Unit 8 learning a foreign language

單詞解釋：

motive n.(CN) 動機(jī) 目的motivate vt. 作為┉的動機(jī)；激發(fā)motivation n . (UN) 動機(jī)；積極性

I’m suffering from a lack of motivation. My new job is really boring.

我變得缺乏干勁，因為我的新工作極為沉悶。

memorise( vt ) 記住，背熟 memorise a poem 背熟一首詩

bear [have, keep] in memory 記著, 沒有忘記beyond [within] the memory of man [men] 在有史以前[來] bring back [call] to memory 使想起 come to one's memory 想起, 清醒過來 in memory of 紀(jì)念...

memorial n.(=monument)紀(jì)念物； 紀(jì)念碑；紀(jì)念儀式;歷史記載 adj.記憶的; 紀(jì)念的; 追悼的

memorials of a past age一個昔日的歷史記錄

The Monument(Memorial) to the People’s Heroes人民英雄紀(jì)念碑

dictation ( n )口述；聽寫 [U] The pupils wrote at their teacher’s dictation.學(xué)生按照老師的口述寫下來。

命令[U] She was tired of her husband’s dictation.她對丈夫的發(fā)號施令感到厭煩。

correction( n.)訂正，修改；校正[U][C] Look carefully at the corrections which I have written in your essay. 請仔細(xì)看一下我對你文章修改過的地方。

懲治，懲罰[U]；教養(yǎng)[PL]The prisoner was sent to a labour camp for correction.囚犯被送往勞工營改過自新。

5. stick n. 枯枝，棍，手杖 a walking stick 一根拐杖 條狀物： a stick of chalk 一支粉筆

v. (stuck, stuck, sticking)

①（常與in, into, through連用）（把尖 物）插入，刺入，戳入

to stick a fork into a potato用叉子叉上馬鈴薯　I stuck a needle into the cloth.我把一根針扎進(jìn)布里。

②（與in, into, on連用）粘住；貼住　　I stuck a stamp on the letter.我把一張郵票貼在信上。

③附著；固著The wheels of the car stuck in the mud and we could not go on.車輪陷入泥里，我們不能前進(jìn)了。

④放，置　　　Stick the chair in the corner.將椅子置于墻角。

⑤（與at連用）繼續(xù)努力做 If you want to play an instrument well, you’ve got to stick at it.

如果你想練好一種樂器，你必須持之以恒。

此外還有：

伸出，突出 stick out one’s arm伸出手臂 stick out above the water突出水面

使停止，阻塞 be stuck in/by…被困… 容忍，忍受 I can’t stick it any more.我再也忍受不了了。

堅持，堅守 stick to stick to a post 堅守崗位 stick to one’s word 遵守諾言

acquire vt. 學(xué)到（知識等）；獲得acquisition n. ( CN) 獲得或購得之物；（UN）獲得

①She acquired an American accent while living in New York.她住在紐約時學(xué)會了一口美國音。

instruct vt. 1.) 指示,命令,吩咐=order

He instructed me to deliver it to a customer. 他吩咐我把東西送去給顧客。

The judge instructed the witness that he should tell the whole truth.法官命令見證人講實話。2.) 教授;訓(xùn)練;指導(dǎo)[(+in)] =teach　　My job is to instruct her in English. 我的工作是教她英語。 3.) 通知,告知

My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150. 我的代理人告訴我你還欠我一百五十美元。

instruct sb in sth 教導(dǎo)某人某事instruct sb to do sth 命令某人干某事follow the instructions 遵從指示

instruction n.用法說明，指示， 命令，（計算機(jī)）指令 adj. an instruction book說明書

instructional adj. 教學(xué)的，教育的 ～ materials教材

instructive adj. 富有教益的，增長知識的　　instructor n. 教練，導(dǎo)師

receive /follow the instruction(s)接受指導(dǎo)give sb instructions to do命令/吩咐某人做。

9. anxious adj. 1.) 焦慮的,掛念的[(+about/at/for)] I'm anxious about her safety. 我對她的安全擔(dān)心。 He was anxious for the safety of his family. 他擔(dān)心家人的安全。 2.) 令人焦慮的 The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us. 鬧水災(zāi)的那一星期是使我們大家都焦慮不安的日子。 3.) 渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v][+that] We\'re anxious for your safe return. 我們盼望你平安歸來。 We were anxious that there be no misunderstanding. 我們極愿沒有誤解。 I could see that she was anxious for Laura to go. 我看得出她巴望勞拉去。 I\'m really anxious to see him. 我急于見他。 10. secure adj. 1.) 安全的,無危險的[(+from/against)] Now my house is secure against burglary. 現(xiàn)在我的房子無被盜竊之危險。 2.) 安心的,無憂慮的 You have made me feel secure. 你使我覺得放心。 3.) 有把握的,確定無疑的 Our success is secure. 我們的成功是有把握的。

11. academic adj. 學(xué)院的, 理論的；學(xué)術(shù)的

Eg：academic year學(xué)年 academic rank學(xué)銜academic degree 學(xué)位

n.(C) 大學(xué)教師, 大學(xué)生; 學(xué)會會員; 學(xué)究式人物

academy n.(C) -mies學(xué)會the Royal Academy皇家學(xué)會;學(xué)院；高等專科學(xué)校

an academy of music音樂學(xué)院

university n(C) （綜合）大學(xué) Oxford University牛津大學(xué)

college n(C) （綜合大學(xué)中的）學(xué)院,獨立的）學(xué)院,高等專科學(xué)校

a college of agriculture農(nóng)學(xué)院 evening college夜大學(xué)

institute n(C)學(xué)院; (大專)學(xué)校;

12.. adopt ( vt. ) Adopted (adj ) adoption (n.)1.) 采取;采納;吸收 adopt a new technique/ method/ideaAfter much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.

總經(jīng)理再三考慮之后,決定采納她的建議。

Circumstances will force us finally to adopt this policy.情況最終會迫使我們采用這項政策。

2.) 過繼,收養(yǎng)[(+as)] Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生將那孤兒收養(yǎng)為自己的兒子。

3.) 正式通過,接受 The agenda was adopted after some discussion. 經(jīng)過討論,議事日程獲得通過。

adopted adj. 收養(yǎng)的, 移居的 their adopted son他們的養(yǎng)子

adoption n. 收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)； 采用；推選

put sb. up for adoption 提出讓人收養(yǎng)某人 the adoption of new technology新技術(shù)的采用

adoptive adj. 收養(yǎng)的，有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的

13. operation n 操作;【醫(yī)】手術(shù);運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

be in operation在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中; 在行動中; 在實施中; 在生效中

come into operation開始工作[運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)];生效　go into operation開始工作[運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)];生效

perform an operation on sb. for a disease因某種病給某人動手術(shù)

14. Broaden vi 變寬，變闊；擴(kuò)大 One’s views broaden at college. 一個人的見解在大學(xué)時代變得開闊起來。

Vt 使寬，使闊；使擴(kuò)大 This narrow highway should be broadened. 這條狹窄的公路應(yīng)該加寬。

15. broaden: vi. / vt. =(to cause to) become broad or broader 使擴(kuò)大, 使寬闊

=to increase your knowledge, experience, etc 增長（知識、經(jīng)驗等）

eg. broaden one’s horizons 打開眼界，拓寬視野

Travel broadens the mind. 旅行使人開闊心胸(眼界)。

The river broadens (out) at this point. 這條河到這里開始變寬。

Her smile broadened. 她笑得更加燦爛了。

“adj./n. +en→v.”使變得…

類似詞語： deepen, thicken, sweeten, straighten, quicken, brighten， darken, soften, harden, widen, shorten, sharpen, lengthen, strengthen

16. appropriate adj. =correct or suitable適當(dāng)?shù)模?合適的 常和for, to 連用。

Vt. =to set aside for some purpose撥出（款項）,盜用，挪用

eg. He made a speech appropriate to the occasion. 她作了個適宜該場合的演講。

Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. 正式聚會上穿牛仔褲是不合適的。

Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.

現(xiàn)在既已找出問題的癥結(jié)，即可采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆印?/p>

inappropriate opp.不適合的appropriateness n.appropriately adv.

詞組短語：

1. come across 偶然遇見

2. more than 不止是，遠(yuǎn)超過

3. most puzzling of all 最令人疑惑的是…

4. make sense of 弄懂…的意思 make/sense/no sense

in a sense=in a way在某種意義上 the sixth sense

a sense of… ……感，……覺

a sense of humo(u)r 幽默感 a sense of duty/responsibility 責(zé)任感

a sense of harmony和諧感 a sense of justice正義感

a sense of wellbeing 幸福感 a sense of touch 觸覺

a sense of hearing聽覺 a sense of sight視覺

a sense of smell 嗅覺 a sense of taste 味覺

a sense of beauty審美感 a sense of hunger饑餓感

a sense of time 時間觀 a sense of achievement成就感

5. distinguish from 與…辨別

6. make progress 前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步

progress n.前進(jìn), 進(jìn)行, 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步, 上進(jìn); 發(fā)展; 改進(jìn); 【生】發(fā)育, 進(jìn)化

eg The building of the house is in progress .房子在建造中。

vi.前進(jìn), 進(jìn)行, 進(jìn)步; 進(jìn)展; 發(fā)達(dá), 發(fā)展

eg The work is progressing steadily.工作正在扎實地進(jìn)行。

相關(guān)短語： in progress在進(jìn)行中, 在舉行 make progress in在...方面取得進(jìn)步[進(jìn)展]

make progress towards朝著...(目標(biāo))前進(jìn)make progress with把...向前推進(jìn); 在...(方面)取得進(jìn)展, 進(jìn)行

7. equip with 備有…, 以…裝備

1) equip vt. =to provide oneself, or another with what is necessary for doing sth. / to make able /fit/prepared “裝備，配備” 常與with 或for 連用。

eg. The reading-room is not equipped with air-conditioning. 閱覽室里沒有裝空調(diào)。

Your education will equip you for your future life. 你所受到的教育將使你具備未來生活的能力。

注：equip 賓語必須是被裝備的對象而非裝備物。

equipment n. U裝備，設(shè)備，設(shè)備，器材 n. [C] 可表示各種設(shè)備

注：一件設(shè)備 a piece of equipment 兩件設(shè)備 two pieces of equipment

equipment 偶爾有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不可說two / several / some equipments。

類似短語：be furnished with be supplied with be provided with be fitted with be burdened with be loaded with be crowded / packed with be covered with be filled with

8. adjust oneself to 使自己適應(yīng)…

adjust sth adjust sth to adjust (oneself / itself) to be adjusted

同義詞：adapt oneself to 使自己適應(yīng)…… adapt sth. for a particular use 使某物適合某一特殊用途

9. regardless of 不顧；不管 10. take place 發(fā)生 11. as a consequence 結(jié)果

12. in other words 換句話說，換言之

in a/one word 總而言之;總共=in all/in total in word and in deed在言語上和行動上

word for word=word by word 逐字地 have a word with sb. have words with sb.

13. an awful lot of 非常多，極多14. in a few years’ time 在幾年之后15. in the progress 在過程中

16. have something in common 有一些共同點 17. take chances 冒險一試，碰運(yùn)氣18. deal with 處理

19. put something to use 使用、利用

put…to good use =make good/full use 充分使用/有效利用

類似短語：come into use 開始使用 make (good/full) use of好好/充分利用

have no use for不需要，用不著 in use 在使用中

go out of use 停止使用 for the use of為……專用

It’s no use doing…/There’s no use doing…沒用處，無益處

be (of) (no) use to…對某人（沒）有用 use sth up 用完

use your head/loaf(BrE.) 你動動腦子，你仔細(xì)想想

be used to do sth. be / get / become used to n./ doing sth be used for n./doing sth. be used as…

20. take risk / a risk 冒險 20. contribute to 有益、有助于 221. experiment with 進(jìn)行實驗

23. a series of 一系列 24. piles of 一大堆、一大團(tuán) 25. put an end to 結(jié)束

26. knock down撞倒; pull down/tear down knock into sb.撞上;run into/come across

knock…out of…從..中敲出來; knock against 撞到…上;

knock at/on敲… knock over打倒;打翻 knock about漫游,漂泊,閑逛

27. all of a sudden 突然間 28. stay in touch 保持聯(lián)絡(luò)

29. fall behind 落后fall down跌倒；失敗fall back 后退，撤退fall off （從。。）掉下

fall over 跌倒 fall into 陷入

30. be concerned about/for sth/ sb = be worried about sth/sb 擔(dān)憂

be concerned with sth/sb.關(guān)心;和..有關(guān);對。。感興趣 be concerned in sth.參與。。，從事

31. take an active part (in) 積極參與 32. broaden one’s horizon 開闊眼界

33. depend on 依靠、依賴 34. be involved in 參與

35. make way for 給… 讓路 36. due to 由于、歸功于

37. in accordance with 依照、根據(jù) 38. fill up 填滿、塞滿

39. make changes to sth. 對…作出改變