知識(shí)歸納（BII）U3
I. 重點(diǎn)詞語：
▲ preference n．偏愛；優(yōu)先
He has a preference for tea to／over coffee．他喜歡茶甚于咖啡。
I have a preference for French films． 我喜愛法國(guó)電影。
He has never liked meat，and has always had a preference for vegetables and fruit．
他從不喜歡吃肉，他總是偏愛蔬菜和水果。
His preference was for brandy rather than whisky．
他比較喜歡的是白蘭地而不是威士忌，
Wine or beer? Which is your preference? 要葡萄酒還是啤酒?你比較喜歡哪一樣?
In preference to "優(yōu)先于；喜愛甚于”
I'd choose the small car in preference to the large one．
我會(huì)選那輛小車，而不會(huì)選那輛大的。
Most“Americans drink coffee in preference to tea．
大部分美國(guó)人愛喝咖啡甚于紅茶。
▲ design vt．設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)劃
She designs dresses for the stager．她為這位歌手設(shè)計(jì)服裝。
A famous architect designed the National Stadium．
國(guó)家運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)是由一位著名建筑師設(shè)計(jì)的。
常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后接不定式或for短語，意為“目的是；打算給……用”。
The experiment is designed to test the new drug．這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖菣z驗(yàn)這種新藥。
This fund is designed to help poor students．這筆資金是為幫助貧窮的學(xué)生用的。
This room was designed for children．這間房子供小孩住的。
This book was designed mainly for parents．這本書主要是給父母看的。
▲ furniture n．(總稱)家具；是不可數(shù)名詞。
a piece of furniture一件家具
two old pieces of furniture 兩件舊家具
We had little furniture． 我們幾乎沒什么家具。
many pieces／articles of furniture好多件家具
The old table was a very valuable piece of furniture．
那張舊桌子是一件很值錢的家具。
[拓展]furnish vt. 陳設(shè)，供應(yīng)
He furnished his house according to his taste．他按他的愛好布置他自己的房子．
No one m the class could furnish the right answer to the question．
班里沒有人能提供出讀問尾的正確答案．
I'11 furnish you with all you need．我會(huì)提供你所需要的一切．
▲ style n．風(fēng)格；式樣；作風(fēng)；文體
The letter is expressed in a formal style．該信的正式方式快遞。
He lives in the Western style． 他過著西式生活。
You'd better change your style of living． 你最好改變一下生活方式。
Her style of painting is unique． 她的繪畫技巧獨(dú)一無二。
You should learn to speak in a friendlier style．
你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)以更親切的態(tài)度說話。
Do you have a chair h this style? 你們有這一類型的椅子嗎?
in style"流行的；豪華的”
This type of dress is now in style． 這種款式的女裝現(xiàn)在很流行。
They are living in style．他們過著豪華的生活。
out of style "不再流行的，過時(shí)的”
Her dress is out of style．她的衣服過時(shí)了。
I like the style Of your new coat．我喜歡你的新外套的式樣。
▲ stand vt．忍受；經(jīng)受；承擔(dān)
通常用于否定句或疑問句，不可用進(jìn)行式，后接名詞、代詞 或動(dòng)名詞。
I can't stand Tom because he's so stupid．我受不了湯姆，因?yàn)樗@么愚笨。
She can't stand the pain． 她無法忍受那種痛苦。
She can't stand cold． 她受不了寒冷。
He could not stand being made fun of．他無法忍受被人嘲弄。，
I won't stand your talking to me like that． 我不能忍受你那樣對(duì)我講話。
▲glance vi 看一下；一瞥；掃視
The old man glanced at the little boy．那老人看了小男孩一眼。
He glanced through／over the newspaper． 他大略瀏覽了下報(bào)紙。
The teacher glanced round the classroom． 老師環(huán)視了下教室。
I glanced over my shoulder and found 1 was being followed．
我扭頭一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)有人跟蹤。
n．乍看；一瞥；掃視
One glance at her face told me that she was tired．
一看她的臉色，我就知道她累了。
He took a glance at the TV programs． 他瞄了一下電視節(jié)目。
at a glance"乍看之下；一看就……”
I recognized her at a glance． 我一眼就認(rèn)出了她。
She could tell at a glance that he was not happy．她一眼就看得出他并不快樂。
at first glance"乍看之下；第一眼就……”
At first glance，汁seemed real． 乍看之下，它似乎是真的。
▲ construct vt．建造；建設(shè)
They are planning tO construct a bridge over the river．
他們正計(jì)劃在這條河上造橋。
When was this building constructed? 這座樓房是何時(shí)建造的?
vt．作(文章)；造(句)；建立(理論等)
construct a sentence造句
construct a theory 建立理論
a well-constructed novel一部結(jié)構(gòu)周密的小說
construction n．建造；建設(shè)
a house of good construction結(jié)構(gòu)良好的房子
The construction of the dam took several years．建筑這座大壩花了許多年。
The airport is under construction．飛機(jī)場(chǎng)正在建設(shè)中。
▲ impress vt 銘刻；給……極深的印象；使感動(dòng)
The book impressed a lot of people． 那本書在很多人心中留下深刻印象。
I was deeply impressed by／at／with his speech．他的演說給我留下深刻印象。
She impressed me as a woman of great kindness．
在我印象中，她是一位非常仁慈的女性。
What impressed me is the beauty of the scenery there．
使我深受感動(dòng)的是當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)景的美麗。
impress sth．on sb．或impress sb．with sth．“使某人銘記某事”
My father impressed on me the importance of work．父親要我銘記工作的重要性。
They impressed On their children the virtue of always telling the truth．
他們要孩子們明白講實(shí)話的美德。
impress ．．on．．．把 ..…印在…..上
be impressed by／at／with 被．．．．所感動(dòng)
be impressed on one's mind／memory被印在腦海里，留下很深的印象
The words“Made in China”was impressed On a metal plate．
“中國(guó)制造”的字樣印在一塊金屬板上。
His parents try to impress On him that it。is very important to be honest．
他的父母盡力讓他記住誠(chéng)實(shí)是很重要的。
We were deeply impressed by his deeds．他的事跡使我深受感動(dòng)。
What he said that day was deeply impressed on my memory．
他那天說的話深深地印在我的腦海里。
[拓展] impression n．印象
leave／make a(an)．．．impression on sb．給某人留下……的印象
▲ equal v．等于，和……相等，抵得上
Three plus seven equals ten． 3+7＝10
None of us can equal her in strength．在力氣方面我們中無人能比得上她。
[拓展]equal可作形容詞，意為“相等的，平等的”，可用于成語be equal to，意為“等于；相當(dāng)于；能勝任的”。如：
Women demand equal pay for equal work．婦女們要求同工同酬。
All men are born equal． 所有的人都生而平等。
Three times two is equal to six． 3X2＝6
I'm not equal to that task． 我不能勝任那項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
▲invited在此表示“被引誘的，被吸引”。invite可表示“邀請(qǐng)；吸引
(attract，tempt)；請(qǐng)求；征求(意見等)”等意。
I decided to invite him to my birthday party．我決定邀請(qǐng)他參加我的生日晚會(huì)。
They invited him to thin it over．他們請(qǐng)求他仔細(xì)考慮一下。
After the speech，he invited questions and suggestions from us．
講完話之后，他征詢我們的問題和意見。
The beautiful flowers invited many bees．那些美麗的花朵招引來了很多蜜蜂。
The dishes look inviting．這些菜看起來很誘人。
He felt invited to go and have a look．他很想去看一看。
▲ sale n．賣；出售
sale n．賣，出售，(常用復(fù)數(shù))銷售活動(dòng)：銷售額：賤賣
for sale待售
on sale上市
Fresh vegetables are on sale here every day．這兒新鮮蔬菜天天有售。
The sale of his house made him had．賣了房子使他很悲傷，
Sales are up this month．這個(gè)月銷售量上升了．
He bought it at a sale. 他是在大賤賣的時(shí)候買下來的。
Have you any pictures for sale? 你有沒有畫要賣?
He received 4000 dollars for the sale of his car． 他把他的汽車賣了4000美元。
The sale of my house hasn't been easy but now Mr．Smith is interested and I hope I'll make the sale today．
我的房子一直不容易賣出去，但現(xiàn)在史密斯先生有興趣要買，我希望今天能做成這筆買賣.
sale在其他名詞首作定語時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù). 常表示“銷售業(yè)務(wù)；銷售額”。
sales department銷售部
salesman n．推銷員
saleswoman/ salesgirl女推銷員
He is in charge of sales．他負(fù)責(zé)銷售。
Sales have gone up this month． 這個(gè)月的銷售量上升了。
sale還作“大甩賣；清倉(cāng)大銷售”解。
a sale price特價(jià)
I got this coat cheap at a sale．我在大減價(jià)時(shí)便宜地得到這件上衣。
on sale "在出售，上市；特價(jià)地，廉價(jià)地”
Will the new product be on sale as early as next month?
這種新產(chǎn)品最早下個(gè)月能上市嗎?
I got this hat on sale； it was very cheap．我是以特價(jià)買的這頂帽子，很便宜。
▲ taste n．愛好．嗜好；鑒賞力；滋味，味道
The food has an attractive taste．這食品的味道很誘人。
She showed good taste in water-colours-她對(duì)水彩畫很有鑒賞力。
Pop music is liked by many people，but it is not to everyone’s taste．
流行音樂有很多人喜歡．但它并不合每個(gè)人的口味。
[短語]in good taste雅致；(行 為)高尚 to taste 隨食用者的口味
[拓展] taste 可作動(dòng)詞，表示 “品嘗(vt./vi．)；吃起來(味道如何link-v．)”
I’ve never tasted snake． 我從未吃過蛇肉。
The dish tastes nice.這菜吃起來味道不錯(cuò)。
When you are ill, you can’t taste properly． 生病時(shí)吃什么都沒有滋味．
taste作系動(dòng)詞表示“嘗起來(味道如何)．其后應(yīng)跟形容詞而非副詞作表語．
▲ experience經(jīng)歷，感受，感到
He experienced a strong feeling of sadness．他感到極度的悲哀。
It was the first time that he had experienced the sense of beauty．
那是他第一次感受到那種美感。
He experienced two world wars．他經(jīng)歷過兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。
experience．．．a(chǎn)s感到……是……，其中as后可跟形容詞、分詞，表示“是……樣子”如：
She experienced Mary as very lovely．她認(rèn)為瑪麗很可愛。
He experiences me as being lacking in humor．他給我的印象是缺乏幽默感。
The theory is experienced as very advanced． 此理論被認(rèn)為非常先進(jìn)。
▲ fit認(rèn)適合，適宜，對(duì)……符合；合體，合身
The music fits my mood．這音樂適合我的心情。
This jacket fits(me)well．這件夾克很合(我的)身。
It doesn't m the facts．這不符合事實(shí)。
[拓展] fit作及物動(dòng)詞，可表示“安裝”；作形容詞，可意為“適合的，得當(dāng)?shù)模喾Q的”。
fit a new lock on the door在門上安把新鎖
fit on試穿
fit in with適應(yīng)，與……處得融洽
fit sb．for．．．使某人能適合或勝任．．．．．
fit sth．to．．．使 ．．．． 與．．．． 相符合／適合
be fit for．．．勝任，適合 ．．．．．
▲ aid，n．援助，支援，幫助；有助益之物，輔助手段，助手
v. 援助，幫助，資助
The UN will go to their aid soon．聯(lián)合國(guó)很快就會(huì)去救援他們的。
They got over a11 the difficulties in the end with his aid．
在他的幫助下，他們終于克服了所有的困難。
The dictionary is a good aid in my studies． 這本詞典對(duì)我的學(xué)習(xí)很有幫助。
I aided her to continue her study．我?guī)椭^續(xù)她的研究。
(詞組)
come／go to one's aid來／去幫助某人
with the aid of．．．在..．． 的幫助下
in aid of．．．作為對(duì)”．．”的幫助，起 ..．．作用
first aid急救
teaching aids教具
hearing aid助聽器
II. 詞組：
▲ act as扮演；擔(dān)當(dāng)；充當(dāng)
A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind man．
經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練的狗可以給盲人充當(dāng)向?qū)А?/p>
act as 后面所接的名詞常可不加冠詞。
He acts as manager．他擔(dān)任經(jīng)理。
He acted as chairman in my absence．我不在場(chǎng)的時(shí)候他來擔(dān)當(dāng)主席。
One of his friends acted as go-between．他的一個(gè)朋友扮演中間人。
▲ despite prep．不管；不顧；任憑
He came to the meeting despite his serious illness．
他不顧重病還是來出席了會(huì)議。
He is very active despite his age． 他年紀(jì)雖大，卻很活躍。
despite相當(dāng)于in spite of，但比in spite of更正式。
The boy went out in spite of his father's orders．
那男孩無視父親的命令，徑自出去了。
She can't see very well in spite of her glasses．她盡管戴著眼鏡還是看不清楚。
▲ set aside儲(chǔ)蓄，保留；擱置(一會(huì)兒)；(暫時(shí))把……放在一邊
I've set aside some money for this journey． 我為這趟旅行存了一些錢。
Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars of his salary．
每周他都盡量從工資中存下幾美元。
Let's set aside our personal feelings． 我們先暫時(shí)拋開個(gè)人的情感。
Peter set aside the papers and reached for a cigarette．
皮特放下手中的文件去摸煙。
▲ according to“根據(jù)，按照’：為短語介詞，與名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞連用。
According to this book，a tiger is really a big cat．
按照這本書的說法，老虎實(shí)際上就是一種大貓。
The fine weather will keep up for a few days，according to today's paper．
根據(jù)今天的報(bào)紙，好天氣會(huì)持續(xù)幾天。
(提示)若其后跟著的是句子，則不能使用according to，而應(yīng)使用according as.
You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad．
將依照你工作的好壞而受到獎(jiǎng)懲。
The thermometer rises Or falls according as the air is hot or cold．
寒暑表隨空氣的冷熱而升降。
▲made of wood = which is made of wood在句中作后置定語，表示木頭做的
be made of 由……制成(制成品能看出原材料來)
be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)
be made out of 由……制成，由……改制成
be made up of 由……組成
be made into 被制成
be made in 制造于
以上詞用于主動(dòng)時(shí)為：make…of．．． 用……制 ……”，make…from, make…out of…,
make up “組成“， make …into “把…制成… “
The world is made up of seven continents and four oceans． 世界是由七人洲四大洋組成的．
The seven people made up a team. 那7個(gè)人組成了一 個(gè)隊(duì)。
▲find “發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到”，表示 “發(fā)現(xiàn)，覺得” 之意時(shí)常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
find sth. /sb. + 介詞短語或副詞
+ doing
+ done
+ 形容詞
find + that 從句
How did you find the talk this morning? 你認(rèn)為今天上午的報(bào)告怎樣?
I'm so glad to find you in，看到你在家我很高興。
When l came to，I found myself in prison．我醒來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在獄里。
When l got there，I found the work done．
當(dāng)我到那里時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)工作已經(jīng)做完了。
I found them playing football there． 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)谀沁吿咦闱颉?/p>
I find this book really interesting．我覺得這本書實(shí)在有趣。
I find it impossible to finish the work in such a short time．
我發(fā)現(xiàn)在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。
I found him to be a liar．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)騙子。
(提示)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)表示主動(dòng)意味(如④)，而過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。
find oneself．．．“發(fā)現(xiàn)自己(處于某種狀態(tài))，不自覺地……”其后可以接現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語等。
He found himself more and more interested in her．他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)她越來越感興趣。
He found himself walking in the direction of the schoo1．
他不自覺地朝著學(xué)校走去。
Then he found himself surrounded by a group of boys．
他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群男孩子圍著。
Suddenly l found myself face to face with my boss．
突然我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與我的老板面對(duì)面。
She found herself out of condition that day． 她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己那一天身體不太好。
▲ go against違反，違背(意愿、原則等)；不利于
I’m not go against my own family. 我不會(huì)背離我自己的家人的。
He was afraid that the battle would go against them．
他害怕那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗會(huì)對(duì)他們不利。
▲take內(nèi)含“吸收，利用”之意；example則意為“實(shí)例，樣本”。
His designs take examples mainly from flowers and plants．
他設(shè)計(jì)的圖案主要是花卉圖樣。
[拓展]
follow(copy)the example of以．．．．為榜樣
for example 例如
let this be an example to sb．把這作為給某人的一個(gè)警告
set sb．a(chǎn)n example為某人樹立榜樣
take．．．for example以……為例
▲full of．．．為形容詞短語作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句which is full of．．．。
(提示)be full of充滿……的，裝滿……的(表狀態(tài))
be filled with裝滿……的(既可表狀態(tài)又可表動(dòng)作)
fill．．．with．．．把……裝滿……
Her eyes were full of tears．她的眼里飽含著淚水。
The hall was filled with angry people．大廳里滿是憤怒的人們。
He filled each of the stockings with Christmas presents．
他把每只長(zhǎng)襪塞滿圣誕節(jié)禮物。
▲ fill up
(1)(＝fill in)填寫
fill up the form填表
(2)盛滿，裝滿，占掉(時(shí)間)
fill up the bottle(＝fill the bottle up)把瓶子裝滿
I filled the room up with furniture．我把房間里裝滿了家具。
Homework fills up almost a11 my spare time every day．
每天家庭作業(yè)幾乎占掉了我所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間，
(3)fill up 也用作不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，意為“變得滿起來，淤積’。
The theatre filled up soon．劇院里很快就坐滿了人。
The room soon filled up with people．房間里很快就擠滿了人。
The river would soon fill up with mud if not dealt with properly．
如果不妥善處理的話，這條河很快就會(huì)積滿了淤泥。
▲ join．．．to．．．把 …和…連接在一起，使 ．．．． 與 ．．． 結(jié)合在一起
You should never join an electric wire to a water pipe．
你永遠(yuǎn)也不要把電線連接到水管上。
The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge．
一座橋把那座島嶼與大陸連接在一起。
▲ keep the rain out 遮雨
keep out擋住，使進(jìn)不去；不要進(jìn)來
The coat is too thin to keep out the cold．大衣太薄擋不住寒氣。
They have shut the door and mean to keep us out．
他們關(guān)著門，也就是不想讓我們進(jìn)去。
At the gate，they saw a notice which said，“Keep out!”
在門口，他們看到一則通告，上面寫道：“切勿入內(nèi)”。
You should keep the dog out of the room．你應(yīng)該別讓狗到房間里來。
[拓展]keep out of可表示“不牽扯進(jìn)去，不惹事，避開”。
You should keep out of these things．你應(yīng)該避開這些事情。
I warned him to keep out of it，but he wouldn't listen．
我警告他讓他別惹事，但他不聽。
▲set aside把……放在一邊，擱置；撥出，留出；不理會(huì)，取消
He set aside the book and turned off the light．他把書放在一邊關(guān)上了燈。
Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars Of his salary．
每周他都設(shè)法從工資中留出幾美元。
The judge set aside the decision of the lower court．
這位法官取消下級(jí)法院的決定。
He set a11 their offers aside．他拒絕接受他們所有的提議。
[拓展]aside adv．到一邊， 向旁邊
Move the table aside．把桌子挪向一邊。
He opened the door and stood aside for her to pass．他打開門站在一邊讓她過去。
(短語)aside from 除了…… lay aside 存蓄
Aside from being fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill．
除了既有趣又是一項(xiàng)很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)外，游泳還是一種非常有用的技能。
⑧She had managed to lay aside 100 dollars。 她設(shè)法存出了100美元。
III.句型：
▲ A is to B what C is to D．是一個(gè)句型，意為“A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣”。
Air is to us what water is to fish．
空氣之于人就如同水之于魚一樣重要。
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals．
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)機(jī)器之關(guān)系猶如心臟對(duì)動(dòng)物之關(guān)系。
We are to them what fish is to water．我們和他們的關(guān)系好像魚兒和水一樣。
Reading is to mind what food is to the body．讀書之于頭腦如同食物之于身體。
An individual is to a country what a screw is to a machine．
一個(gè)人對(duì)于國(guó)家的作用，就如同螺絲釘對(duì)于機(jī)器一樣。
有時(shí)也可把what從句放在句首。
What the blueprint is to the builder the outline is to the writer.
寫作提綱之于作家，就如同藍(lán)圖之于建筑師一樣。
What the leaves are to the forest the children are to the world.
兒童之于世界，就像樹葉之于森林一樣。