知識歸納（BII，U1）
1．undertake vt. 承擔(dān)(工作、責(zé)任等)；承辦；著手做；從事
The lawyer undertook a new case． 那位律師承辦了一件新的案子。
He undertook the difficult task willingly．他欣然承擔(dān)那項(xiàng)困難的工作。
I will undertake the responsibility for you．我會為你負(fù)擔(dān)起責(zé)任。
He undertook a new experiment．他著手一項(xiàng)新的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
Vt. 保證；擔(dān)保；后接動詞不定式或that從句。
He undertook to finish the work by Monday．他擔(dān)保在星期飛以前完成工作。
I can't undertake that you will win in the election．我不能保證你在選舉中會贏。
2．within prep．(表示時間、距離)“在……以內(nèi)”
You will have to finish the work within an hour．你必須在一小時內(nèi)完成工作。
He lives within two miles Of the school. 他家距離學(xué)校不到兩英里。
The station is within walking distance away. 車站離此不遠(yuǎn).
Stay within hearing distance of the house．不要走得太遠(yuǎn)．免得家人呼叫不到。
(表示范圍、程度)“在… 范圍之內(nèi)”
Medicine should not be 1eft within reach of small children．
藥品不可放在幼兒伸手可及的范圍內(nèi)．
They finally come within sight of the shore. 他們終于來到看得見海岸的地方．
It wasn’t within my power to help her. 幫助她井非我力所能從之事。
3．similar adj．相似的；類似的
Our cars arre similar only 1n color． 我們的車子只是顏色類似，
My wife and I have similar tastes in music. 我妻子與我有相似的音樂愛好。
be similar to… 與……相似
My opinions are similar to his. 我的看法與他的相似．
Wheal is similar to barley. 小麥與大麥很相似．
4．go by 走過；過去
A squad car went by at full speed. 一輛巡邏車全速駛過．
He was not，n when I went by． 我過訪的時候．他不在家。
Several years went by before they met again.他們過了好幾年后才再度見面。
As time goes by．His hair is turning gray．隨著時光飛逝。他的頭發(fā)變白丁．
5. engage vt. 使訂婚；常用過去分詞作表語。
be get engaged(to sb)(與某人)訂婚
engage sb．to sb． 使某人與某人訂婚
be engaged to sb. 與某人訂婚(表狀態(tài))
get engaged to sb． 與某人訂婚(表動作)，
My daughter is engaged to a young teacher．我女兒和一位年輕的老師訂婚了．
They got engaged last summer．他們于去年夏天訂了婚．
vt.使從事于；使忙于
engage (oneself)in sth 或be / get engaged in sth．“從事于某事；忙于做某事”
He wants to engage himself in foreign trade．他想從事對外貿(mào)易。
He was engaged in writing letters. 他在忙著寫信。
I cannot go with you. I am engaged. 我不能跟你去．我現(xiàn)在很忙。
… 雇用
He engaged my sister as his secretary．他雇用我妹妹當(dāng)秘書．
6. use up用完；用盡；(用于被動語態(tài))筋疲力盡
He has used up all his money他花光了所有的錢，
We used up all the bread al breakfast. 早飯我們吃光了所有的面包．
The so1dters were after the long battle.
士兵們在經(jīng)過漫長的戰(zhàn)斗后已經(jīng)筋疲力盡了．
7．dream夢想；夢到
She dreamed of success in few years．她夢想幾年后能成功。
I often dreamed of becoming a doctor. 我時常夢想成為一位醫(yī)生。
I dreamed of her last night. 我昨夜夢見她了。
I wouldn't dream of cheating you. 我做夢也沒想要欺騙你呀。
Little / Never did I dream of being elected. 我做夢也沒想到會當(dāng)選。
I never dreamed of there being such a good hotel in this town.
我真沒想到這個城鎮(zhèn)中還有這么好的賓館。
8．seek vt．尋找；探索；追求
He is seeking an answer to the problem．他正在尋找該問題的答案。
They sought shelter from the rain． 他們找尋避雨的地方。
He found訂worthless to seek fame． 他發(fā)現(xiàn)追求名聲是不值得的。
Seek one's／a fortune 追求財(cái)富；碰運(yùn)氣
seek for／after 尋找；追求
She sought for a solution to the problem．她尋找解決該問題的辦法。
He is seeking after wealth and power and position.他追求財(cái)富、權(quán)勢和地位。
vt．嘗試；試圖；后常接動詞不定式作賓語。
He sought to deceive his parents but in vain．他試圖欺騙雙親，但白費(fèi)心機(jī)。
They sought to punish him for his crime but he escaped．
他們試圖懲罰他的罪行，但他卻逃跑了。
9．Turn out結(jié)果(是)；證明(是)；原來(是)；后常接“(to be)+ adj.／n．”，亦可接副詞。
The night turned out cold and rainy．那個晚上結(jié)果是寒冷且下雨。
The rumor turned out(to be)true．那謠言后來證明是真的。
The plan turns out well． 那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃結(jié)果很圓滿。
He turned out(to be)a spy．他竟然是一名間諜。
可構(gòu)成句型：It turns out that…“結(jié)果是……；后來證實(shí) ．．．．．”。
It turns out that she has never been married．結(jié)果是她根本沒結(jié)過婚。
It turned out that two travellers had been killed．后來證實(shí)有兩位旅客喪生。
10．curious adj.好奇的；好求知的；愛打聽隱私的
Don't be so curious! 別那么好奇!
She is too curious about her neighbors’business．她太好管鄰居的閑事。
He was curious to know what would happen．他很想知道會發(fā)生什么事。
I am curious(as to)why she didn't come．我很想知道她為什么沒來。
curiously adv． 好奇地；奇怪地
They looked at her curiously．他們好奇地看著她。
Curiously enough，he didn't Like music．說也奇怪，他并不喜歡音樂。
11．punish vt.懲罰；處罰
The murderer was punished by death． 那殺人犯被處以死刑。
Drunken driving should be punished severely by the law．
酗酒開車應(yīng)受到法律嚴(yán)懲。
He narrowly escaped being punished．他差一點(diǎn)受到懲罰。
常用于punish sb．For doing sth．結(jié)構(gòu)。
His father punished him for telling lies．他父親因他說謊而處罰他。
The teacher punished him for cheating On the exam．
老師因?yàn)樗荚囎鞅锥幜P他。
12． Make a difference產(chǎn)生差別；有影響；起重要作用
I admit that makes a difference．我承認(rèn)那與眾不同。
Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause．
你的支持當(dāng)然會對我們的事業(yè)起作用。
常用 it 作形式主語，后接wh-從句。
It makes a difference which you choose．你選擇哪一個，事關(guān)重大．
It makes no difference which you choose． 不管他去或是不去，對我無關(guān)緊要。
13．march，nt，suit
match v.和……相配；和……相稱；使較量”， 一般指兩樣?xùn)|西互相匹配或兩人的能力勢均力敵．互為對手．
fit v.“使適合；使相配”，一般指衣服、鞋帽等合體、合身．強(qiáng)調(diào)大小、尺寸與某人的身材合適．
suit v．“適合于；相配”一般指氣候、食物、花色．款式、設(shè)計(jì)等適合某人。
This hat matches your jacket perfectly. 這頂帽子跟你的夾克十分相配.
We must find carpets that’ll match the curtain.
我們必須尋找可和這些窗簾搭配的地毯.
I can't match her at chess. 我下棋比不上她.
The two pieces of furniture don't match. 這兩件家具不搭配．
These shoes fit me very well. 這雙鞋子我穿著大小正合適．
I don't think this jacket fits me; it's rather too small.
我想這件上衣不適合我，大小了。
This climate doesn't suit her. 這種氣候不適合她。
Rich food doesn't suit my stomach. 油膩的食物不適合我的胃口。
The color of the dress suits her very well. 這衣物的顏色很適合她．
14． What if倘使……將會怎樣；即使……又有什么要緊
What if they should be thieves? 如果他們是賊的話怎么辦？
What if she finds out that you have lost her book?
倘使她發(fā)現(xiàn)你弄丟了她的書，怎么辦?
What if we fail/failed/should fail? 萬一我們失敗了，怎么辦？
What if a storm should come up? 暴風(fēng)雨要是來了怎么辦？
What if I fail? 即使我失敗了又能怎樣？
what if 還可以用來表示“建議、邀請或要求”，從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時．
15. (辨析)observe與watch
observe vt. 觀察，察覺，遵守，慶祝
(1)當(dāng)“觀察”講時，observe相當(dāng)于watch carefully，尤其用于實(shí)驗(yàn)或研究等場合。
(2)observe可意為“察覺到”(see and notice)，watch意為“盯著看”
(keep one’s eyes fixed on)
(3)watch可意為“觀看(比賽、電視、電影)等”，observe沒有此意。
(4)watch還有“照料”之意，相當(dāng)于take care of，也可意為“當(dāng)心”，相
當(dāng)于be careful with，pay attention to，observe沒有此意。
He often observes the behaviour of birds.
The policeman observed the man open the window.
He observed that it had turned cloudy.
Do they observe Christmas Day in that country? 那個國家的人過圣誕節(jié)嗎?
Anyone who comes here must observe the rules．來的人都必須遵守規(guī)定。
She has observed the stars all her life．她一生都在觀察星星。
They were observed entering the bank at 8：32。他們被看到在8：32進(jìn)了銀行。
They watched the games while sitting under the trees．他們坐在樹下看比賽。
She watched the train until汁disappeared from sight．
她一直看著火車消失在視線之外。
I'll watch the baby while you are away．你不在時由我照料嬰兒。
You'd better watch Smith；I think he is a thief．
你最好當(dāng)心史密斯，我想他是個賊。
Watch that the milk doesn't boil over．注意別讓牛奶煮溢了。
16. doubt
固定句式：There’s no doubt that…
There was no doubt that he had been misunderstood.
There is little doubt that he will succeed.
There is some doubt whether he is guilty.
There's no doubt about／of his honesty．毫無疑問他是誠實(shí)的。
(提示)There's no doubt后接名詞時，需用介詞about或of. 如：
(鏈接)doubt作動詞用時，肯定句中可用whether, if，that引起賓語從句，否定句中只能用that。如：
He doubted whether they would be able to help． 他拿不準(zhǔn)他們是否能幫上忙。
I doubt if he's honest．我懷疑他是否誠實(shí)。
I doubt(that)he will come to the party． 我認(rèn)為他未必會來參加聚會。
He never doubted that they would win the game．
他從來不懷疑他們將贏得那場比賽。
17. debate
debate作動詞用，意為“辯論，爭論，參加辯論”，既可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞。如：
The question Of whether war can be abolished has often been debated．
戰(zhàn)爭能否廢除是人們常常爭論的一個問題。
They were debating about a foolish question．他們在爭論一個愚蠢的問題。
(拓展)debate也可用作名詞。如：
After much debate Harry was chosen captain of the football team．
經(jīng)過許多辯論以后，哈利被選為足球隊(duì)長。
After a long debate the bill was passed by the House Of Com-
mons．經(jīng)過長時間的辯論以后，該議案在下議院通過。
(辨析)debate，argue，discuss與quarrel
(1)debate to argue about sth. ,usually in an effort to persuade other
people 辯論的目的在于說服對方
(2)argue to present reasons for or against sth．，especially clearly
and in proper order 條理清楚地提出贊成或反對某事的理由
(3)discuss to talk about(sth．with sb．)from several points of view
從不同的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，討論某事