狀 語 從 句
一、基本概念
定義：在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個(gè)句子。狀語從句通常由一個(gè)連詞引起，也可以由一個(gè)起連詞作用的詞組引起，有時(shí)甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來。狀語從句一般分為九大類（見下表）：
狀
語
從
句 類 別
時(shí)間
狀語
從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 原因狀語從句 目的狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句 條件狀語從句 方式狀語從句 比較狀語從句 讓步狀語從句
1．時(shí)間狀語從句：
在時(shí)間狀語從句中，要注意時(shí)態(tài)一致，一般情況下主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主從句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系，又可分類如下：
(1) 表示同時(shí)性， 即主從句的謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。其連詞有：when （當(dāng)……的時(shí)候）, while（當(dāng)……的時(shí)候）, as（當(dāng)……的時(shí)候）, as soon as（一……就……）, once（一旦……）等。如：
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有對比的意思）
我洗地板的時(shí)候，你可以擦窗戶。
As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.
我回家的時(shí)候遇到了我的一位老同學(xué)。
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him. 我一有他的答復(fù)就給你打電話。
Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦見過他，就不會忘了他的。
(2) 表示先時(shí)或后時(shí)，即主句的謂語動作發(fā)生在從句之前或之后，主要連詞有：after （在……后）, before （在……之前）, when (=after)等。如：
After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前，所以從句用了過去完成時(shí)） 孩子睡覺了以后她開始備課。
He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前，所以主句用了過去完成時(shí)） 他去倫敦之前已學(xué)了三年英語。
It was not long before I forgot it all. (It is / was / will be …before…是常用句型)
He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和從句的動作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，時(shí)態(tài)一致）
我還沒來得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在漢語中的譯義)
(3) 表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性，即從句描述的不是一次性動作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動作。主要連詞有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每當(dāng)）等。例如：
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每當(dāng)我們遇上困難的時(shí)候，他們就來幫我們。
Each time he came to town he would visit our school.
他每次進(jìn)城，總要來看看我們的學(xué)校。
Every time I went to his house, he was out. 我每次去他家，他都出去了。
（4）表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性，主要連詞有：since（自從）, ever since（自從）, until（直到……才/為止）, till（直到……才/為止）等。如：
It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was… since…是常用句型）
我們到這兒剛剛一星期。 (主句的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)間較短，不能用ever since)
You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用來表示說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)間長） 自從James走后你一直在給我朗讀。
The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since. ( ever since可以放在句末， since則不能)
這只一向日夜不停打點(diǎn)報(bào)時(shí)的大鐘在戰(zhàn)爭中損壞了，從此就一直不響了。
My uncle went to Tibet in 1951. He has been living there ever since.
我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，從那以后他一直生活在那里。
Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.
事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上發(fā)生了意外。
I knew nothing about it until / till he told me. (但Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. “till”不位于句首。)他告訴我了我才知道。
2．地點(diǎn)狀語從句
地點(diǎn)狀語從句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（無論哪里）引導(dǎo)的：
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet. 武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
You’d better make a mark where you have a question.
(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語從句) 哪兒有問題，你最好在哪兒做個(gè)記號。
He would keep in touch with us wherever he was .
他無論在什么地方，總是與我們保持聯(lián)系。
3．原因狀語從句
表示原因的狀語從句可以由as（由于）, because(因?yàn)?, since（既然）, now (that) （既然）, considering that（顧及到）, seeing that（由于）等連詞引導(dǎo)：
I do it because I like it. 因?yàn)槲蚁矚g我才干。(because不能與 so連用)
He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.
他不可能見過我，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我不在那兒。
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
由于好些人都沒到會，我們決定延期開會。
Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.
既然大家都來了，咱們就設(shè)法做出一個(gè)決定吧。
As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party. 由于病了，她沒來參加晚會。
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做，他們干得算很不錯(cuò)的了。
4．目的狀語從句
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（為了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（萬一）等，從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
早點(diǎn)兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們在暴風(fēng)雨到來之前回家。
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
他把名字寫下省得忘了。（該從句中一般用情態(tài)動詞should+動詞原形，或省略should）
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會冷。
5．結(jié)果狀語從句
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that, so that（從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞）, so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。
What has happened that you all look so excited?
發(fā)生了什么事，使你們都顯得如此興奮？
He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.
他沒把時(shí)間計(jì)劃好，結(jié)果沒按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我們走得匆忙，把門都忘了鎖了。（such是形容詞，后接名詞）
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒有。（so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞）
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that…. Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。
但是，當(dāng)名詞前有many, much, few, little(少)修飾時(shí)，要用so,不能用such。例如：
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊，紫一塊。
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。
I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.
我當(dāng)時(shí)囊腫羞澀，連一份小小禮物都買不起。
6．條件狀語從句
表示條件的狀語從句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（萬一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（條件是……）, suppose（假設(shè)）, supposing（假設(shè)）（僅用在問句中）等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
萬一你有什么困難，請給我們一個(gè)信兒。
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.
如果你明早6點(diǎn)鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個(gè)房間。
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA. 據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)DNA專家。
He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.
他會接受這項(xiàng)工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?
假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們怎么辦？
7．方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句常由as（與……一樣）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等詞引導(dǎo)：
Do in Rome as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
Leave things as they are.讓一切順其自然。
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
她站在門口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的從句中可用虛擬語氣）
8．比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句常由than（比）, as（與……一樣）等詞引導(dǎo)：
It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing. 上海下的雨比北京的多。
Our country is as big as the whole of Europe. 我們的國家同整個(gè)歐洲一樣大。
The result was not as/so good as I had expected. 結(jié)果不如我預(yù)料的那么好。
The busier he is, the happier he feels. （常見句型）他越忙越開心。
9．讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句由although（盡管）, though（盡管）, however（無論怎樣）, whatever（無論什么）, whoever（無論誰）, whomever（無論誰）, whichever（無論哪個(gè)）, whenever（無論何時(shí)）, wherever（無論哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) （無論……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等詞引導(dǎo)。如：
We won’t be discouraged even if (=even though) we fail ten times.
我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。
It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.
那是一場精彩的球賽，盡管一個(gè)球都沒進(jìn)。(though, although不能與 but連用)
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，這是真的。
However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.
無論它有多貴，我也要買下它。
Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are. 不管他們是誰，別讓他們進(jìn)來。
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.
無論我說什么或怎么說，他總認(rèn)為是我錯(cuò)。
連詞as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但從句中要用特殊語序。如：
Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….
他雖然年輕，但懂得很多。
(though 也有這種用法，可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法)
though還可以用作副詞，放在句末。如：
It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.
那工作很苦，但是我喜歡干。
二、狀語從句疑難點(diǎn)
1．a(chǎn)s, when, while的區(qū)別
as, when, while都表示主、從句的動作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生，但三者意義不盡相同。as和when引導(dǎo)的從句既可表示一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，也可表示一段時(shí)間，從句中的謂語動詞既可以是持續(xù)性動詞，也可以為短暫性動詞，經(jīng)�？梢曰Q使用；while引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示一段時(shí)間，從句中宜用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。當(dāng)從句中的謂語動詞為持續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，這三者可以通用（前面例句中已有體現(xiàn)），再如：
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as / when / while father was away in France. 媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾“愃疾×�，特別是當(dāng)父親遠(yuǎn)在法國的時(shí)候。
如果從句和主句要表示一個(gè)人的兩個(gè)動作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)完成時(shí)，則多用as，可譯為“一邊......，一邊......”。例如：
He looked behind from to time as he went. 他一邊走，一邊不時(shí)地往后看。
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..
隨著時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。
I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.
你一張嘴我就知道你要說什么。（若表示兩個(gè)短促動作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用as的場合多于when.）
當(dāng)主從句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時(shí)，多用while, 不用as或when。如：
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 她以為我在談?wù)撍畠海聦?shí)上，我在談?wù)撐业呐畠骸?/p>
如果表示從句的動作在主句的動作“之前”或“之后”發(fā)生時(shí)，多用when（=after）, 不用as或 while。此外，when還含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while來替換。例如：
He was about to leave when the telephone rang. 他正要離開，忽然電話鈴響了。
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out. 我們正在看電視，突然燈滅了。
They had just arrived home when it began to rain. 他們剛到家，天就開始下雨了。
2．until與till及 not…until / till的用法
（1）until和till都可表示“直到．．．．．．為止”，與持續(xù)性動詞的肯定式連用。如：
He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我們吃完飯。
（2）當(dāng)until和till表示“直到．．．．．．才．．．．．．”時(shí)，通常與短暫動詞的否定式連用，這時(shí)，until和till也可用before代替。如：
I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回來，我才離開的。
(3) be動詞的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till連用。
(4) until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。如：
Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. 他告訴我了我才知道。
當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序：
Not until she came back did I leave.
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般用until，不用till。如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
( It is /was … that…是常見的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu) )直到這位大明星摘下墨鏡，我才認(rèn)出她。
3．有時(shí)，the time（當(dāng)……的時(shí)刻）, the moment（當(dāng)……的時(shí)刻）, by the time（到……
時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗? next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的時(shí)候), the last time(上次……的 時(shí)候)，immediately（一……就……）, instantly（一……就……）, directly（一……就……）等詞或詞組以及hardly /scarcely…when…（剛……就……）, no sooner…than…（剛…… 就……）等關(guān)聯(lián)詞也可引導(dǎo)表示時(shí)間的狀語從句。例如：
Be sure to call on us next time you come to town. 下次你進(jìn)城一定來看我們。
By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. (by意為“到．．．．．．為止”，引起的從句中為一般過去時(shí)，主句中用過去完成時(shí))
愛因斯坦到十四歲時(shí)就自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。
She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.
她一聽到這聲音，就沖進(jìn)房間。
He left me a good impression the first time I met him.
我第一次見他時(shí)，他給我留下了好印象。
He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達(dá)那里就生起病來。
He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.
他還沒全說完，就有人起來反駁他的論點(diǎn)。
She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
她剛要睡著，忽然敲門的聲音把她驚醒。
當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于引起的句子的開頭時(shí)，常用倒裝語序。上面的例句可以依次改寫成：
No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.
Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
值得一提的是，這三組關(guān)聯(lián)詞引起的句子中，前面常用過去完成時(shí)，后面用一般過去時(shí)。
4．if和unless的用法
一般情況下，unless相當(dāng)于if…not，可以互換。如：
I won’t let you in unless you show me your pass = I won’t let you in if you don’t show me your pass. 如果你不出示通行證，我就不讓你進(jìn)來。
但是，在下列情況下，兩者是有區(qū)別的。（1）unless引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句，if…not可以引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句或非真實(shí)條件句。（2）unless從句中有否定詞時(shí)，不能換成if…not結(jié)構(gòu)。（3）如果主句描述的是情感或情緒活動方面的內(nèi)容，if…not結(jié)構(gòu)不能換成unless。如：I’ll be quite glad if she doesn’t come this evening.(她今晚如果不來我很高興。)（4）unless表示唯一條件，不能用and連接重復(fù)使用，if…not則可以。
5．because, since, as, for的區(qū)別
（1）在這四個(gè)連詞中，because語氣最強(qiáng)，它引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)的是未知的新信息，也是該主從復(fù)合句中的焦點(diǎn)，一般都置于主句之后（也可以放在主句之前，用逗號隔開）。在回答”why”引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)，一般只能用because；在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)”It is/was …that …”中，也只能用because。此外，在關(guān)聯(lián)詞“not …but …”結(jié)構(gòu)中，也用because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。例如：
It’s because he helped you that I’m prepared to help him.正是因?yàn)樗麕椭^你，所以我樂意去幫助他。
- Why didn’t you phone me last night?你昨天夜里為什么沒給我打電話？
- Because I didn’t want to disturb you.因?yàn)槲也幌朐谝估锎驍_你。
He decided to give up the chance of going aboard, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill.他決定放棄出國的機(jī)會，不是因?yàn)樗幌肴�，而是因�(yàn)樗拮硬×恕?/p>
（2）since和as語氣不如because強(qiáng)，as的語氣最弱。他們引導(dǎo)的從句大多置于句首，有時(shí)放在主句之后（as從句在復(fù)合句中的位置更為靈活），表達(dá)的往往是已知信息，即所指的原因是人們已知的客觀事實(shí)，所以，復(fù)合句的重心在主句，不在從句。例如：
Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.
因?yàn)槟銢]有駕駛執(zhí)照，所以不允許你開車。
As he was not well enough, I had to go without him.
由于他身體欠佳，我只好不帶他去了。
（3）for的語氣不及because, since, as強(qiáng)，為并列連詞，引導(dǎo)的分句常放在主句之后，從句前通常用逗號，表示說話者為所做的推斷和預(yù)測提供理由，或?qū)η耙环志溥M(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和解釋。如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.(for分句表示說話者推斷“昨晚天下雨”的理由。此時(shí)，because不能替代for，因?yàn)榈貪癫皇窃斐上掠甑闹苯釉�。原句可改為：The ground is wet, for / because it rained last night.)
6.so that, so…that, such…that
so that “以便”、“結(jié)果”表目的和結(jié)果。注意：在從句中有情態(tài)動詞表目的。無情態(tài)動詞表結(jié)果。
so…that “如此的…以致于”表結(jié)果。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見于：
1.so+形／副＋that
2.so+形＋a(an)＋單數(shù)名詞＋that
3.so＋many/much＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞（不可數(shù)名詞）+that
such…that “如此的…以致于”表結(jié)果。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見于：
1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名詞＋that 2.such＋形＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞／不可數(shù)名詞＋that
7.though, although, as,
though, although在句首表“盡管”兩者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。
下列情況只能用though：
▲ as though (=as if); even if (=even though) ▲ 在句末表示“然而”
as表示“盡管”，從句的表語、狀語等成分要倒裝。
8.whatever, however, wherever, whenever
它們是what, how, where, when的強(qiáng)勢語氣。分別等于：
no matter what, no matter how, no matter where, no matter when
9．有些表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步等的狀語從句中，如果謂語含有動詞be，主語又和主句中的主語一致，或者主語是it，常把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（特別是動詞be）省略掉。例如：
Look out for cars when crossing the street (= when you are crossing …).
過街時(shí)當(dāng)心車輛。
She hurriedly left the room as though /if angry (= as though/if she was /were angry…).
她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生氣的樣子。
If possible, I’d like to have two copies if it (= if it is possible,…).
可能的話，我想要兩本。
She advised me not to say anything unless asked (= unless I was asked ).
她勸我別說什么，除非有人要我說。
As a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer(= As/ When he was a young man,…).他年輕時(shí)就學(xué)了法律，并當(dāng)了律師。
高考與狀語從句
狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，修飾主句中的謂語動詞、副詞、形容詞或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)句子的含義，它可表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、行為方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句通常由一個(gè)連詞引起，有時(shí)由一個(gè)起連詞作用的詞組引起。狀語從句是中學(xué)的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目，也是高考常考的語法項(xiàng)目之一。除1996年外，每年至少有一題考查狀語從句，1998年達(dá)到了4個(gè), 1999年6個(gè), 2000年普通高等學(xué)校春季招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京、安徽卷）中2個(gè)。命題熱點(diǎn)集中在⑴引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞，⑵狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，⑶與其它從句、句型結(jié)合起來考查。
現(xiàn)將1990～2000高考中考查狀語從句的部分試題進(jìn)行分類，供同學(xué)們研究學(xué)習(xí)。
一、考查選用正確的連接詞
1. ____the day went on, the weather got worse. (MET90)
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
2. - What was the party like?
- Wonderful. It's years ___ I enjoyed myself so much. (MET93)
A. after B. before C. when D. since
3. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ___ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if (NMET94)
4. Why do you want a new job ____ you got such a good one already? (NMET98)
A. that B. where C. which D. when
5. After the war, a new school building was put up ____there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when (NMET97)
6. You will be late ____you leave immediately. (NMET92)
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
7. _____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. (NMET97)
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
8. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is. (NMET95)
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
9. We won't give up ____ we should fail ten times. (93年上海 高考題)
A. even if B. since C. whether D. until
10. She doesn't speak ____her friend, but her written work is excellent. (NMET93)
A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as
11. ... She rubs her teeth with her finger 47 she wants to brush her teeth. ...
A. when B. until C. since D. while (NMET95完型)
12. ... He even 36 lost his job as a postman 37 he sent off all the letters when he shoud
have taken them to people's house. ... (NMET 98 完型填空)
A. even if B. so that C. because D. though
13. - I'm going to the post office.
- You're there, can you get me some stamps? (NMET 99)
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
14. ____ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.(NMET 99)
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
15. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again. (NMET 99)
A. When B. where C. then D. there
16." 32 we must have these noisy trucks on the roads," said Jean Lacrey, a biology student,
"why don't they built a new road that goes through the town?..." (NMET99完形填空)
A. If B. Although C. When D. Unless
17. "Most of them don't live here anyway," he said," they come in for meetings and that , and
the Town Hall is soundproof(隔音),41 they probably don't notice the noise all that much.
It's high time they realized the problem." (NMET 99完形填空)
A. but B. so C. or D. for
18. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ________ for the first time
in years their team won the World Cup.
[2000年普通高等學(xué)校春季招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京、安徽卷）]
A. that B. while C. which D. when
19. John may phone tonight. I don't want to go out ________ he phones.
[ 2000年普通高等學(xué)校春季招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京、安徽卷）]
A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that
考查熱點(diǎn)在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、比較、原因狀語從句的連詞上。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞常有：when, whenever, as, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till, until, hardly... when, no sooner...than, every time, the moment等。引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞常有：where, wherever。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞常有：if, unless, so(as)long as, in case 等。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞常有：although, though, as, even if(though),no matter (who, what, how, when, where), whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however等。引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞常有：than, as...as...等。 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞常有：because, as, since等。
要選擇正確的連詞，需要正確理解句子的含義，準(zhǔn)確判斷主從句的邏輯關(guān)系，同時(shí)還要注意區(qū)分詞義相近的連詞、介詞和副詞。
二、考查狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、語序
20.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ____. (NMET90)
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is arriving D. is going to arrive
21.The volleyball match will be put off if it ____. (NMET91)
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
22. - Can I join your club, Dad?
- You can when you ___ a bit older. (NMET94)
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have get
23. Remeber to send me a photo of your son next time you ____ to me. (NMET94)
A. write B. will write C. are writing D. would write
24. If city noises ____from increasing, people ____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20
years from now. (NMET92)
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
25. I need one more stamp before my collection ____. (NMET94)
A. has completed B. completes
C. has been completed D. is completed
在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中， 要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，同時(shí)要注意正確的語態(tài)。
26. As she ___the newspaper, Granny _____asleep. (NMET95)
A. read, was falling B. was reading, fell
C. was reading, was falling D. read, fell
as, when, while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句表過去的情況時(shí)， 如從句為延續(xù)性動詞，主句為短暫性動詞，那么主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
27. If it ____for the snow, we ____ the mountain yesterday. (NMET91)
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
28. - If he ____, he _____that food.
- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET93)
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
29. You didn't let me drive. If we ___in turn, you _____so tired. (NMET96)
A. drove; didn't get B. drove; would get
C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got
if引導(dǎo)的從句在非真實(shí)條件句中要用虛擬語氣。 與過去事實(shí)相反的，條件句中用過去完成時(shí)，主句中用would have done。
30. We'll have to finish the job, ____ (NMET99).
A. long it takes however. B. it takes however long.
C. long however it takes. D. however long it takes
三、與其它從句、句型結(jié)合起來考查
31. It worried her a bit ____her hair was turning grey. (NMET 92)
A. while B. that C. if D. for
32. ____ it with me and I'll see what I can do. (NMET 98)
A. when left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
33. ... Then the great day came 43 he was to march past the palace in the parade(接受檢閱
的隊(duì)伍). ... (NMET 98 完型填空)
A. where B. since C. when D. till
34. Not until I began to work ____how much time I had wasted. (NMET90)
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C.I didn't realize D. I realized
35. Not until all the fish died in the river ____how serious the pollution was. (NMET95)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize
not...until 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句如在句首， 主句的語序應(yīng)為部分倒裝。
36. It was not ___she took off her glasses ____I realized she was a famous star.(MET92)
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
37. It was not until 1920 ___ regular radio broadcasts began.(NMET95)
A. while B. which C. that D. since
這兩道題同時(shí)考查not...until 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的連詞that。
1--5 DDADB 6-10 ADCAA 11-15 ACBAB 16-20 ABDCB
21-25 BAAAD 26-30 BCBDB 31-35 BDCBA 36-37 BC