非謂語動(dòng)詞
與英語的時(shí)態(tài)一樣，非謂語動(dòng)詞也是中文無而英語有的語法項(xiàng)目，因此歷年考試時(shí)是必考的一項(xiàng)。回顧歷年的情況，更多的時(shí)候，命題者將基本要領(lǐng)與實(shí)用向結(jié)合，極少有偏怪現(xiàn)象（指超越高三學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)與使用范圍）。對(duì)于廣大備考的學(xué)生而言，做對(duì)常見題非常重要而且實(shí)用。之所以重要，是因?yàn)槊磕瓯乜迹x擇填空題肯定出現(xiàn)，短文改錯(cuò)題也時(shí)而考到；之所以實(shí)用，是在每年的短文寫作中考生肯定能夠用上。若用得好用得巧，能為短文增色，從而為得到較高分?jǐn)?shù)奠定基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)生要想熟練并且正確使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，明白概念固然重要，但是最重要的是使用，方法有三：其一，多做中等難度的常見題；其二，在書面表達(dá)練習(xí)中有意識(shí)的使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，同時(shí)與同學(xué)相互切磋或請(qǐng)行家里手為你斧正；其三，在每天的閱讀文章中選取一篇作為準(zhǔn)精讀文章，其中一項(xiàng)就是學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)并且體會(huì)文章中非謂語動(dòng)詞的精妙處。對(duì)于第三點(diǎn)，有的同學(xué)會(huì)感到有些抽象，不知道如何發(fā)怎樣體會(huì)，其實(shí)我們的課文中就有不少句子寫的很好。高三《吳哥窟》的倒數(shù)第二段中有這樣一句，To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work.在這個(gè)29詞的長句里現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式的使用非常好.再比如書后面的完形填空中第四段On hearing this, Marlin got angry and shouted…上句中的on hearing若沒有on，只是一個(gè)分詞短語句子也正確。加上on后生動(dòng)形象，要比as soon as后跟狀語從句好。
偏難題：
---- such heavy pollution, it might be a bit late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffered
C. To suffer D. Being suffered
答案A
送分題：
1． _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. When compared D. Comparing
答案C.
2．-- by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting B. Attracted
C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
答案 B,
應(yīng)會(huì)題：
1． You were silly not ____ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked
C. locking D. having locked
答案B，不定式的完成式，非常重要，屬易錯(cuò)題
2. I don’t know whether you happen ____, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing
C. to hear D. to have heard
答案D，與上題同屬一個(gè)概念。
3. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. told D. telling
答案B，應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)，系常用概念。
4．Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ____ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
答案D, 常見句型。
5．The old man,____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. to have worked
C. working D. having worked
答案D, 常見易混。
6．____ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not having completed
C. Not completed D. Having not completed
答案B，常見易混。
7．Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ____.
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
答案A, get用法大多數(shù)同學(xué)明白，此句題干較為生澀，容易出錯(cuò)。
8. ---English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
---Yes. ____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
答案A, 嚴(yán)格講此題不屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞，但是另外三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)都是非謂語動(dòng)詞，且具一定迷惑作用，所以雖然考查句子，但是放到非謂語類也順理成章。
9． Alice returned from the manager’s office ____ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
答案D, 由于與概念相關(guān)，而且又考查學(xué)生細(xì)心與否，此題易出錯(cuò)。
10． Helon had to shout ____ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
答案D,考點(diǎn)與上句相同。
11．”We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
答案A, 集概念與細(xì)心于一題，易錯(cuò)。
12．Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party.
A. get changed B. get change
C. get changing D. get to change
答案A, 學(xué)生們因混淆而出錯(cuò)。
以上是2004年全國15份英語試卷中較有特色的非謂語動(dòng)詞題。摘選的目的是想說明此語法項(xiàng)目的重要性。其實(shí)歷年的試卷中還有許多有特色而且本身不難，但是正答率卻不高的考題。分析原因，一方面，概念不清；另一方面做題時(shí)粗心；還一方面則是練習(xí)的量與頻度不夠。
英語復(fù)合句
作為必考項(xiàng)，復(fù)合句屬應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)內(nèi)容。每年高考單選題中涉及復(fù)合句的題，少則2道、多則2道，從得分情況看，中等難度的題所占比重較大，較少偏怪難題。復(fù)合句的種類很多，出現(xiàn)頻度最高的是定語從句，其次為狀語從句。由于不同語言間差異大，中文雖然也有，但是與英語有很多的不同。所以理清概念，立足普及，常練鞏固，最終提高。
較難題示例：
1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
答案： 正答率不足30%，誤選者極多。問題在于對(duì)非限定性定語從句的理解有誤。
2. I think Father would like to know ____ I ‘ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. what C. why D. how
答案B，問題出在對(duì)be up to這個(gè)短語的認(rèn)知上。
送分題示例：
1． The 2004 Olympic Games were held in Greece ____ the games were born.
A. which B. that C. where D. /
答案C, 此題整答率80%。
2． Roses need special care ____ they can live through winter.
A. so that B. even if C. because D. so
答案A。
應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)題：
1．I work in a business ____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
答案C。
2．You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
答案B。 問題是disagree 的詞性。
3. I hope you don’t mind me asking, ___ where did you buy the shoes?
A. so B. and C. yet D. but
答案D 。語言習(xí)慣及語感。
4. There were dirty marks on her trousers____ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
答案A。理解句意和判定何種復(fù)合句。
5．Paul had to write a history paper, ____ he couldn’t find time to do it.
A. but B. so C. because D. if
答案A。
6．Several weeks had gone by ____ I realized the painting was missing.
A. as B. since C. before D. when
答案C。對(duì)before與when 的理解。此題錯(cuò)誤率極高。
7． Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____ of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
答案D。這種帶插入語的情況尤其應(yīng)引起注意。
8．A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
答案A。正答率不足20%，問題出在從句類型的定位。須多見才能掌握。
9. You can eat food free in my restaurant ____ you like.
A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
答案A。句意易與C混.(35%)
10. ____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
答案A
11. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
答案B 。相當(dāng)多的同學(xué)，誤以為這是定語從句。
12．Jasmine was holidaying with her family in wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
答案A。錯(cuò)的原因在于對(duì)she was bitten on the leg by a lion里。
13．Parents are taught to understand ____ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
答案B。能知道從句的結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)提高準(zhǔn)確率。
14．There was ____ time ____ I hated to go to school.
A. a , that B. a , when C. the , that D. the , when
答案B。 當(dāng)冠詞與關(guān)系代詞混合在一起考查時(shí)，同學(xué)們做題的興奮點(diǎn)放在相對(duì)難的冠詞上，忽略了對(duì)句子意思的探究，因此出錯(cuò)。
15．You should try to get a night’s sleep____ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
答案A。占60%的考生出錯(cuò)。
16．What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
答案A。
17. Scientist say it may be five or six years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
答案C，中英語表達(dá)不同。相當(dāng)多的學(xué)生還不適應(yīng)。
典型題例作到真正明白。不能因?yàn)橹形囊灿袕?fù)合句就對(duì)常見題掉以輕心，正確方法是練。
英語時(shí)態(tài)
英語學(xué)習(xí)中，難點(diǎn)與要點(diǎn)之一是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)，理由很簡單，中文無時(shí)態(tài)，因此難；還由于日常生活中大量使用而且靈活，因此每年高考中都是重要考點(diǎn)。我們師生須花一定氣力用在時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的練習(xí)上。但是，我們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)不是難偏怪題，但也不是送分題，而是常見常用的、中等難度的題。這樣才不會(huì)在最后復(fù)習(xí)階段迷失方向，才能作到心中有數(shù)。
偏怪題示例：
Tom sat under a huge tree, and seeing his friends coming, excitedly ___up at once.
A. standing B. stood C. to stand D. had stood
答案B
送分題示例：
1. ---I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
---Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ___?
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
答案D
2. ---You were out when I dropped in at your house.
---Oh, I ___ for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited
C. am waiting D. have waited
答案A
應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)題：
1. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ___ advertisements showing happy families.
A. will often see B. often
C. are often seeing D. have often seen
答案A， 考查概念，體現(xiàn)了交際原則。當(dāng)我們談交際時(shí)，不能簡單理解為對(duì)話，日常交際的對(duì)話是一種形式，相互談?dòng)^點(diǎn)的對(duì)話也是一種形式，有些情況下命題者不以對(duì)話形式出現(xiàn)，但是其內(nèi)容卻體現(xiàn)了交際的原則。比如此題。
2． It is said in the book that Thoms Edison(1847-1934)___ the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A. would be B. has been C. was D. had been
答案C ,這是一道易錯(cuò)題，主要受初中學(xué)完成時(shí)態(tài)及中英語語系不同的影響。
3．He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ___ her somewhere.
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
答案D，是一道易錯(cuò)題。受中英語表述不同的影響。
4．More patients ___ in hospital this year than last year.
A. treated B. have treated
C. had been treated D. have been treated
答案D， 此題應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)，常見且易錯(cuò)。因?yàn)樯婕暗礁拍睢?/p>
5．Sales at CDs have greatly increased since the earli 1990s, when people ___ to enjoy the advantage of this new technology.
A. began B. begin C. have begun D. had begun
答案A，易錯(cuò)題
6． My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ____ half of it.
A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed
7. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
答案A. 時(shí)態(tài)兼單復(fù)數(shù)判斷。
8．The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came
答案D 。如果意識(shí)不到是個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，則很難正確判斷。
9. ---George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
---No, I ____. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
答案C，A項(xiàng)的干擾作用較大。
10. She ____ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
A. would change B. has changed
C. changed D. was changing
答案C，其實(shí)不難判斷，但是2004年重慶考生的正答率僅35%。
11．The old couple have been married for over forty years, and never once ____ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
答案C, 對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生此題也許不難，然而2003年時(shí)，正答率僅26%。問題在于時(shí)態(tài)判斷有誤，而不是倒裝本身。
12. All morning as she waited for the medical repot from the doctor, her nervousness ____.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
答案C. 2003年誤選D的考生極多。問題出在機(jī)械理解過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。
13. --- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a fever?
---Of course. What is it?
---I ____ if you could tell me how to fill out the form.
A. had wondered B. was wondering
C. would wonder D. did wonder
答案B，我們常說語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查放在具體語境中。此題是對(duì)話，透過語言環(huán)境，我們能反映出這樣的場景，“剛才我還在考慮。。。 ”顯而易見應(yīng)當(dāng)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
14. The little girl ____ her heart out because she ____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
答案B，相當(dāng)比例的考生A與C，與上題一樣也是2002年北京考卷。這樣的試題很具代表性，是易錯(cuò)題。
15. I ____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
答案D，受中文影響，錯(cuò)的同學(xué)特別多。
上述15題全部選自2002，2003及2004年的高考試題，而且都是錯(cuò)誤率較高的題。分析原因，不難看出中學(xué)生受多種因素影響時(shí)態(tài)判斷常出錯(cuò)。解決的辦法有二：其一，了解基本概念；其二，多做、常做中等難度的題，有數(shù)量才有質(zhì)量。那種僅憑理解概念就可應(yīng)對(duì)的想法與做法，是無法解決實(shí)際問題的。
英語作文
短文寫作中，分為三種情況，1）表格提示，如蘇、浙、閩、津、鄂；2）文字提示，如全國四份題、滬；3）圖畫提示，如京、渝、湘、粵、遼
新課標(biāo)在寫的方面對(duì)高三學(xué)生的要求是：1.能根據(jù)所讀文章進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述或?qū)懻?.能根據(jù)用文字幾圖表提供的信息寫短文或報(bào)告；3.能寫出語意連貫且結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文，敘述事情或表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；4.能在寫作中做到文體規(guī)范、語句通順。全國四套題寫作難度統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)分別為0.5, 0.52，0.55，0.42，其他單獨(dú)命題省市中北京0.48，天津0.5、福建0.5 8、湖南0.51、廣東0.56、重慶0.58、湖北0.47、遼寧0.48，上海與2003年持平，浙江則與全國卷大體相當(dāng)，上述數(shù)據(jù)證明了全國廣大中學(xué)生中，中等水準(zhǔn)及此水準(zhǔn)以上者基本達(dá)到了新課標(biāo)的要求。從命題要求角度分析，2004年短文寫作的三種形式也基本符合新課標(biāo)中“寫作任務(wù)、話題、語言結(jié)構(gòu)、文體等要求應(yīng)與高中學(xué)生認(rèn)知能力發(fā)展、生活體驗(yàn)和語言能力相適應(yīng)”的原則。從而也為各層面考生從容發(fā)揮奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
無論表格提示、文字提示還是圖畫及圖表提示，都有很出色的話題，在表格提示的五個(gè)省市中，江蘇省的話題作文很有特色。題目立足于長江邊的江城，使人想到風(fēng)景如畫、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、教育先進(jìn)等信息點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也由此聯(lián)系到污染問題。尤其最后一點(diǎn)談“對(duì)江城發(fā)展的看法”，給予考生很大的描寫空間，能充分展示學(xué)生的寫作功底。詞組運(yùn)用上可考慮到lie on, stand on ,a beautiful place to live in ,in my opinion, under control, 句型方面能使用定語從句、賓語從句如a beautiful place you like to live in, I also think that the growth of its population should be… ，時(shí)態(tài)則可使用諸如In the past ten years my hometown has developed greatly in its economic field. Its economic has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. We’ll have a better hometown in the future. 等完成時(shí)、將來時(shí)及較高級(jí)詞匯和較復(fù)雜的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。
文字類提示也很到位。以全國卷第二套題為例（晉冀魯豫皖贛六省使用），要求考生寫一封信告訴在華學(xué)中文的外國留學(xué)生，北京電視臺(tái)將舉辦外國人學(xué)中文唱中國歌才藝大賽的消息并建議他參賽。由于該題目沒有起始句，因此考生應(yīng)想到寫出一合乎邏輯的開頭。所給信息點(diǎn)中提到讀報(bào)獲悉，這樣read in the newspaper, learn from the newspaper等相關(guān)的短語就油然而生了。爾后，要求同學(xué)們寫全要點(diǎn)并且突出某些重點(diǎn)，提示中“你（李華）覺得他應(yīng)去試一試，”“并表示可以提供幫助”，這無疑給廣大同學(xué)提供了很大的想象與發(fā)揮空間，比如：like singing, be good at singing, a good chance ，singing talent, take the good chance, don’t let the good chance slip through your fingers等。最后還應(yīng)想到寫出一個(gè)合乎邏輯的結(jié)尾 If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help. 若這樣安排，短文不僅完整，而且精彩。對(duì)照評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯（盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯）的要求，得到好分?jǐn)?shù)豈不成竹在胸了嗎？
更為優(yōu)秀者當(dāng)屬上海卷的日記，詞數(shù)120-150。提示言簡意賅，老師要求你負(fù)責(zé)班級(jí)墻報(bào)工作并征求你的意見。在日記中表述你的決定并談?wù)勏敕āＵ剾Q定及表述想法意境獨(dú)到，因?yàn)榭忌杂砂l(fā)揮的空間極大。無論是何種決定都要有一相對(duì)應(yīng)的想法需要表述。以參考范文為例， Monday June 6 Fine
Today the teacher had a talk me. He asked me to take charge of the class wall newspaper and asked me about my plan on running it. I thought it an honor to be appointed as the editor of the wall newspaper, and I was confident I could do a good job, so I gladly accepted the job. And I promised to tell him the detail tomorrow. Now I’ve decided that I will invite some of my good friends to join in the designing of the wall newspaper. Everyone will be encouraged to express their opinions on running it and to write articles for it. The wall newspaper will be a good place for various discussion , or even arguments, and it will be a source of the latest information, too, covering sports, music, films and so on. It will be colorful as well, with articles, photos, drawings, and even interesting toys included. I think the teacher will like the ideas.
通常情況下日記使用過去時(shí)，此文亦不例外，連續(xù)好幾句使用過去時(shí)態(tài)。然而，從“我已決定 ”起，時(shí)態(tài)則轉(zhuǎn)變成將來時(shí)。這在一般日記中不多見，由此可見命題者匠心獨(dú)具。對(duì)考生的要求也大大提高了一步。考生若依以往概念去寫，肯定會(huì)出大錯(cuò)。另外從遣詞造句看，考生可發(fā)揮的空間也很大，比如，負(fù)責(zé)(to take charge of)、管理(to run )、高興(to be pleased to…)、榮譽(yù)(to have the honor …)、表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)(to express one’s opinions)、討論(to have discussions about…)、爭論(to argue)、覆蓋(to cover)。。。。。。這類詞或詞組的使用無疑使短文增添風(fēng)采，提升短文的質(zhì)量。倘若考生再適當(dāng)使用復(fù)合句或非謂語動(dòng)詞短語，獲取高分應(yīng)不成為問題。
圖畫類中佼佼者當(dāng)屬廣東的短文寫作，兩幅小畫。說的是我（李華）晚間讀書，隔壁傳來陣陣足球?qū)崨r轉(zhuǎn)播的種種吵嚷聲，我去交涉，對(duì)方致歉的過程。要求明確，寫一篇英文作文。考生應(yīng)想到首先擬題目，爾后根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容進(jìn)行詳略篩選，晚9點(diǎn)必不可少，我在做作業(yè)、鄰居屋傳來喧嘩、他在看球、我無法繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)、堵住耳朵都不行、我去交涉、我說的話、對(duì)方感到不好意思、我又能學(xué)習(xí)了。這一切用英語表達(dá)不會(huì)很難，但是若很好組篇也不容易。因?yàn)橐怀鲋攸c(diǎn)，語句要通暢，用詞要考究，連接成分要適當(dāng)。
What’s the Matter?
About 9 o’clock last night, I was doing my homework. Suddenly I heard my neighbor shouting and laughing loudly. He was watching a football game on TV. I couldn’t go on studying and became impatient. I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. So I had to go to my neighbor.
I knocked at his door and said, “Good evening, Mr Wang. Could you please turn down your TV a bit? I am doing my homework.”
“Oh, I am really sorry to have disturbed you. We’ll do as you say.” My neighbor said politely.
“Thank you very much.” I said and went back to continue my study.
上述短文僅是一例，寫得好的地方也不僅僅就是那么幾處，由于有若干種寫法，上文也未必是最佳者。但是，他確實(shí)給考生以相當(dāng)大的發(fā)揮空間。遠(yuǎn)比純粹的文字提示或表格提示更利于考量考生的英語寫作水準(zhǔn)，也強(qiáng)于有些老生常談的追風(fēng)圖畫寫作。至于說中了哪些省市的題目，請(qǐng)讀者、學(xué)生、教師、家長們橫向比較吧。
英語書面表達(dá)作為檢測學(xué)生駕馭語言能力的一種強(qiáng)有力手段，其話題是非常重要的。首先，應(yīng)貼近生活；再者，應(yīng)易于表達(dá)；此外，所敘及的事還應(yīng)是發(fā)生過、正發(fā)生或很快能發(fā)生。這樣才與高三學(xué)生的水平相適應(yīng)，如與此相左，則很難考核考生的水平。2004年有些題目及內(nèi)容就令人很不滿意，給出的中文就超過了100字，卻還要限制考生寫100詞左右；要求考生不要逐字翻譯，可是范文卻與提示幾乎一樣。真是與其昏昏，使人昭昭了。
閱讀理解
閱讀理解不僅現(xiàn)在即使將來，也是英語學(xué)習(xí)中和中國人接觸外語的最主要途徑。因此，在各級(jí)各類考試中，對(duì)閱讀理解的測試始終是重點(diǎn)。
閱讀理解的測試要點(diǎn)如下：
1． 理解主旨大意；
2． 尋讀具體信息；
3． 理解細(xì)節(jié)；
4． 根據(jù)上下文提供的語境，推測生詞詞義，進(jìn)而加深對(duì)文段的理解；
5． 簡單的判斷和理解；
6． 理解文段的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)；
7． 理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度；
8． 理解文段的文化信息。
9． 理解圖表信息；
10． 理解指代關(guān)系；
基于上述測試要點(diǎn)，作為一個(gè)高中畢業(yè)生，在閱讀過程中必須具備下列技能，這樣才能獲取和處理信息。
1． 略讀；
2． 找讀；
3． 預(yù)測下文
4． 理解大意；
5． 分清文章中的事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)；
6． 猜測詞義；
7． 推理判斷；
8． 了解重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)；
9． 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)；
10． 理解圖表信息；
11． 理解指代關(guān)系；
12． 理解邏輯關(guān)系；
13． 理解作者意圖 ；
14． 評(píng)價(jià)閱讀內(nèi)容。
從高考命題的實(shí)際情況看，命題者常用下述方法提問：
1. What is the purpose of the text?
2. What does the author mainly tell us about in the passage?
3. What can we infer from the passage?
4. What can be inferred from the passage?
5. It can be concluded from the text that____?
6. What can we learn from the text?
7. What is the general idea// main idea of the text?
8. The passage mainly focuses on ____?
9. What is the main subject discussed in the text?
10. It can be inferred from the passage that____?
11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to ___?
12. What is the best title of the text//for the article?
13. The best title for this passage is ?
14. What can we infer from the last//the first two paragraphs?
15. The meaning of the word//sentence in Paragraph X is related to ____?
16. In Paragraph X, “X X X” can be replaced by ____?
17. The underlined word “ X ”//sentence in Paragraph X probably mean ____.
18. The text is mainly written to explain ____.
19. Which of the following statements is true?
20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
作為一名高三畢業(yè)生，如果真正作好上邊所有各項(xiàng)，就應(yīng)當(dāng)做好下面所有要求：
1．學(xué)會(huì)使用3300個(gè)左右的單詞和400-500個(gè)習(xí)慣用語或固定搭配、400-500個(gè)合成詞與派生詞；目前階段至少掌握2000個(gè)以上單詞；
2．除教材外，課外閱讀量應(yīng)累積達(dá)到30萬詞以上，換言之，長度300詞左右的文段1000篇；
3．能通過分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)理解難句和長句；（能理解語言結(jié)構(gòu)有一定難度或有一定新語言現(xiàn)象的文段）
4．能根據(jù)閱讀目的和文段的不同，調(diào)整閱讀速度和閱讀方法，閱讀速度每分鐘70-80詞。
為了在高考中取得相對(duì)理想的成績，師生必須十分關(guān)注閱讀，并把閱讀當(dāng)成每天生活內(nèi)容的一部分。帶著興趣閱讀英語，并且在閱讀中增加興趣。怎樣做才能有閱讀的興趣？每天讀你感興趣的短文，一般情況下男生熱心體育，那么體育新聞、著名體育運(yùn)動(dòng)員的興趣愛好內(nèi)容的文章男生很可能更愿意閱讀；女生對(duì)涉及歌星、影星之類信息或許較為感興趣，那么這方面的文段有可能吸引她們。其他一般知識(shí)性小短文無論是哪類同學(xué)，都會(huì)感興趣。當(dāng)你讀這類文章時(shí)，切記不要做題。閱讀的目的在于培養(yǎng)興趣、形成語感、擴(kuò)大視野、穩(wěn)定詞匯保有量。當(dāng)前，相當(dāng)多的同學(xué)對(duì)英語不感興趣，很大程度是因做理解題所致。然而，不做題并不意味不思不想，當(dāng)你讀完一篇后，最好掩卷而思，默想一下這篇短文都講了什么內(nèi)容，你明白了什么。讓文章以整篇的形式浮現(xiàn)在你的腦海中。這樣，就不會(huì)是一句句的單個(gè)句意或只記住最一兩句的意思，而無法形成篇章意識(shí)。這種閱讀方法在沖刺階段極為重要，對(duì)興趣和能力的提高作用明顯！
除了上述的泛讀外，每天還應(yīng)根據(jù)高考的需求進(jìn)行針對(duì)性閱讀。具體做法是，閱讀一至二篇有閱讀理解題的文段，每篇時(shí)間控制在5---7分鐘。閱讀步驟：先對(duì)文章作一體裁定位，說明文、論說文、敘述文、說明、廣告或是識(shí)圖？
根據(jù)歷年考試的情況看，說明文、論說文的文長基本控制在300詞左右。因此，文章的主旨大意多出現(xiàn)在第一段，甚至第一段的前幾句，最后一段多與第一段呼應(yīng)；至于中間的部分，多是論據(jù)或說明文的展開部。閱讀理解的問題也多是：
1． What is the best title for//of the passage?
2． What can be inferred from the passage?
3． What does the author mainly tell us about in the text?
4． What is mainly discussed in the article//passage//text? 之類的問題。
做答這類問題時(shí)，將閱讀重點(diǎn)放在首尾部分，中間部分則可采用略讀或掃讀的方式，一則省時(shí)間，二則目標(biāo)明確，正答率自然也相應(yīng)提高了。
示例：2004年全國卷II, C篇,介紹1971年版大眾車。根據(jù)內(nèi)容，是一篇說明小文。
It’s not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But in the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can’t: run on solar energy-energy from the sun’s light and heat!
66. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Making of Helios
B. 1999 American Tour on the Road
C. Sun-powered Cars on the Road
D. Use of Green Cars in Connection
敘述文，包括人或事，由于文字較為淺顯，廣大同學(xué)總以為很容易，因此很少有人認(rèn)真閱讀。其實(shí)，這類文章因其敘述沒有很生僻的語言和內(nèi)容才應(yīng)細(xì)一些閱讀，提問往往是細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容或理解內(nèi)容。比如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或人物間關(guān)系排序，劃出一句話說出其含義等。很多同學(xué)遇到此類文章時(shí)往往不能稍細(xì)一些閱讀，結(jié)果在做題時(shí)不能發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，不僅耗去時(shí)間，還常常出錯(cuò)。
示例：2004年全國卷I中B篇的幾個(gè)問題就屬于細(xì)節(jié)和細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
60．The Taj Mahal was first built as ____.
A. a prison B. a gift to Mumtuz
C. a memorial D. a tourist attraction
61.We learn from the text that Mumtaz probablydied in ____.
A. 1626 B. 1632 C. 1634 D. 1653
62. The underlined word “happiness” in the last sentence refers to ____.
A. the married happiness of the emperor and his wife
B. the great pleasure Jehan once found in exercising his power
C. thehapiness Jehan felt on completing the Taj Mahal
D. the pleasure tourists experience when visiting the Taj Mahal
再比如：高三課本第八單元后面的完形練習(xí)中，在談到麥克聽到園長推介工作時(shí)，有如下文字：On hearing this, Mike got angry and shouted:”You want me to take the place of a monkey. Take his place yourself! You look more like a monkey than I do.”
“Don’t be angry like that, young man. I know you are not like a monkey. But we just dress you up.”
對(duì)于上段文字的意思，稍具英語常識(shí)的人們都不會(huì)理解錯(cuò)。但是，絕大部分考生誤以為劃線部分的含義是“你看起來比我更象猴。”分析原因，一則讀文時(shí)記住后邊忘掉前邊，換言之，閱讀方法不對(duì)；二則沒有將語文老師分析篇章的方法有機(jī)地運(yùn)用到英語敘事文中來。上文中與下文的“別生氣，小伙子，我知道你不象猴，我們只不過給你化裝而已。”是有機(jī)的合成體，不應(yīng)斷開。由此我們能夠看出，大凡考題中劃線理解題，題面的意思與其真實(shí)含義不會(huì)一樣，試想，天下哪有掉餡餅的道理！
對(duì)于廣告類文章及題目，最好的辦法是能對(duì)號(hào)入座，即看題找文作決斷。從歷年情況分析，凡錯(cuò)誤率高的題基本上是由于同學(xué)認(rèn)真不夠所致。
距高考所余時(shí)日無多，最后階段廣大同學(xué)必須做到每天閱讀5篇短文，從中選一篇容易者做認(rèn)真細(xì)致閱讀，步驟如下：
1． 大聲朗讀（八大要素缺一不可語音語調(diào)重讀弱讀連讀停頓失去爆破輕輔音弱化）；
2． 找出需要記的詞組、短語；
3． 發(fā)現(xiàn)并找出起著承上啟下作用的連接詞、過渡句；
4． 凡是長句或較為復(fù)雜的句子試用中文講明白；
5． 好的文段力爭背誦。