第四講Unit 3 Art and architecture

本單元重要語言知識點：

1. preference n. 偏愛, 比較喜歡

have a ~ for … 更喜歡

show ( give) ~ for … 偏愛

in preference to

prefer v.

prefer sth./ to do sth. / doing sth.

that sb. ( should) do sth.

sb. to do sth.

prefer to do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B

prefer (doing) A to (doing) B

preferable 更好一些(與 to 連用) A is ~ to B.

2. design v./n.

be designed to do / for sth. 打算做……用

have designs on ……對…..有企圖

by design(=on purpose)故意

The toy is designed for children above three.

They have designs on your money.

This machine is of bad design.

3. taste v. / n.

sense of taste

have a taste for music 愛好

a taste of success成功的體驗、經歷

taste a rich variety of foods.

taste the joys of freedom 領略自由的歡樂

This tea tastes sweet.(連系動詞，后接形容詞，不用被動)

This soup tastes of chicken.（taste of sth.嘗起來有……的味道）

tasty adj. a tasty meal

Tasting nice, the beef sells well.

4. convenient adj. 方便的；合適的；近而方便的（與to連用）be ~ to sp.

be convenient to/ for sb.

It is convenient for sb. to do sth.

When will it be convenient for you to go?

It is convenient to live close to your work.

Our house is ~ to the children’s school.

convenience n.

at one’s ( own) convenience 在方便時,

for the convenience of 為…… 方便起見

if it suits sb’s convenience 如果對某人方便a public convenience 公共廁所

5. stand = bear , put up with, tolerate忍受（常接n. / doing）

I won’t stand your treating the child like that.

I can’t stand being kept waiting.

經受=bear

I can’t stand the cold / your talking to me like that.

Their work will hardly stand closer examination.

The cloth stands washing.

處于某種狀態/境地（Link Verb）

How do things stand at the moment?

These hospitals stand ready for emergency cases.

The house has stood empty since the old man’s death.

6. under construction / discussion / consideration / repair

7. impress vt.

(sth. ) impress sb. (deeply)

(sb.)be impressed by/ at / with sth.

~ sth. on (upon) sb. = ~ sb. with sth. 使(某人)銘記

(sth.) be impressed on one’s memory

My father impressed on me the importance of work.

= My father impressed me with the importance of work

impression n.

What’s your impression of …….?

make/ leave / have an impression on sb.

have the impression that……

What’s your impression of this city?

The trip to Hainan left a deep impression on me.

I have the impression that he was once in prison.

8. act as = serve as; work as

act on/ upon 對……起作用

She acted as our guide .

He acted as chairman while I was away.

The medicine acted on my stomachache.

9. despite prep. = in spite of 不管; 即使

although / though + Clause

adj. / adv. / n as + 主語+謂語

Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.

=In spite of the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.

=Although the weather was bad, we enjoyed our holiday.

=Bad as the weather was, we enjoyed our holiday.

10. sail v. / n.

sail west = sail for the west

sail the ship駕駛船

sail the sky在空中飄浮過

sail the Pacific Ocean在太平洋上航行

set sail for…..啟程去某地

go sailing去航行

11. belong to屬于（不用進行時或被動語態）

Who does the dictionary belong to?

Where does the magazine belong?

China is a country belonging to the third world.

12. set aside money= put money aside存蓄錢

set aside time 留出時間

set aside sth.把……放一邊；對…..不予考慮

Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars of his salary.

Set aside for a moment your dislike of him.

13. rent

rent sth. from sb.

rent sth. to sb. for (money) 以……價錢租出去

pay the rent/ free of rent/ at a heavy( high) rent

for rent (Am)= to let (Br)

14. with the development of industry

develop an interest in

develop one’s body

develop the habit of

develop a film/ pictures/ photos

develop into…

develop from

developing country

developed country

15.be free to do sth.=do sth. freely

for free / free of charge

travel free

free of擺脫……的；無……的；沒有……；免交…….;離開

free from不受……影響/損害 ( pain / trouble / blame / anxiety)

in one’s free time

Everyone is free to express himself here.

Babies can travel free.

The boat was free of the harbour.

I like to live in a quiet place which is free of crowds and noise.

16. If I do / am……, I will……..陳述語氣

If I did / were……I would……虛擬語氣（表示現在的假設）

If I had done / had been….., I would have done ……..（表示對過去所做事情的假設）

If I did / were to / should….., I would do……（表示對將來所作事的假設）

If I were you (= Were I you ), I would take that job.

If she stayed at home alone now, she would feel unhappy.

If you hadn’t taken his advice ( Had you not taken his advice), you would have failed.

If it should / were to rain ( rained) tomorrow (=Should / Were it to rain), we would have to stay inside.

17. share sth. with sb.和某人合用某物

share sth. among / between sb.某物在某人間分享

share (in)sorrows as well as joys with sb.和某人同甘共苦

share the same interests and tastes with sb.和某人有同樣的興趣愛好

What’s my share of the expenses?

18. while

(1)當……時候What happened while I was away?

(2)而，卻 Some people waste food while others have not enough to eat.

(3)盡管，雖然；只要（放句首）

While we don’t agree with each other, we are still good friends.

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.

While there is life there is hope.

Proverbs:

Make hay while the sun shines.

We must strike while the iron is hot.

19. such as(=like)像…….的

放置于被修飾的名詞復數后面，不與and so on等連用

He can speak five languages, such as English, French and German.

He has many hobbies, such as playing table tennis, swimming and skating.

such / so…….as像……的那（些）（引導定語從句，as為關系代詞）

such/ so……that引導結果狀語從句

Don’t make such friends with people as are lazy.

Such a film as you described shouldn’t be shown.

She is not such a fool as she appears.

This is such a terrible film that it shouldn’t be shown.

20.It looks as if……(陳述語氣或虛擬語氣)

It looks as if it’s going to rain.

It looks as if she had seen a ghost.

The man treated the boy as if he were his own son.

21.A is to B what C is to D.

The engine is to the car what the heart is to the man.

22. remind sb. of sth.使某人想起……

remind sb. to do提醒某人做…….

remind sb. that…….

This picture reminded me of what we did together during our holidays.

He reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers.

23. of + n. (抽象或具體的名詞)

of the same color / of different sizes ( shapes)

of great value / importance / use / help to sb.=valuable / important / useful / helpful to sb.

The two are of the same age but are of different heights.

I find the book of great use to my research.(=useful)

Is there anything of importance in today’s paper?(=important)

Your advice is of no value to me.(=not valuable)

本單元重點與難點：過去分詞作賓補以及with的復合結構

24. 過去分詞作賓補：

第一類動詞：感官動詞

see / look at / observe / notice / watch / feel / listen to / hear sth. done ( being done)

I once heard the song sung in German.

She felt her shoulder touched.

The old man was watched hit by a yellow car.

We stood there seeing the flag being raised.

第二類動詞：使役動詞

have / get / make / let / keep / leave sth. done

Please keep me informed of the latest news.

John had his wallet stolen in the bus.

Please speak slowly and clearly to make yourself understood.

第三類動詞：要求、希望、建議、命令類動詞

want / ask / expect / allow / permit / forbid / advise / order / wish / require / request sth. (to be ) done

I don’t want my daughter (to be ) taken out after dark.

25.with+ Object + Object Complement ( doing / done / to do / to be done / adj. / adv. /prep )

He likes sleeping with the light on.

The little girl cried with the glass broken.

The boy went out of the room with a stick in his hand.

With all the problems settled, he felt relaxed.

With so many people to help us, we are sure to succeed.

With the exam to be held tomorrow, you’d better not watch TV tonight.

鞏固練習：

1. _____, he came to the meeting.

A. In spite of his illness B. As he was ill

C. Despite he was ill D. Being ill

2. --- __________.

--- Do you mean I can study the subjects I like? That’s great!

A. You are free to choose your own course

B. To choose your own course is free

C. You are free with your time

D. You can choose the free course

3. ___ the house carefully and then decide ____ to buy it or not.

A. To view, whether B. View, whether C. Viewing, if D. Viewed, if

4. Travel and lectures ____ my time. I had no time to spend with my family.

A. filled up B. filled up with C. were filled up D. were filled up with

5. To Lu Xun, his pen is ____.

A. that a gun is to a soldier B. that a gun to a soldier

C. what a gun is to a soldier D. what a gun to a soldier

6. His wife came down the stairs, _____ in her arms.

A. held their year-old son B. to hold their year-old son

C. with their year-old son holding D. with their year-old son

7. The book ______ on this subject was written by a very young writer.

A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to

8. At present, the fact that some people waste food ____ others haven’t enough really upsets us.

A. while B. when C. as D. and

9. Is this the radio you would like ____?

A. to have it repaired B. to have repaired

C. to have it repair D. have it repaired

10. The woman kept her eyes _____ on her baby for quite some time before she got up and left the room.

A. to fix B. fixed C. fixing D. being fixed

11. When he got home, he found his pocket ____ open and his wallet ____.

A. cut, stealing B. cut, stolen C. cutting, stealing D. cutting, stolen

12. --- We will go swimming after school. Will you ____ us?

--- The idea sounds ____.

A. come with; invited B. take part in; inviting

C. join; inviting D. attend; invited

13. ______ my sister _____. She is an excellent singer, yet she can’t dance at all.

A. Take; for example B. To take; as an example

C. Take; for an example D. To take; for example

14. You’d better _____ some money for special use.

A. pick up B. set aside C. put off D. give away

15. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he was going in the right direction.

A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see

16.The ______ lines and modern shapes make the car _____ warm and friendly.

A. flowed; looked B. flowing; looked C. flowed; look D. flowing; look

17. The film _____ me of the days ____ we spent in the small village.

A. remembered; when B. reminded; that C. remembered; which D. reminded; when

18. You can ____ a car for a holiday if you can’t afford to buy ____.

A. hire; it B. rent; that C. employ; one D. hire; one

19. The man earned a lot of money by printing ____ of famous writers.

A. a work B. work C. the work D. works

20. The judges were _____ with the girl’s splendid performance.

A. inspired B. impressed C. interested D. excited

21. He wanted his house ____ in a way ____ natural.

A. to build; to look B. build; looking C. built; to look D. being built; looks

22. If I ____ you, I ____ some trees around the house.

A. was; planted B. am; will plant C. were; would plant D. were; would have planted

23. His speech is _____ and we’re all _____.

A. inspiring; inspiring B. inspiring; inspired C. inspired; inspired D. inspired; inspiring

24. This dictionary ____ me.

A. belong to B. belongs to C. is belonging to D. is belonged to

25. Anyone who ____ laws will be punished.

A. go against B. goes against C. go for D. goes for

26. I found them _____ at the back of the theatre.

A. seat B. to seat C. seating D. seated

27. ____ in thought, he almost ran into a tree.

A. Losing B. Lost C. Lose D. To lose

28. The last man _____ the sinking ship was the captain.

A. left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. leaves

29. Weather _____, we will start at six this afternoon.

A. permits B. to permit C. permitting D. permitted

30. --- Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?

--- _____.

A. I’d rather you didn’t, actually.

B. Of course not, it is not allowed here.

C. Great! I love pets.

D. No, you can’t.

31. Who is the man with his hands ____ behind?

A. tie B. tied C. tying D. be tied

32. Don’t you think your composition wants ____?

A. rewritten B. to rewrite C. rewriting D. being rewritten

33. Don’t scold him, please. He didn’t do it ____ design.`

A. by B. at C. in D. on

34. It was raining hard, but we got there on time _____.

A. the same B. at the same time C. all the same D. same

35. I’d rather you ______ the coming exam.

A. pass B. passed C. to pass D. passing

Keys: AABAC DCABB BCABD DBDDB CCBBB DBCCA BCACB