water expands when it freezes. 水結(jié)冰時(shí)體積膨脹。 A tire expands when you pump air into it. 輪胎打了氣就會(huì)脹大。 4.) 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明[(+on/upon)]
10. distribute _______________~ sth (to / among sb/sth)
①The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)向地震災(zāi)民分發(fā)了食品和毯子。
②The newspaper is distributed free. 這份報(bào)紙免費(fèi)分發(fā)。
③The money was distributed among schools in the area.
這筆款項(xiàng)是在本地區(qū)的學(xué)校中分配的。
④Who distributes our products in the UK? 誰(shuí)在英國(guó)分銷(xiāo)我們的產(chǎn)品？
⑤The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups. 老師把學(xué)生分成三組。 11. result in _______________
result from _____________
①job losses resulting from changes in production 生產(chǎn)革新造成的失業(yè)。
②When water levels rise, flooding results. 水位上升，就會(huì)發(fā)洪水。
③The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths. 颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)造成成千上萬(wàn)的人死亡。
④[+ -ing] These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship.
這些政策使許多老人和殘疾人在困苦中掙扎。
12.donate ______________vt. 捐獻(xiàn),捐贈(zèng)[(+to)] She donated her books to the library. 她把自己的書(shū)捐贈(zèng)給圖書(shū)館。 donate blood獻(xiàn)血 vi. 捐獻(xiàn),捐贈(zèng)[(+to/towards)] My husband donates to that group every year. 我丈夫每年都捐錢(qián)給那個(gè)組織。 donation n.[(+to)] 1.) 捐獻(xiàn),捐贈(zèng)[U][C] She made a donation of $5,000 to the Children's Hospital. 她捐了五千美元給兒童醫(yī)院。 2.) 捐款;捐贈(zèng)物[C] 13. profession n. 1.) (尤指受過(guò)良好教育或?qū)ｉT(mén)訓(xùn)練者,如律師、醫(yī)生、教師的)職業(yè)，專(zhuān)業(yè)[C] She intends to make teaching her profession. 她打算以教書(shū)為業(yè)。 2.) 同業(yè),同行[sing.] The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid. 教師同行們聲稱(chēng)待遇太差。 He is a leading member of the medical profession. 他是醫(yī)療業(yè)中首屈一指的醫(yī)生。 比較：career n. 1.) (終身的) 職業(yè)，事業(yè)[C]
He wasn't interested in her stage career. 他對(duì)她的演戲職業(yè)不感興趣。 2.) 經(jīng)歷;生涯;歷程[C] He found it both interesting and instructive to learn about the careers of great men. 他覺(jué)得了解偉人的生平既很有趣又有教益。 比較：occupation n. 1.) 工作,職業(yè)[C] What is your father’s occupation? 你父親的職業(yè)是什么？ 2.) 消遣;日常事務(wù)[C][U] He was bored for lack of occupation. 他因無(wú)所事事而感到厭煩。 3.) 占領(lǐng),占據(jù);占領(lǐng)時(shí)期[U] The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty-one years. 日本占領(lǐng)臺(tái)灣達(dá)五十一年之久。 4.) 占用;居住;占用(或居住)期 No one is yet in occupation of the house. 這所房子還沒(méi)有人住進(jìn)去。 所以，在三個(gè)表示職業(yè)的詞中，profession n.(尤指受過(guò)良好教育或?qū)ｉT(mén)訓(xùn)練者,如律師、醫(yī)生、教師的)職業(yè)，專(zhuān)業(yè)，[C]；career n. (終身的)職業(yè)，事業(yè)[C]；occupation n.職業(yè)，工作 [C]，是一種泛指。
14.advocate___________
①我擁護(hù)逐步改革的政策。I advocate a policy of gradual reform.
②主張核武器裁軍者an advocate of nuclear disarmament 15. obtain _______________vt. 得到,獲得 He failed to obtain a scholarship. 他沒(méi)有獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。 They obtained a loan from the government. 他們從政府那里得到一筆貸款。 vi. 得到公認(rèn);通用;流行;存在 Those conditions no longer obtain. 那些情形已不存在。 The custom still obtains in some areas. 某些地區(qū)仍保留著這一習(xí)俗。 16. select vt. 選擇,挑選,選拔[(+for/from)] He selected a team for the special task. 他為這項(xiàng)特殊任務(wù)挑選了一組人馬。 Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee.
里德先生代表我們已被選入委員會(huì)。 vi. 做出選擇,挑選 adj. 1.) 挑選出來(lái)的;精選的 A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding. 他們的經(jīng)過(guò)挑選的一群朋友應(yīng)邀參加婚禮。 2.) 上等的,優(yōu)等的,卓越的 She only stays at select hotels. 她只住一流旅館。 17. suit n. (一套)衣服[C] I picked out a black suit. 我挑了一套黑色西裝。 vt. 1.) 適合,中...的意 Would Friday morning suit you? 星期五早上對(duì)你合適嗎? The arrangement suited us both. 這個(gè)安排對(duì)我們兩人都合適。 2.) (不用被動(dòng)式) 與...相配,與...相稱(chēng) This dress suits you beautifully. 這件衣服你穿非常合適。 3.) 使合適; 使適應(yīng) [(+to)] Her speech was well suited to the occasion. 她的講話在這個(gè)場(chǎng)合十分得體。 比較：fit作動(dòng)詞的用法 sth. suit sb.=look attractive on ab. 合某人身
be suited for(to)sb./sth.=be suitable or right for sb./sth.適合某人
He is better suited to a job with old pupils.他較適合教小學(xué)高年級(jí)學(xué)生。
e.g. Mr Gong,who is in poor health,__________such a hard life.
A.is suit to living B.is suit to live C.is suited to living D.is suited to live
Period 2 Warming up
Teaching aims and demands:
To improve the Ss’speaking and listening skills
Grasp some useful phrases:
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Disscussion
SB P.100 Let the Ss disscuss the questions in the text then check the answers with the Ss.
Step 2 Listening
Listen to the tape and finish the exercise on page 101
Step 3 Speaking
Divide the Ss into several groups to discuss and let them report their ideas to the class
Step 4 Language points
1. How is it similar to Chinese education?
be similar to 與…相似
My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
2.compare your notes with your partner’s.與你的同伴交換你的看法
compare notes with sb.與某人交換看法或意見(jiàn)等
make a note of=make notes of請(qǐng)記錄下
take a note/notes of記筆記…
3.a heavy workload沉重的工作負(fù)擔(dān)
a load of=loads of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，大量，許多
load…with sth.=load sth. onto/into把某物裝到…上
e.g.Men were loading up a truck with wood.
=Men were loading up wood onto a truck.
She loaded film into the camera.=She loaded the camera with film.她把膠卷裝到了相機(jī)里。
區(qū)分 burden_____________________________________
load _____________________________________
Period 3 Reading-Education for all
Teaching aims and demands:
(1)To get general ideas of the passage
(2)To improve the Ss’ reading skill
1.Main idea of each paragraph:
Para. A Compulsory education for all Chinese children
Para. B Education for All-an international target
Para. C Encouraging people in rural areas to accept education
Para. D Problems of number and location
Para. E Meeting the cost
Para. F Solving the problem of teaching quality in remote areas
Para. G Education for all children worldwide will be difficult to achieve
2.Pay attention to some numbers in the text and fill in the following blank.
1.In _____, the Chinese government introduced a law stating that by the year _____ every Chinese child would have ____ years of compulsory education.( 1986 , 2000 , nine)
2. It is reported that ____of school-age children in China attended primary school by 2004. (99%)
3. When the World Education Forum met in _____, it calculated that there were ____ million children not in school. (2000 , 113)
4. At the Forum, the member countries of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) made a commitment to provide “complete, free and compulsory primary education for good quality for all children by _____”. (2015)
5. In the Turks and Caicos Islands, where there are less than _______ people, the number of students in some school is so low that students of several different grades are taught in the same classroom. (20,000)
6. In north and central Australia the population is so spread out that children in some rural settlements can be as far as _____ km away from the nearest school. (1,000)
7. ___________ students in United States lives in the countryside, and providing them with a full curriculum is difficult.( One in three )
8. China has also adopted distance learning methods such as television lessons and in _____, the Ministry of Education introduced computerized teaching networks in central and western
China. (1999)
9. Now, when a Chinese couple has ______, they can be confident that their child will be able to attend school. (a baby )
10. This mountain school in Lesotho, Africa has ____ students (120 )
11. The Alice Springs School of the Air in Australia has ____ children who live in an area of over __________ square kilometers. (140, one million )
12. There is ____ teacher, ____ classroom, no doors, windows, desks or chairs. (one , one )
3.According to the passing , which countries use the following methods to help them provide education ?
Methods Countries
distance learning Australia, China, the USA
mixed-grade classes The Turks and Caicos Islands, parts of the remote central and western regions in China,
money from international organizations
China, the developing countries in Africa and Asia
money from local organizations
China, the developing countries
4. Reading comprehension :Choose the best answer
1. According to the text , ______ of school-age children attended primary school by _______ .
A. 99 % ; 2000 B. 86% ; 2000 C. 99% ; 2004 D. 86% ; 2004
2. What suggests that many countries realize the importance of education ?
A. They realize that the future welfare of their citizens is closely linked to education
B. They attended the World Education Forum in 2000
C. At the World Education Forum in 2000 , they made a commitment called “Education for all”
D. They are trying to get every child into school
3. ______ prevents some people attaching importance to education .
A. The importance of agriculture B. Heavy work on the farm
C. Traditional ideas D. All the above
4. What kind of classes can often be seen in western provinces in China ?
A. Mixed grade classes B. Classes of large sizes
C. Classes of small sizes D. Classes by two-way radio and mail
5.What measures do many developing countries take to provide schools with necessary equipment?
A. They call on their citizens to donate it
B. They depend on aid from other countries and international organizations or programs
C. They borrow it from their neighbor countries
D. Developed provinces provide aid for less developed provinces
6. How many countries are mentioned in the text to have adopted distance learning methods ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
7. According to Paragraph F , which of the following is one of the education problems existing in America ?
A. The quality of teaching is not good nationwide
B. There are too many families now below poverty line
C. One third of the students live in the countryside
D. Violent crimes take place in schoolyards
8. The text talks mainly about ______ .
A. “Education for all ”----the international target
B. solving the problems of teaching quality in remote areas
C. encouraging people in rural areas to accept education
D. problems of the number of people in one area and location
9. It’s difficult for some countries in Africa and Asia to achieve the goal of “ Education for all ” , because _______ .
A. the population is too large
B. they are facing many other problems , such as lack of fresh water and basic health care
C. the international aid is far from enough
D. the economy there is the least developed
10. Which of the statements is true ?
A. People’s attitude towards education affects education system
B.The number of people in one area and people’s distribution can also cause education problems
C. Education system can be affected by economy
D. All the above
答案：CCDAB CCADD
5.Decide True or False according to the text.
①I(mǎi)n 2000 the Chinese government passed a law that every child must have nine years of compulsory education. F
②In the 2000 World Education Forum,the member countries of the UNESCO promised to provide
education for all although they have many difficulties. T
③There are 113 million children not in school today. F
④Children who live on farms do not like to attend school. F
⑤Some children in the countryside tend to drop out of school even if they start school. T
⑥Class sizes are larger in city schools than in rural schools. T
⑦Whether all the population can receive education depends on economy. T
⑧The reason why distance learning is adopted in remote areas is that children live so far away. T
⑨By 2015 every child in the world will receive nine years of compulsory education. F
⑩China had made great achievements in accomplishing its “nine years of compulsory education”goal. T
Period 4 Language points in reading
Teaching aims and demands:
To learn and grasp some important phrases in the text
To learn some important language points
1. introduce 介紹，正式提交，實(shí)施
He introduced me to a Greek girl at the party.
The first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the course.
The company is introducing a new range of products this year.
The new law was introduced in 1991.
2.nine years of compulsory education_____________________
3.be highly successful_____________________
highly 與high 區(qū)別; close 與closely 區(qū)別
1)Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?
你是否看見(jiàn)那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飛舞 著？
2)The distinguished guests were highly praised.貴賓們受到了高度贊揚(yáng)。
引申：Suddenly the door was ______and in came Mr. Wang.
A. open wide B. widely open C. wide opened D. open widely
（答案為C，由前面的suddenly可見(jiàn)，此句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不用形容詞，wide與widely都有副詞，但是意義不同，他們的區(qū)別好象deep/deeply，high/highly，close/closely）
4. It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道…
類(lèi)似的句型還有：it is said/ believed/hoped/announced that …
5.be closely linked to_____________________
6.make a commitment to provide …作出一項(xiàng)承諾提供
①(n.)______________
1)make a commitment to sb.to do sth.=make a promise作出承諾
2)She doesn’t want to make a commitment to Steve at the moment._____________________
② commit vt. ______________
to sth.
commit sb./yourself to doing sth.向……承諾做某事
to do
e.g.1）總統(tǒng)承諾要改革衛(wèi)生保健制度。
The President is committed to reforming health care.
2）雙方承諾和平解決矛盾。
Both sides committed themselves to settle the conflict peacefully.
7. face similar difficulties_____________________
①face to face 面對(duì)面地
I rushed out of the office and found myself face-to-face with the boss.
"我沖出辦公室,面對(duì)面地碰上了老板。"
The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman.
那竊賊轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)墻角，面對(duì)面碰上一個(gè)警察。
②in the face of 不顧；面對(duì)，在…前面
He succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 盡管有巨大的困難，但他成功了。
③be faced with 面臨
I realized that Hamlet was faced with an entirely different problem.
我意識(shí)到Hamlet面臨著完全不同的問(wèn)題。
The state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes.
國(guó)家面臨緊迫的問(wèn)題，收新稅。
8.To begin with,it is important to create a positive attitude.______________________
9. attach importance to ….認(rèn)為。。。很重要
~ importance/significance/value/weight, etc. (to sth)
e.g我認(rèn)為這個(gè)研究十分重要。I attach great importance to this research.
10.be skeptical of anything that_____________________
take children away from their work on the farm不讓孩子們田里勞動(dòng)
11.have a tendency to be absent常常會(huì)缺課
12. be willing /unwilling to do （不）愿意。（不）樂(lè)意
They keep a list of people (who are) willing to work nights.
他們有一份愿意夜間工作的人的名單。
I’m perfectly willing to discuss the problem.我十分樂(lè)意討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
They are unwilling to invest any more money in the project. 他們不愿再為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目投資。
She was unable, or unwilling, to give me any further details.
她不能，或不愿意，向我提供進(jìn)一步的細(xì)節(jié)。
13. mean 想要，意思是；
What did she mean by leaving so early (= why did she do it)?
Don’t laugh! I mean it (= I am serious).
I’m sorry I hurt you. I didn’t mean to.
You’re meant to (= you are supposed to) pay before you go in.
[常用被動(dòng)] ~ sb for sth| ~ sb to be sth （想要某人成為，想要某人去做）
I was never meant for the army (= did not have the qualities needed to become a soldier). 我根本就不是塊當(dāng)兵的料。
Philip and Kim were meant for each other (= are very suitable as partners). Philip 和Kim真是天生的一對(duì)。
[vn to inf] His father meant him to be an engineer. 他父親想讓他當(dāng)工程師。
She did everything to get the two of them together, but I guess it just wasn’t meant to be.她極力撮合他兩個(gè)，但我覺(jué)得那根本不可能。
By all means可以，當(dāng)然行，沒(méi)問(wèn)題
‘Do you mind if I have a look?’ ‘By all means.’借我看一眼行嗎？當(dāng)然可以。
by means of sth (formal) 借助。。。手段，依靠。。。方法。
: The load was lifted by means of a crane. 重物是用起重機(jī)吊起來(lái)的。
By no means 絕不，一點(diǎn)也不
She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 她絕不是一個(gè)毫無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師。
We haven’t won yet, not by any means. 我們離成功還遠(yuǎn)著呢。
By no means are these cases exceptional. 這些例子絕不是例外。
14.China’s large population meant that the school had to expand to take in many more students. 擴(kuò)大來(lái)接納更多的學(xué)生
take sb. in收留，留宿e.g.He was homeless,so we took him in.
take sb. in欺騙，蒙騙 She took me in completely with her story.
她的一番花言巧語(yǔ)完全把我騙了。
take sth. in吸入，吞入，改小，包含 The tour takes in six European capitals.
14.result in lare class sizes結(jié)果造成班級(jí)人數(shù)很多
15.In north and central Australia the population is so spread out that …
spread out 分散,伸展身體，攤開(kāi)東西
1)There’s more room to spread out in first class. 頭等艙寬敞些，伸得開(kāi)腿。
2)Do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa？
你就非得躺下，把整個(gè)大沙發(fā)全占了才行嗎？3)The searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人員分散開(kāi)來(lái),好更快搜索這一地區(qū)。
16.Australia uses “distance settlements can be as far as
as far as the eye can / could see 極目所盡
The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.
荒涼的曠野向四面伸展開(kāi)去，一望無(wú)際。
as far as I know |/as far as I can remember/see/tell, etc. 就我所知道/據(jù)我所記得的/依我看。
As far as we knew, there was no cause for concern. 就我們所知，沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。
As far as I can see, you’ve done nothing wrong. 依我看，你沒(méi)有做錯(cuò)任何事。
She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember. 據(jù)我所記得的，她過(guò)去住在Chicago。
as / so far as sb/sth is concerned |就…而言
As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。
17. available 可獲得的，可找到的，有空的
Tickets are available free of charge from the school. 學(xué)校有免費(fèi)票。
When will the information be made available? 何時(shí)才能了解到情況？
Further information is available on request. 詳情備索。
This was the only room available. 這是唯一可用的房間。
We’ll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available. 一有貨我們就會(huì)給你郵寄一本去。
Every available doctor was called to the scene.所有能找到的醫(yī)生都備召集到了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
Will she be available this afternoon? 今天下午她有空嗎？
18. rely on /upon 依賴； 依靠
These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
[+ -ing] The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low.
You can rely on me to keep your secret.
He can’t be relied on to tell the truth
19. adopt 收養(yǎng)，采用 （方法）；采納（建議，政策等）
All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem. 三個(gè)隊(duì)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法各不相同。
The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting.委員會(huì)有望在下次會(huì)議上正式通過(guò)這項(xiàng)新政策。
20. overcome 克服，戰(zhàn)勝
She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.In the final game Sweden easily overcame France
Period 5 Language practice
Teaching aims and demands
(1)Consolidate the words that has been learned
(2)Grammar
語(yǔ)法：
（一）本類(lèi)詞有hard，hardly；late，lately；most，mostly等等，這兩種副詞形式含義完全不同，所以 ，使用時(shí)不易引起混淆。
1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使勁地干活。
He hardly works at all.他很少干活。
2.You have come too late.你來(lái)得太晚了。
Have you see him lately?你最近見(jiàn)到過(guò)他嗎？
3.The person who talks most is often the one who does least.說(shuō)得最多的人常常干得最少。
The audience consisted mostly of women.觀眾大部分是女的。
4.The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of Shanghai.下趟航班不直飛東京 ，而是繞道上海。
He will be here directly.他馬上就來(lái)。
5.The rider pulled his horse up short.騎手突然一下把馬勒住。
Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. 村前不遠(yuǎn)處往右拐。
6.Please stand clear of the gate.請(qǐng)不要站在門(mén)前。
He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地闡述了自己的觀點(diǎn)。
7.The exam was pretty difficult.這次考試相當(dāng)難。
Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿著總是很 漂亮。
（二）這類(lèi)詞主要有wide，widely；close， closely ；high，highly等 等，這兩種副詞形式不同，含義 也有差別，但是沒(méi)有第一類(lèi)的區(qū)別明顯，而且 翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)用詞也很接近。所以使用時(shí)很容易混淆。這類(lèi)詞含 義及用法上的 主要特點(diǎn)是：不帶-ly的副詞表示具體的行為和動(dòng)作，說(shuō)明的動(dòng)作或狀況有可測(cè) 量性和可見(jiàn)性；而 以-ly結(jié)尾的同源副詞所表達(dá)的常常是抽象性的行為和狀況。 這時(shí)，這些詞大都具有"greatly"和"extremel y"的含義。試作如下比較：
1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看見(jiàn)那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飛舞著？
The distinguished guests were highly praised.貴賓們受到了高度贊揚(yáng)。 2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把門(mén)開(kāi)得大大的。
We were widely different on many questions.我們?cè)谠S多問(wèn)題上分歧很 大。
3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.買(mǎi)那個(gè)望遠(yuǎn)鏡你得付 很高的價(jià)錢(qián)。
You will pay dearly for the insult. 對(duì)這樣的侮辱你將付出高昂的代價(jià)。
4.She stood close against the wall.她緊挨著墻站著。
The police were watching him closely.警察在密切監(jiān)視他。
5.The bird is now flying quite low.鳥(niǎo)兒現(xiàn)在飛得非常低。
He bowed lowly before the queen.他謙恭地給女王鞠了一躬。
6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他們挖得很深才挖到水。
You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不輕。
7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯緊緊地?fù)ПеＡ_。
The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火車(chē)車(chē)箱里擠滿了乘 客。
8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.科爾先生說(shuō)話聲音總是很大。
Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power. 科爾先生大肆夸耀自己的權(quán)力。
（三）這類(lèi)詞主要有slow，slowly；quick，quickly等等異形同義詞。當(dāng) 然，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言規(guī)范性要求 用以-ly 結(jié)尾的副詞來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，但由于句子 結(jié)構(gòu)以及搭配的不同，使用時(shí)也具有不同的傾向性。在此，主要 探討一下在什 么情況下常使用不帶-ly的副詞形式。同時(shí)， 把第二類(lèi)中一些適應(yīng)于下列規(guī)則 的詞也包括進(jìn)去。 總的說(shuō)來(lái)，傾向于使用不帶-ly副詞形式的情況大致有下列 四種：
Ⅰ 用作比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí)：
1.Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking evenquicker.艾倫走得很快，但喬治走得更快 。
2.The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemenshouted louder.那些人在大聲爭(zhēng)吵著，但是警察喊叫得更響。
3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.汽車(chē)走得越來(lái)越慢，最后停了下 來(lái)。
4.Let's see who can run quickest.我們來(lái)看看誰(shuí)跑得最快。
5.We must look closer at the problem. 我們必須更加仔細(xì)地查看這一問(wèn)
題。 Ⅱ 有"so"或"too"修飾時(shí)：
1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing. 這一切發(fā)生得如 此之快以致于我手足無(wú)措無(wú)
法 對(duì)付了。
2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow.不可能趕 上他了，你的車(chē)太慢了。
3.Don't talk so loud; the child is in bed now.別這樣大聲說(shuō)話，孩子 已經(jīng)睡了。
Ⅲ 用于修飾表示移動(dòng)、天氣等常用動(dòng)詞時(shí)：
1.Come quick; we are waiting for you. 快來(lái)，我們?cè)诘饶恪?/p>
2.Drive slow; this part of the road is dangerous.車(chē)開(kāi)慢一點(diǎn)，這段 路很危險(xiǎn)。
3.The sun shines bright.陽(yáng)光明媚。
4.When we left the shelter, the snow was falling thickand the wind was blowing cold.我們 離開(kāi)那棚屋時(shí)，正下著大雪，刮著寒風(fēng)。
5.Business is going strong.生意興隆。
Ⅳ 在固定詞組中或當(dāng)用于修飾它經(jīng)常固定搭配的動(dòng)詞時(shí)：
1.Take it easy.不要緊張。
2.Stand firm and hold it tight.站穩(wěn)抓牢。
3.He often plays high.他賭注常下得很大。
4.The secretary copied the rough draft of her manager outfair.秘書(shū) 把經(jīng)理那份粗潦的草稿很清 楚地謄寫(xiě)出來(lái)。
5.They were drinking deep in the fort deep into the night.他們?cè)诔?堡中痛飲到深夜。
通過(guò)觀察，以上三類(lèi)詞中第一類(lèi)較易區(qū)別、掌握和使用。對(duì)于后兩類(lèi)詞，在 判別使用哪一種副詞形式時(shí)一 般可以考慮以下幾個(gè)原則：第一是具體性與抽象 性的原則。在表示實(shí)實(shí)在在的物體活動(dòng)、位置移動(dòng)或具體可見(jiàn) 的狀況和變化時(shí)， 常使用不帶-ly的副詞形式，如：climb high，live close by，open wide，sink deep，tu rn sharp right；反之，具有抽象含義的動(dòng)詞常用以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞， 如：think highly of，look closely into，love dearly等等。第二個(gè)原則就是常用固定搭配與靈活搭配的不同。 在一些固定詞組或經(jīng)常搭配使用 的詞組中，不帶-ly 的副詞形式使用得很多， 如aim high，run high，fight fair，goeasy with，drink de ep，sleep sound 等等。第三個(gè)原則是口語(yǔ)體與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體的使用區(qū)別。如有人說(shuō)"Speak loudly and clearly. "也有人說(shuō)"Speak loud and clear."對(duì)此情況難說(shuō)誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)錯(cuò)，只能 說(shuō)前一種說(shuō)法屬于規(guī)范性語(yǔ)體；而后一種 說(shuō)法屬于口語(yǔ)體。不帶-ly 的簡(jiǎn)單形 式是早期英語(yǔ)遺留下來(lái)的口語(yǔ)體形式。例如現(xiàn)在還有人說(shuō)"I badneed t his sort of material."就如G.O.寇姆在〈英語(yǔ)句法〉（Syntax）一書(shū)中說(shuō)過(guò)的，帶-ly 的副詞是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)或 好的口語(yǔ)， 但在松散的口語(yǔ)和大眾語(yǔ)中人們?nèi)匀粓?jiān)持使用沒(méi) 有-ly的簡(jiǎn)單形式。
根據(jù)以上原則，可以解釋為什么可以說(shuō)"Don't talk so loud. "但必須說(shuō) "He protested／complained loudly。"Talk loud 是常用的搭配形式，而且talk一詞的形象也比較具 體；protest與complain 則是搭配性 很強(qiáng)的詞， 還常常和許多別的副詞靈活 搭配， 如publicly，sharply，secretly等等。另外，這兩個(gè)詞比tal k更具 感情色彩，所以也就更具抽象性。
Period 6 Integrating skills
Teaching aims and demands:
To improve the students’ abilities of reading and comprehension
To learn some language points
Step1 Lead-in
Step2 Reading comprehension：
1.Answer the questions:
1)What are the three basic learning styles?
The three basic learning styles are learning through seeing,learning through listening and learning through doing.
2)What is the passage mainly about?
The passage mainly tells us three learning styles and their great importance to study.
2.True or False:
①Students in a class are different from each other in many ways though they are of the same age and nationality. T
②People’s ways of obtaining information and expressing themselves are always the same. F
③If you prefer to read the information while learning,you are the type of the students who learn through doing. F
④You are learning through listening if you prefer to acquire information by reading aloud,hearing a teaching explain something,using a tape recorder and so on. T
⑤Students who have the learning through doing style like to sit still for long periods of time and concentrate their minds while reading or listening. F
⑥It is easy for teachers to suit their students’various leaning styles. F
⑦It’s necessary for one to find the study methods which are suitable for him or her. T
⑧Appropriate learning styles can make one study more effectively. T
Step 3 Language points
1. have …in common
2. suggest 不用虛擬的用法
3. demonstrate 證明，論證，表達(dá)，顯露，示范，演示，示威（常用搭配：demonstrate +that /wh--/to do）
Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing. 讓我來(lái)向你說(shuō)明一下我們面臨的一些困難。
His sudden departure had demonstrated how unreliable he was. 他突然離去，這說(shuō)明他多么不可靠。
The theories were demonstrated to be false. 這些理論已被證明是錯(cuò)誤的。
We want to demonstrate our commitment to human rights.我們向表明我們對(duì)人權(quán)的信念。
Her job involves demonstrating new educational software. 她的工作包括演示新的教學(xué)軟件。
students demonstrating against the war. 舉行反戰(zhàn)示威游行的學(xué)生。
4. category 類(lèi)別，種類(lèi)
Students over 25 fall into a different category. 25歲以上的學(xué)生屬于另一類(lèi)。
The results can be divided into three main categories. 結(jié)果可以分成3大類(lèi)。
引申：categorize/se 將。。。分類(lèi)，把。。加以分類(lèi)
Participants were categorized according to age. 參加者按年齡和性別分組。
His latest work cannot be categorized as either a novel or an autobiography. 他的近作既不屬于小說(shuō)也不屬于自傳。
5. be active in 積極參加
She takes an active part in school life.
The parents were active in campaigning against cuts to the education budget.
6. approach vt./n. 接近，靠近，建議，要求，（待人接物或思考問(wèn)題的）方法，方式，態(tài)度
We heard the sound of an approaching car / a car approaching。我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一輛車(chē)駛近的聲音。
She approached the bank for a loan.她向銀行要求貸款。
The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline. 學(xué)校決定采用另一種方式解決紀(jì)律問(wèn)題。
She took the wrong approach in her dealings with them. 她用錯(cuò)誤的手段和他們打交道。
7.restriction(n.)限制 restrict(v.)…to把…限制在…
1)出售槍支受到許多法律限制。
The sale of firearms is subjected to many legal restrictions.
2)她限制自己一天吃兩頓飯。
She restricts herself to two meals a day.
3)一個(gè)家庭限制只生一個(gè)孩子。
One family is resticted to having one child.