Unit 3 Art and architecture
Warming up /listening / speaking
Where would you prefer to live?
prefer vt
釋義：to choose or be in the habit of choosing as more desirable or as having more value 更喜歡
結(jié)構(gòu)：⑴ prefer+名詞/代詞/動詞－ing形式（可再接＋to+另一名詞/代詞/動詞－ing形式
例句 ①I prefer green to yellow.
對于綠色與黃色，我更喜歡綠色。
②I prefer dancing to singing.
我喜歡跳舞勝于唱歌。
⑵ prefer ＋動詞不定式（可再接rather than do something）。
例句 ①They prefer to play cards rather than see such TV plays.
他們寧愿打牌也不愿看這樣的電視劇。
②The hero preferred to die rather than surrender.
這位英雄寧死不屈。
⑶ prefer＋賓語＋動詞不定式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）。
例句 ①I should prefer you not to stay here too long.
我希望你不要在這里呆得太久了。
②Let me wash the dishes----would you prefer me to dry them?
我來洗盤子――你要我擦干盤子嗎？
⑷ prefer＋that從句（從句的謂語動詞should型的虛擬語氣，should常省略）。
例句 ①Would you prefer that we reschedule the meeting for next week?
你是否愿意我們把會議改期到下周呢？
②She preferred that we should do it in the kitchen .
她寧愿我們在廚房做這件事。
拓展：n. preference
釋義：liking for something more than something else. （與其他物較之）喜歡，偏愛
例句 ①It’s entirely a matter of preference.
這完全是個見仁見智的問題。
②A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils.
老師不應(yīng)偏愛任何一個學(xué)生。
考例:
Employees who have worked here for many years will give over
newcomers.
A preference B. prejudice C. promise D. preface
Key: A
What materials would you use?
material n. [U] [C]
釋義：① the substance or substances out of which a thing is or can be made.
材料，原料
② something, such as an idea or information, that is to be refined and made or incorporated into a finished effort:
素材，材料
例句 ①We use high-quality raw material for our goods.
我們的產(chǎn)品是用優(yōu)質(zhì)原料制造的。
②He is not officer material.
他不是當(dāng)官的材料。
③He is collecting material for a book.
他正在搜集素材（資料）寫書。
④She’s collecting material for a newspaper article.
她正在搜集素材在報紙上發(fā)表文章。
Amy and Danny want to buy some furniture for their new home.
furniture: n. [U]
釋義： the movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working
家具
例句：①M(fèi)y parents gave me a piece of furniture as the present of my wedding.
我的父母送我一件家具作為我結(jié)婚的禮物.
② They booked a lot of furniture yeaterday.
他們昨天預(yù)訂了許多家具。
考例： All the furniture in the room imported from England.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
Key: A
They visit a shop and talk with a shop assistant about their tastes and preference.
taste: n. [U] [C]
釋義：①. a personal preference or liking 嗜好;個人的偏好或喜好
②． Sense by which flavour is known . 味覺
③． sensation caused in the tongue by things placed on it.
味道
例句：① She has a taste of foreign travel.
她有到國外旅游的愛好。
② I don’t like the taste of this cheese.
我不喜歡這乳酪的味道。
③My sense of taste isn't very good; I have a cold.
我的味覺不是很好，我感冒了。
考例： Pop music is loved by lots of people, but it is not everyone’s .
A. smell B. favour C. sound D. taste
Key: D
It is also convenient to live close to your work.
convenient: adj.
釋義：suited or favorable to one's comfort, purpose, or needs:
省力的，方便的
例句：①The dish-washer is very convenient.
這個洗碗機(jī)很方便。
②We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.
我們必須安排一個合適的時間和地點(diǎn)開會。
結(jié)構(gòu)： It is convenient for/to sb (to do..)
(做…)對…是方便的
詞組：If convenient 假如方便的話
For convenience 為了..的便利
At one’s convenience 在…便利的時候
拓展： convenience n. 方便，便利
釋義： the quality of being suitable to one's comfort, purposes, or needs 方便
例句 ①We bought this house for its convenience.
我們買下這所房子為的是它方便。
②When and where will it suit your convenience for our next meeting?
我們下次見面什么時候,什么地點(diǎn)對你方便?
考例：Come and see me whenever .
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
Key: C
I really think a traditional house has more personal style.
(1) traditional adj.
釋義： Of, relating to, or in accord with tradition 傳統(tǒng)的
例句 ① There are also people who come to take such courses as Chinese traditional medicine, painting, calligraphy and photography.
還有一些人到學(xué)校里來是為了學(xué)習(xí)諸如中醫(yī)、繪畫、書法。攝影等課程。
②He has a traditional view of women.
他對婦女的觀點(diǎn)很傳統(tǒng)。
拓展：traditionally adv. 傳統(tǒng)地
tradition n. 傳統(tǒng)
(2) personal adj.
釋義： Of or relating to a particular person; private個人的
例句 ① She made a personal donation to the fund.
她以個人名義向基金會捐款。
②This is a car for your personal use only.
這是僅供你個人用的汽車。
辨析： personal & private
這兩個詞都有"私自的；個人的"之意。區(qū)別在于：private有"私立的；非公開的；秘密的"的意思；而personal沒有。但是，personal有"親自的；本人的"的意思，相當(dāng)于in person。
例句 ① I won’ t tell you about it, for it’s private.
我不會告訴你關(guān)于這件事，因?yàn)樗敲孛艿摹?/p>
② He made a personal appearance at the meeting.
他以個人名義出席了會議。
考例：
Pre-reading/Reading/Post-reading
1. Architecture looks at man-made living environment.
詞組：look at
釋義： think about, consider or study something 看待，考慮， 研究
例句：① They refused to look at my suggestion.
他們拒絕考慮我的建議。
② The implications of the new legislation will need to be looked at.
新法規(guī)的含義需要研究一下。
考例： The committee wouldn’t even my proposal.
A. look on B. look at C. look after D. look through
Key: B
2. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
(1) have something done 使某事物予以處理
例句： ①Why don’t you have your hair cut?
你為什么不理發(fā)？
② They’re going to have their house painted.
他們準(zhǔn)備把房子粉刷一下。
拓展：have sb. do sth.
類似結(jié)構(gòu)：
動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語
find /see/make/get/have/want等動詞+ 名詞 +n. /adj. /doing /done /adv. /to be /介詞短語
例句: I find Russian grammar very difficult.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)俄語語法很難學(xué)。
Being poor at English, I’m afraid I can’t make myself understood.
我的英語很差，恐怕很難讓自己被理解。
I have had my bike repaired.
我已經(jīng)把自行車修好了。
You must get the work done before Friday.
你必須在周五前把工作完成。
We are pleased to see the problem settled so quickly.
我們很高興看到問題這么快解決了。
(2) express vt.
釋義：① to make known the feelings or opinions of (oneself), as by statement or art
表白，表達(dá)
②To set forth in words; state.
陳述; 用語言表達(dá)；
例句 ① No words can express the grandeur of that parade.
閱兵式那宏偉的場面是無法用語言表達(dá)的。
② He can express himself in good clear English now after four years' hard learning.
經(jīng)過四年的艱苦學(xué)習(xí),現(xiàn)在他能用清楚流暢的英語表達(dá)自己的意思了。
考例：
Because I have my bike , I walked to my company.
A. repairing B. being repaired
C. repair D. have repaired
Key: B
I can’t to you how grateful I am for you help.
A. say B. tell C. express D. speak
Key: C
3. When you look around buildings, streets, squares and parks, you will find them designed, planned and built in different styles.
design vt.
釋義：to plan out in systematic, usually graphic form:
設(shè)計
例句 ① Can anyone design a better timetable?
誰能設(shè)計一個更好的時間表。
②Who designed the new school?
誰設(shè)計的這所新學(xué)校？
用法： be designed for sb/sth
be designed as sth 為某目的或企圖而制造或計劃…
be designed to do sth
例句：①The gloves were designed for extremely cold climate.
這些手套是為嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)設(shè)計的。
②This course is designed as an introduction to the subject.
這門課程是作為該科目的入門課而開設(shè)的。
③The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion.
這條路是為緩解交通擁擠而開辟的。
考例: The new suspension bridge by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
Key: B
4. Modernism was invented in the 1920s by a group of architects who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people’s feeling of beauty.
architect n[C]
釋義：one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures. 建筑師
例句①He went to work in an architect's office in order to learn how to design buildings.
他到一家建筑事務(wù)所去工作以便學(xué)習(xí)如何設(shè)計建筑物。
②Now other architects know how to design buildings to fit into the land.
現(xiàn)在別的建筑師也知道怎樣設(shè)計得使建筑物與地形相協(xié)調(diào)。
拓展： architecture n.
釋義： design or style of buildings 建筑設(shè)計，建筑風(fēng)格
例句 ① Modern architecture depressed me.
現(xiàn)代的建筑設(shè)計使我感到憋悶。
②I like the architecture of the eighteenth century.
我喜歡十八世紀(jì)的建筑風(fēng)格。
詞組：go against sth.
釋義：be opposed or contrary to sth; conflict with sth. 違背，違反，對……不利
例句① Paying for hospital treatment goes against her socialist principles.
付給醫(yī)院醫(yī)療費(fèi)是違背她的社會主義原則的。
② His thinking goes against all logic.
他的思維完全不合邏輯。
考例： It my wishes to leave the country. There are so many things attract me.
A. turns out to be B. goes against
C. makes out D. gets rid of
Key: B
拓展：
against的用法：（1）防備，防御
例句She wears a warm coat against the cold.
她穿著暖和的大衣以御寒冷。
（2）靠著，依著
例句The picture hangs against the wall.
這張畫掛在墻上。
（3）反對，違反
例句She spoke against the new law.
她發(fā)言反對新法律。
（4）撞擊，碰撞
例句The rain was beating against the windows.
雨點(diǎn)打著窗戶。
（5）和……對照，以……襯托
例句 It’s difficult to see anything in this bright light.
對著這么亮的光，很難看見任何東西。
拓展： 常見go的詞組：
go back 回去go away 離去 go away with 帶走 卷逃 go by 經(jīng)過 go down 沉沒 go up上升
5. They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.
construct vt.
釋義：①to form by assembling or combining parts; build 建造
②to create (an argument or a sentence, for example) by systematically arranging ideas or terms 構(gòu)筑
例句 ①This is a hut constructed out of branches.
這是一間用樹枝搭成的棚屋。
② This novel is well-constructed.
這本小說結(jié)構(gòu)很好。
考例: It is a good place to a factory here.
A. constrict B. construct C. constraint D. construe
Key: B
6. To many people modern architecture equals progress.
(1) equal vt.
釋義：①To be equal to, in value, number, or size.
等值；與…相等
②To reach the same standard as. 比得上，敵得過
例句：①The year’s sales figures up till October equal the figures for the whole of last year.
本年度到十月份的銷售數(shù)字就等于去年全年的銷售數(shù)字。
② “X = Y” means x equals y.
“x=y”就是指x等于y。
③ None of us can equal her grace as a dancer.
論跳舞，我們誰也比不上她的舞姿優(yōu)美。
拓展：equal: adj.
釋義：Having the same quantity, measure, or value as another.
相同的，同等的，同樣的
例句：① One li is equal to half a kilometre.
一華里等于半公里。
②It is equal to me whether he comes or not.
他來不來對我都一樣。
equality n. 【U】
The state or quality of being equal.
相等：相同的狀態(tài)或特性
例句： ①All three children have equality in our family - they are all treated in the same way.
三個小孩在我們家都是平等的，他們都被同等對待。
② They are fighting for the equality of women.
他們在為婦女爭取平等權(quán)力而斗爭。
(2) progress n【U】
釋義: Development or growth:
進(jìn)展：發(fā)展或增長：
例句 ① You have made progress with your English.
你的英語進(jìn)步了。
② Progress in the peace talks has been rather disappointing.
和平談判的進(jìn)展情況令人相當(dāng)失望。
考例：
8．Modern buildings impress us because they are huge, but many people do not find them beautiful.
impress vt.
釋義：to produce or attempt to produce a vivid impression or image of:
印入腦海，留下印象
結(jié)構(gòu)： impress sth on/upon sb 使…銘記…;使想象
impress sth. on/in sth. 在…上/壓/蓋印
impress sb. (with sth.) 給予某人深刻印象
be impressed by/with/at sth 對…印象深刻
例句：①I impressed on him the importance of his work.
我使他注意他的工作的重要性。
②The organizer impressed a beautiful design on the clothes.
組織者把一個漂亮的圖案印在衣服上。
③The girl impressed her friends with liveliness and humor.
這個女孩給她的朋友留下了活潑和幽默的印象。
④We were deeply impressed by his deeds.
我們對他的行為留下了深刻印象。
拓展： impression n【C】
釋義：an effect, a feeling, or an image retained as a consequence of experience.
印象，感想：作為經(jīng)歷的結(jié)果留下來的效果、感覺或者形象
例句：① What were your first impressions of London?
你對倫敦的最初印象如何？
② Her speech made an quite impression on the audience.
她的演講給聽眾留下相當(dāng)好的印象。
結(jié)構(gòu)： Give/Create/Leave /make a/an… impression on sb.
例句： My general impression is that he seemed to be a pleasant man.
我的總的印象是他是一個很陽光的人。
考例：His words was deeply impressed my memory.
A. on B. in C. with D. by
Key: A
9. The buildings look like boxes with flat roofs, sharp corners and glass walls that act as mirrors.
sharp adj.
釋義： ①having clear form and detail
清楚的
②having a thin edge or a fine point suitable for or capable of cutting or piercing.
鋒利的
例句 ① The TV picture isn’t very sharp.
電視圖像不太清晰。
②The shears are not sharp enough to cut the grass.
這把大剪刀不夠快,剪不動草。
詞組： act as 擔(dān)任, 充當(dāng)
例句：① He was asked to act as an advisor of the project.
他應(yīng)邀擔(dān)任該項(xiàng)目的顧問。
②A newly-devised microcomputer can act as a guide to a blind person.
一種新設(shè)計的微型計算機(jī)能夠充任盲人的向?qū)А?/p>
考例：
11. Autonio Gaudi, a Spanish architect, was the first to understand that.
結(jié)構(gòu)：句中to understand that作the first的定語。當(dāng)名詞的中心詞為序數(shù)詞或“序數(shù)詞＋名主”時，其后用不定式作定語而不是分詞。
例句①He was the last person to leave the classroom.
他是最后一個離開教室的人。
②The first traveller to reach New Zealand in the year 950 was a man called Kupe.
公元950年第一個來新西蘭旅游的是一個叫庫佩的人。
考例：
12. Despite the fact that he used traditional materials, Gaudi was a modern architect.
despite prep
釋義：in spite of; notwithstanding
盡管; 不管，
例句① Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.
盡管天氣不好，我們的假期仍過得很愉快。
②Despite the traffic jam he arrived here on time.
盡管交通堵塞，他仍然按時到達(dá)這里。
辨析：despite & in spite of
Despite和in spite of意思相同，但despite更正式，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞等。
例句 ① They kept going in spite of their fears.
他們不顧害怕繼續(xù)前進(jìn)
②In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.
盡管我們作出了巨大努力,我們還是沒能完成計劃。
考例：He remained modest his great achievement.
A. despite of B. despite
C. in despite D. in the despite
Key: B
13. Frank Lloyd Wright, who built an art museum in New York, found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.
inspire vt
釋義：①to affect or touch
影響或觸動
② to stimulate to action; motivate:
激勵，鼓勵; 激發(fā)行動，促動
例句 ① The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.
落葉觸動了她的傷感
② His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.
他最好的樂曲是以懷念母親為動力而創(chuàng)作的。
③ I was inspired to work harder than ever before.
我受激勵比以往任何時候都更加努力地工作。
拓展：inspiration n.
釋義：① the quality of inspiring or exalting
啟示
例句：Dante was the inspiration for my book in Italy.
但丁是促使我寫有關(guān)意大利這本書的靈感。
考例：
14. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird’s nest made of tree branches.
Seen from the top是過去分詞短語做狀語。made of tree branches是過去分詞作后置定語。
過去分詞的用法：
一 作表語
One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean are polluted. (表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。)
地中海的四分之一海岸被污染了。
二 作賓語補(bǔ)足語
Then we talk with others, we make ourselves understood not just by words.
然后我們互相交談，我們不僅僅靠語言讓自己被理解。
三 作名詞的前置或后置修飾語
When we arrived, we were given printed question papers.
我們到了之后，發(fā)到了打印好的問卷。
It came from the work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa. (后置。相當(dāng)于定語從句… which were sung by black people…)
它來自黑人唱的工作之歌，起源在非洲。
四 作狀語
①Seen from space, the earth looks blue. (作時間狀語或條件狀語，相當(dāng)于When/If the earth is seen from space, it looks blue.)
從宇宙上看，地球是藍(lán)色的。
②Well known for his experts advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. (作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于As he was well known for his expert advice, he was….)
由于他的建議很有名，他幫助了很多人解決他們的個人事務(wù)。
③Bitten by a snake, you should send for help. (作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于If you are bitten by a snake, you should….)
如果被蛇咬了，你必須看醫(yī)生。
④The room, although supposed to be kept locked, was often left open. (作讓步狀語，其邏輯狀語是the room；當(dāng)過去分詞作時間，條件，讓步等狀語時，其前還可加when, once, if, although等連詞.)
盡管我們想這個房間是鎖著的，但它經(jīng)常是開著的。
⑤Dr Watson and I will spend the night, locked in your room.(作狀語，表示伴隨狀況或方式。)
華生博士和我把自己鎖在房間里，度過了一個晚上。
15. Birds fill up the spaces between the branches of their nests with soft materials.
(1) 詞組： fill up with；fill… with… 用…裝(滿)…
be filled with；be full of ；… …裝滿了…
例句 ① The driver filled up the tank with petrol.
司機(jī)在油箱里裝滿油。
②The river is filled up with mud.
小河充滿了污泥。
③He ran to the school with his mouth filled up with bread.
他嘴里塞滿面包，跑向?qū)W校。
(2) branch n.
釋義：①a secondary woody stem or limb growing from the trunk or main stem of a tree or shrub or from another secondary limb.
分枝
②An area of specialized skill or knowledge, especially academic or vocational, that is related to but separate from other areas:
部門，分科
例句：① He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches,
他爬上樹，躲在樹枝間。
② The trees go straight up; only at the top do they have branches.
這些樹筆直向上生長，只在頂部有分枝。
③The company's head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country.
公司的總部在這個城市，但它的分公司遍布全國各地。
考例：
They are decorated with small round windows that remind you of ships, bent roofs, and twenty-foot-high walls of glass that make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.
(1) decorate vt.
釋義：to furnish, provide, or adorn with something ornamental; embellish.
修飾
例句 ①On National Day people decorate streets with flags in China.
在中國的國慶節(jié)人們用旗幟裝飾街道。
② They are decorating the Christmas tree.
他們正在裝飾圣誕樹。
(2) remind sb. of sth.
釋義： cause sb. to remember or newly aware of sth. 使人想起……
例句： ①He reminds me of his father.
看到他使我想起他的父親。
②This song reminds me of France.
一聽到這首歌就想起了法國。
擴(kuò)展：①remind sb +that… 使人想起
例句 She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers.
他提醒我還沒有澆花。
② remind sb. to do sth. 使某人想起做某事，提醒某人做某事
例句 ①Remind me to mail the letter.
提醒我把這封信寄了。
考例: What you said just now me of that American professor.
A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized
Key: C
The simple style of the buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture.
詞組： set …aside
釋義：disregard sth. or ignore sth. 不理會，擱置
例句：① Their government has set aside those decrees.
他們的政府把那些法令擱置起來。
②Let’s set aside my personal feeling.
不必顧及我個人的感情。
考例：It’s time for supper now. Please your books aside so that we can use the table for supper.
A. set B. take C. bring D. carry
Key: A
A is to B what C is to D.
A is to B what C is to D 是一個句型，意為“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”。
例句： Air is to us what water is to fish.
空氣之于人就如同水之于魚一樣重要。
Reading is to mind what food is to the body.
讀書之于頭腦就如同食物之于身體。
考例： Air is to us water is to fish. We should take measure t okeep air and water clean.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
Key: D
1. We have both red and white wine. Do you have a p for one or the other?
2. The a showed several designs for the new stadium; but none was satisfactory.
3. Kate is always trying to i people with her new clothes.
4. It isn’t c to talk at the moment; I’m doing my homework.
5. In China, early houses were c out of mud and sticks.
6. The coat has gone out of s , but I like them.
7. Can I t a piece of that cheese to see what’s it’s like?
8. Eight times eight e sixty-four.
9. R me to write to Mother.
10. The company's head office is in the city, but it has b all over the country.
Keys: 1. preference 2. architect 3. impress 4. convenient 5. constructed 6. style 7. taste 8. equals
9. Remind 10. branches
1． Jessica a flat near the college with three other girls.
A. borrowed B. hired C. preferred D. rented
2. We have little in common; our and interests are so different.
A. styles B. taste C. quality D. appearance
3． Antonio Gaudi is the first architect that nature doesn’t have any straight lines.
A. understanding B. understands
C. to understand D. understood
4. the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.
A. When B. Despite C. While D. Unless
5. ---What me most is the beautiful environment and attractive parks.
---I have the same you.
A. impressed; imagination as B. is impressed; impression like
C. has impressed; impression as D. has impressed; imagination like
6. The manager said that he the work within 12 hours.
A. would have; finish B. would have; finished
C. would have; do D. might have; end
7. When it was time for dinner, the dining hall soon the students.
A. filled up B. was filled of
C. filled up with D. filled
8. Yao Ming, who the basketball team of the Houston Rockets., plays basketball in a special .
A. is; style B. belongs to; means
C. belongs in; action D. belongs to; style
9. The picture me of the days we spent in Beijing.
A. remembers; that B. warns; that
C. reminds; when D. reminds; that
10. Mary and John wanted to buy for their study. They had a talk with the sales assistant about their and .
A. a furniture; tastes; preference
B. some furnitures; tastes; preference
C. a piece of furniture; taste; preferences
D. several furniture; taste; preference
11. You’d better some money for special use.
A. pick up B. set aside C. put off D. give away
12. The food was so ______ that the child couldn’t help tasting it.
A. smelly B. invited C. interesting D. inviting
13. He tried to go away without being noticed by his employer but luck _____ him.
A. went with B. went against C. went over D. went along
14. The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed _______ my memory.
A. to B. over C. by D. on
15. If you are the judge，you must your personal feelings．
A．set at B．set beside
C．set out D．set aside
16. The music calls all the memories of my childhood．
A．a(chǎn)t B．for
C．on D．up
17. The professor spoke very clearly to make his speech .
A．understood B．understand
C．understanding D．to understand
18. reading is to mind，food is to blood．
A．That B．Which
C．How D．What
19. Music often us of events in the past.
A. remembers B. memorizes C. reminds D. reflects
20. The man decided to buy .
A. many furnitures B. furnitures
C. a piece of furniture D. a furniture
28.Tom was deeply by the story of the hero.
A .impressed B. moving
C. pressed D. striking
29.
Lily does very well in her studies.No one in our class can her,especially in maths and English.
A.compared with B.be compared to C.compare to D.be compared