新目標（ go for it ）知識語法點詳解－ Unit 1。 How do you study for a test ?

SECTION A.

1. How的用法： ① How are you ? How do you do ? ② How old are you ?

③ “距離”How far ( away ) is A from B ?

④how long “多久” → for / since + 一段時間 ,謂語常用延續(xù)性動詞. “多長”

e.g.--- How long can I keep the book ? --- For two weeks .

⑤how soon “要過多久?” → in + 一段時間 , 時態(tài)多為將來時, 謂語常用終止性動詞.

e.g. --- How soon will you get back ? --- In an hour .

⑥how often “多久一次?” → 頻率

e.g. How often do you go to the park ? Once a week / Very often / Never / Sometimes .

⑦ How many / much “多少” How about “表建議”

2. ☆ V.+ by + 動名詞 “ 通過某種方式。。”

e.g. How do you study for a test ? I study by asking the teacher for help .

[ ① ask sb for help “向…求助” ② ask for leave（請假） I will ask for two days’ sick leave .

③“出價” He asked me 110 yuan for the bike .④ask…to（邀請某人）We asked him to come again .]

e.g. She studies by making vocabulary lists .

[① make sth“制作…” ② make+n.+adj.“使…處于某種狀態(tài)” The news made him worried.

③ make ＋ 賓語 ＋ 動詞原形 （迫使某人做某事）（使役動詞）He made me do it again.

短語：make mistakes make a mistake make friends make the bed make tea make it

make money make faces make a noise make one’s way to make room for make up ]

e.g. The best way to learn new words was by reading English magazines.

3. study & learn 區(qū)別: ( study 強調(diào)“研究” study the pronunciation of English “研究英語發(fā)音”)

⑴learn可接不定式短語,study則不能; e.g. It’s never too old to learn .

⑵ learn可指學習某人的品質(zhì)和精神, study則不能; e.g. We must learn from Lei Feng .

⑶ 對比工作強調(diào)上學時只能用study . e.g. Are you still studying at school ? 研究

4. aloud adv. “大聲地(人聲)” e.g. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ?

Loudly adv。“吵鬧地（各種聲音）”e.g. They are dancing in the house loudly .

loud adj&adv “大聲的/地(人聲)” e.g. He broke the window with a loud voice. Don’t talk so loud.

5. pronounce v. make the sound of “發(fā)…音” Do you know how to pronounce the letter ?

pronunciation n.（可數(shù)）“發(fā)音，讀音”

6．ever adv. “曾經(jīng)”（多用于現(xiàn)在完成時“完成用法”，特點：☆與瞬間動詞連用 ）

☆－Have you ever … ? －Yes, I have. / just once . －No, not even once. / never .

Have you ever been to…? --I’ve never been there (twice) / Only once / Several times

7．I have learned a lot that way . a lot = a lot of things 其他用法： I like apples a lot / very much .

way “①方式,方法 ②路” e.g. That’s the best way to learn English well . Which is the way to…?

8. It improves my speaking skills . [ be skillful at / in / with = be good at …]

9. It’s too hard to understand the voices .

It’s + adj.形＋( for sb )＋to do e.g. It’s difficult (for me) to swim very well .

voice “（人的）語聲、嗓音” e.g. He has lost his voice ,because of a bad cold .

noise “聲音，噪音” e.g. Don’t make so much noise . make a noise →adj. noisy

sound “（各種）聲音” v. sound like… “聽起來” He listen to the sad _____ of the sea.

例題： e.g. Let’s go outside . There is too much _____ here . Did you hear the ____ of music ?

10. specific adj. “具體的，明確的” specification n. general adj. “普遍的，全面的”

e.g. Some students had more specific suggestion . “一些學生有更多的明確的建議。”

例題： Though he said a lot , he didn’t produce a _______ suggestion .

A. clever B. sure C. correct D. specific

11. differently adv. “不同地，有區(qū)別地” e.g. Wei Ming feels differently .

different adj. be different from….(與…不同) e.g. Cars are different from buses .

difference (可數(shù)名詞) e.g. There are some differences between cars and buses .

12. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時： 表示從過去某一時間開始到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動作 。（常用延續(xù)性動詞）

構(gòu)成： have / has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞

常與：① since引導(dǎo)從句和for短語 ② all day , all the time , this week ,these days 等連用。

e.g. He has been learning English for six years and really loves it .

I’ve been playing computer since I came back / for two hours .

13. Sometimes , however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly .

⑴ however ①“然而，但是（可放句首、中和尾）→but只能放句首。I made a mistake , however.

②“無論如何（no matter how ）”e.g. However difficult it is ,I’ll work hard .

⑵ I find it frustrating that I can’t pass this exam .

⑶ quick（adj.）-quickly(adv) 動作迅速

fast (形，副) 運動速度快

soon 馬上 (時間快)

例題： See you ______ . He runs _____ . He is a _____ worker .

14．have fun (不可數(shù)名詞 ) = enjoy oneself 過得愉快 = have a good / wonderful time

15. add ① “加” e.g. Add three to six you get nine . ② “補充說” e.g. “I’m coming .” Lucy added.

16. We get excited about something and end up speaking in Chinese .

⑴ excite (v.) “使(sb)興奮” sth excites sb “某事使某人感到興奮” e.g. The news excited us .

excited (adj.) “興奮的/激動的(指人對…感到興奮)” be excited about / at … “對…感到興奮”

e.g. We were excited about/ at the news. We were excited to hear the news .

exciting (adj.) “…使人興奮的(指事物本身使人感到興奮)”

e.g. We had an exciting party yesterday . He told us an exciting news just now .

例題： The _______ story made us ________ a lot .

⑵ end up = end 反義詞組： begin / start with ( end up doing sth = finish doing sth )

at the end of …“在…的末尾、末端” e.g. at the end of the concert at the end of the road

in the end “最后”，“終于” (at last, finally ) In the end I decided to stay here.

Section B.

1. To begin with , she spoke too quickly and I couldn’t understand every word .

⑴ to begin with “首先，起初”＝ start with = at first

⑵ not every 部分否定 “不是每一個” e.g. Not all of us like playing computers .

2. real (adv.) “真正的” – realize ( v. ) “認識,領(lǐng)悟” [ 后跟名詞,代詞或從句. ]

e.g. You didn’t realize your mistakes . I didn’t realize it until you told me .

3. be afraid of ( doing )… “害怕…” e.g. I’m afraid of snakes .

be afraid to do sth “害怕做…” e.g. All of us were afraid to do the work .

be afraid + 從句 “恐怕…”( 表委婉的拒絕 ) e.g. I’m afraid I can’t .

4. later on adv. “后來，以后”e.g. I’ll be seeing you later on .

(一段時間＋later on）e.g. I’ll meet you a few days later on. 幾天后我會見你的。

no later than “不遲于…” sooner or later “遲早”

5．laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 make sentences 造句 take/ make/ write notes 記筆記

enjoy/ like doing sth 喜歡做某事 = have fun doing sth ☆have trouble doing sth 做某事有困難

6．impress vt. ( influence deeply ) “給…深刻印象”

① impress sb. with sth e.g. Lucy impressed me with her loveliness .

② impress sth on sb e.g. I impressed on him the importance of his work..

③ be impressed by / with “被…留下深刻印象” e.g. I was impressed with his words .

Self check

write down ( 動＋副 )“記下” Please write them down .（代詞在中，名詞中后皆可）

This kind of paper feels very soft . 感觀動詞“摸起來” 實義動詞“感覺，認為”I feel he has done his best.

make up conversation “編對話” make up （化妝，編借口…,組成）

make up one’s mind ( to do ) “決心要做某事” = decide to do sth

What do you think you’re doing ？“插入語”

Reading

1. ask & answer → question solve → problem

2. And unless we deal with our problems , we can easily become unhappy .

① unless ( if…not ) “除非, 如果不…” e.g. I will not go unless I hear from him .

e.g. Don’t come unless I call you . = Don’t come if I don’t call you .

② deal with (← how ) = do with（what）“處理，對付”（That’s a deal ! “成交了”= It’s a deal）

e.g. How shall we deal with the thief ? = What are we to do with the thief ?

3. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school .

① worry about “為…擔心” ② affect “影響、感動、假裝、喜愛” I was affected by his words.

4. influence ①n.“影響力，權(quán)力”e.g. the influence of the rain on trees “雨水對樹木的影響”

②v. “對…有影響” e.g. It can also influence the way we behave with our families .

5. be angry at / with sb “對…某人生氣” e.g. Gina is angry with her sister .

be angry at / about sth “對…某事生氣” e.g. Mr Yang was angry with Gina’s homework .

get angry “生氣” make sb angry “使某人生氣”

6. stay + 表語 “保持…”（=remain ）e.g. Sometimes, people can stay angry for years …

7. Time goes by , and good friendships may be lost .

① go by “走過，按照” e.g. She wasn’t at home when I went by yesterday .

② lose（語氣較強）& miss（發(fā)現(xiàn)丟失）

e.g. You said you had lost your book . When did you miss it ?

作定語或表語時：lose －lost（過分） miss － missing（動名）

e.g. My new bike is missing . I’ll pay for the lost books.

be lost “迷路的” = get lost e.g. I was / got lost in the big city .

8. strict adj. “嚴格的，精確的” be strict with sb / in sth “對…嚴格要求”

9. change…into… “把…變成…”

regard …as… “把…看作…” = treat …as… = have / take / look on / think of …as…

not at all “根本不” e.g. I don’t like milk at all .