基礎知識
SB3A Units13-16
一 . 知識菜單
( 一 ) 常用單詞
1. reception considerate cigar splendid coincidence tension elegant prescription drawer theft religious enquiry assistance vital guilty convince assume cancel meanwhile remark innocent commit straightforward humorous ant bee transparent dot apparent sideways precise adequate clarify fetch upward disgusting psychology adaptation camel primitive missile session annual acknowledge elder eyesight beneficial communist eager timetable starve adjustment jeans uniform casual shopkeeper recent whereas possess barber typist receptionist greengrocer astronaut adore vacant outstanding assess salary flexible occupation instant nevertheless shortly drawback applicant accommodation addition qualification modest arithmetic paperwork draft
2. astonish/ astonished/ astonishing/ astonishment
3. stain vt./ n.
4. surrounding/ surround/ surrounded
5. troop vi./ n.
6. semicircle/ circle
7. maximum/ minimum
8. changeable/ change/ changing/ changed
9. breathless/ breath/ breathe
10. weekly/ daily/ monthly/ yearly
11. satisfaction/ satisfy/ satisfied/ satisfying/ satisfactory
12. worthwhile/ worth/ worthy
13. mature adj./ vt./ vi.
14. chef/ cook/cooker
15. accountant/ account
16. adviser/ advise/ advice
17. personnel/ person
常用詞組
1. get hold of
2. tell…apart/ tell…between…and
3. over and over again/ again and again
4. come to light
5. as a matter of fact/ in fact/ actually
6. straight away
7. fit in(with)
8. due to/ thanks to / owing to/ because of
9. in many respects
10.keep/ get in touch with
11. up to date/ out of date
12. hold back
13. send off
( 二 ) 重點語法: Integrative language practice
二. 疑難點撥
1. astonish
vt.
使吃驚,使驚訝
We were astonished at the news of her sudden death.
她突然去世的消息使我們震驚。
He gave her an astonished look.
他驚異地看了她一眼。
比較：amaze
vt.
使大為驚奇,使驚愕,使驚嘆
I was amazed at/by your performance.
你的演出使我贊嘆不已。
Your knowledge amazes me.
你的學識使我驚嘆不已。
2. guilty
adj.
1.) 有罪的,犯...罪的[(+of)]
be guilty of a crime 犯了罪
He was found guilty.
他被判有罪。
2.) 有過失的[(+of)]
The manager was guilty of an important misjudgment.
經理犯了一個重大的判斷錯誤。
3.) 自知有過錯的,內疚的
I felt guilty after breaking my promise.
我違背諾言后感到內疚。
3. stain
vt.
1.) 沾污,污染[(+with)]
His teeth are stained with years of smoking.
他的牙齒因長年吸煙而變黃了。
Blood stained the blanket.
血沾污了毯子。
2.) 玷污,敗壞
His crimes stained the family honor.
他的罪行玷污了家庭的名譽。
3.) 給(木材,玻璃等)染色,給...著色
She stained the table brown.
她將桌子涂成了棕色。
vi.
變臟;被沾污
His character is without stain.
他的人品純潔無瑕。
These carpets won't stain easily.
這些地毯不易弄臟。
n.
污點,污跡,瑕疵[C]
He's got an ink stain on his shirt.
他襯衫上有塊墨漬。
4. convince
vt.
使確信,使信服;說服[(+of)]
He convinced me of his innocence.
他使我相信他是無辜的。
I was convinced that he knew the truth.
我確信他知道事實。
5. cancel
vt.
1.) 刪去,劃掉;勾銷,蓋銷(郵票等)
You should cancel this preposition in the sentence.
你應該刪去句子中的這個介詞。
2.) 取消,廢除;中止
The game was cancelled because of the rain.
比賽因為下雨而取消了。
vi.
1.) 互相抵消
The $5 I owed him and the $5 he owes me cancel out.
他與我各欠對方五元,正好相互抵消。
2.) 取消;中止
n.[C]
刪除;取消;撤銷
6. meanwhile
n.
其時,其間[the sing.]
In the meanwhile I'll visit an old friend of mine.
在這期間我將去拜訪我的一位老朋友。
adv.
其間;同時
Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.
母親去買東西;我打掃屋子。
7. innocent
adj.
1.) 無罪的,清白的[(+of)]
He was pronounced innocent of the charge.
他被宣告無罪。
2.) 無害的
The butterfly is an innocent insect.
蝴蝶是一種無害的昆蟲。
3.) 天真的,單純的;幼稚的;頭腦簡單的,愚鈍的
Don't be so innocent as to believe everything he says.
不要這么天真,竟相信他所說的一切。
8. commit
vt.
1.) 犯(罪),做(錯事等)
I committed an error in handling the business.
我在處理這一業務時犯了一個錯誤。
2.) 使承擔義務;使作出保證;使表態[(+to)]
He didn't commit himself to anything.
他沒有作任何承諾。
3.) 把...交托給;把...提交給;把...付諸[(+to)]
The child was committed to the nurse's care.
孩子被交給護士照顧。
4.) 把...押交;把...判處[(+to)]
The judge committed him to ten years' imprisonment.
法官判處他十年徒刑。
9. get hold of
抓住，找到
How soon can you get hold of that young man?
你多快可以找到那個年輕人？
類似的詞組：catch/ seize hold of抓住 lay hold of/on = take hold of握住，控制住
10. tell…apart
分辨
Can you tell the twin sisters apart?
你分得清這兩個孿生姐妹嗎?
11. surrounding
n.
環境;周圍的事物[pl.]
He didn't pay much attention to his surroundings.
他沒有多注意他周圍的環境。
adj.
周圍的;附近的
Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside.
狐貍開始從附近的鄉下跑進來。
12. troop
n.[C]
1.) 軍隊,部隊[pl.]
The enemy troops withdrew.
敵軍撤退了。
2.) 一群;大量,許多[(+of)]
The old man was surrounded by a troop of children.
老人被一群孩子圍住了。
A troop of children rushed in and chased each other noisily.
一群小孩沖進來,喧鬧地彼此追逐。
vi.
1.) 群集,集合[(+up/together)]
2.) 成群結隊地走
They all trooped into the meeting.
他們都成群結隊前去參加會議。
13. come to light
暴露,真相大白
The puzzled thing came to light when the politician was seen with the lady.
當有人看到那位政客跟那位女士在一起時, 那件讓人不解的事就真相大白了。
A political scandal has recently come to light.
最近一樁政治丑聞暴露出來。
14. fetch（雙向）
vt.
1.) (去)拿來;去拿...給
Fetch your supper yourself, Robert.
羅伯特,你自己去拿晚餐吧。
2.) 去請...來,接...去
Yes, I've come to fetch you.
是的,我來接你。
比較：carry, bring和take
carry（沒有方向）
vt.
1.) (用手、肩等)挑,抱,背,提,扛,搬,運送,運載;搬運
David went in, carrying his suitcase.
戴維提著手提箱走了進去。
We carried the boxes into the room.
我們將箱子搬進室內。
The city subways carry hundreds of thousands of passengers a day.
市內的地鐵每天運載數十萬乘客。
2.) 攜帶,佩帶
I never carry much money with me.
我身上從來不帶太多的錢。
bring (從別的地方把人或物帶到說話人說在的地方)
vt.
帶來,拿來
The waitress brought us a pitcher of lemonade.
服務員小姐給我們送來一壺檸檬水。
Please don't forget to bring your grammar books next time.
下次請別忘記帶你們的語法書來。
take (與bring方向相反)
vt.
1.) 拿走,取走;奪取,占領
Don’t forget to take your bag with you.
別忘了把你的書包隨身帶走。
The airport had been taken by daybreak.
天亮前機場就被攻占了。
2.) 帶去;帶領
Dad took us to the museum last Friday.
上星期五爸爸帶我們去博物館。
15. changeable
adj.
1.) 易變的;不定的
His temper's been changeable this week, so don't annoy him.
這星期他脾氣變化無常,所以不要惹他生氣。
2.) 可改變的,可能被改變的
3.) 閃光的;閃色的
changeable silk
閃光絲綢
-able 常附在動詞或名詞的后面構成形容詞，表示“可…..的”，“能……的”。以able 為后綴的單詞常見的還有：eatable, suitable, bearable, saleable, washable, loveable, debatable, breakable
16. weekly/ daily/ monthly/ yearly既是形容詞又是副詞，還可以是名詞。
大多數以結尾的詞是副詞，但部分是形容詞，主要有：
brotherly, sisterly, motherly, manly, womanly, kingly, queenly，lonely, lovely, unseemly, friendly kindly, gentlemanly
17. satisfaction
n.
1.) 滿意,滿足;稱心[U][(+with/at)]
He smiled in satisfaction when he won the race.
他贏得賽跑后滿意地笑了。
2.) 快事,樂事;愉快[C][sing.]
Playing tennis is one of his greatest satisfactions.
打網球是他最大的樂趣之一。
比較：satisfactory / satisfied (adj.)
satisfactory差強人意的;符合要求的;良好的 （指對事物的滿意狀態，不用來指人）
Of all the pens he tried, only one was satisfactory.
在他所試的筆中,只有一支是令人滿意的。
Your son’s work is satisfactory, but he could do better.
你兒子的工作做得不錯，但他還能作得更好。
satisfied感到滿意的; 令人滿意的; 滿足的
He had a satisfied expression on his face.
他臉上露出滿意的神情。
Most of the people were completely satisfied with the result.
大多數人對結果都非常滿意。
18. eager
adj.
1.) 熱心的,熱切的
He looked around the circle of eager faces.
他看了看四周熱切的臉龐。
2.) 渴望的,急切的 [(+for)][+to-v][+(that)]
She is eager for success.
她渴望成功。
Maggie was eager to visit me.
麥琪急于來看我。
The committee is eager that all the workers should come on time.
委員們熱切希望所有的工人按時上班。
比較：anxious
adj.
1.) 焦慮的,掛念的[(+about/at/for)]
I'm anxious about her safety.
我對她的安全擔心。
2. )令人焦慮的
The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us.
鬧水災的那一星期是使我們大家都焦慮不安的日子。
3.) 渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v][+that]
We're anxious for your safe return.
我們盼望你平安歸來。
We were anxious that there be no misunderstanding.
我們極愿沒有誤解。
I could see that she was anxious for Laura to go.
我看得出她巴望勞拉去。
I'm really anxious to see him.
我急于見他。
19. worthwhile
adj.
1.) 值得花費時間(或金錢)的,值得做的
It proved worthwhile to make the trip.
此行證明是值得的。
2.) 有真實價值的
You'd better spend your time on some worthwhile reading.
你最好把時間花在讀一些有價值的書上。
比較：worth 和worthy
worth可以用作名詞和介詞。作名詞時，為不可數名詞，表示“價值”或“（值某價額的）數量”。
Give me five yuan’s worth of twenty-fen and fifty-fen stamps.
給我五元的兩角和五角的郵票。
He bought two dollars’ worth of sugar.
他買了二元錢的糖。
The furniture is of little worth.
這些家具沒有什么價值。
worth 作介詞時，只能用作表語，與be 連用，其后常跟錢數或相當于錢數的詞，表示 “值多少錢”；跟v-ing 形式表示“值得（做）……主動形式表被動。
It is worth much more than I paid for it.
它的價值遠遠超過我所付的錢。
She’s not worth getting angry with. = It is not worth getting angry with her. （It作形式主語）
犯不上跟她生氣。
The picture is worth looking at. = It is worth looking at the picture. （It作形式主語）
這幅畫值得一看。
worth 前面的表示程度的修飾語一般用well ，不用very。
The story is well worth listening to.
這故事很值得一聽。
worthy
adj.
1.) 有價值的;可尊敬的;相稱的
She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause.
她愿為高尚的事業捐款。
2.) 值得的,配得上的,足以...的 [(+of + n. )][+to-v] [(+of + being done)]
The cause is worthy of our continued support.
這一事業值得我們繼續不斷的支持。
She is worthy to receive such honor. (主動形式)
她應該得到此榮譽。
She is worthy to be chosen. (被動形式)
她值得當選。
This novel is worthy of being translated.
這部小說值得翻譯。
worth和 worthy 在表示“值得”這一意思時，其句型結構可以互相轉換。
You are worth praising.
You are worthy of praise.
You are worthy to be praised.
You are worthy of being praised.
你值得表揚。
20. starve
vi.
1.) 餓死;挨餓
The explorers starved to death in the desert.
探險者們在沙漠中餓死了。
2.) 【口】餓得慌
Let's get something to eat; I'm starving.
我們吃點東西吧;我餓壞了。
3.) 渴望;極需要[(+for)]
The plants are starving for water.
這些植物極需要水。
21. fit in (with)
1.） 適合
fit in with the need of…適合……的需要
2.） 與...一致;使與...一致
fit in with other employees與其他雇員配合
22. mature
adj.
1.) 成熟的;釀熟的;成年人的
This is the most mature of his plays.
這是他最成熟的一部劇作。
She has the figure of a mature woman.
她有成年女性的體型。
2.) 穩重的;慎重的,周到的
Can't you behave in a mature way?
你的舉止不能穩重一點嗎?
vi.
變成熟;長成;釀成
Wine and judgement mature with age.
酒陳味香,人老識深。
vt.
1.) 使成熟;使長成
Her responsibilities matured her at an early age.
她肩負的責任使她早熟。
2.) 慎重作出;使完善
He matured his plans for the long trip.
他為這次長途旅行仔細地作了計劃。
23. casual
adj.
1.) 偶然的,碰巧的
My car had stalled and I sought help from casual passers-by.
我的車發動不起來了,我就向碰巧路過的人求助。
2.) 隨便的,漫不經心的
He tried to appear casual.
他試圖顯得隨便一點。
3.) 臨時的,不定期的
He worked as a casual laborer and did not earn much.
他當臨時工,沒有賺多少錢。
24. adore
vt
1.) 崇拜,崇敬;敬重
People adore him for his noble character.
人們因他人格高貴而敬重他。
2.) 愛慕,熱愛
We adore our sisters and brothers.
我們愛自己的兄弟姐妹。
3.) 【口】極喜歡[+v-ing]
She adores going to the theater.
她就是愛看戲。
I adore chocolate.
我非常喜歡巧克力。
25. personnel
n.[G]
1. )(總稱)人員,員工
All personnel of the company are eligible for the retirement plan.
公司所有員工都有資格參加這項退休計劃。
2. )人事部門; 人事科(或室等)[U]
Please contact the personnel director for benefit information.
有關福利方面的情況請與人事課長聯系。
26. send off
寄出；發出；派遣；解雇；給……送行
You fill in both parts of the form, then send it off.
你把表格的兩部分都填好,然后寄出。
和send 有關的常見詞組：send away 發送掉；解雇 send back 退還，送還
send for 派人去請；召喚 send forth發出；放出（光、熱等）
send out 發送出，派遣；放出，散發出 send up發射；長出
send的用法：
1) send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb.把某物送給或寄給某人，可以主語派人送，也可以親自送
Did they send any message by you?
他們托你給我捎了什么信兒了嗎？
Can you send me the bill before the end of the month?
你能在月底以前把帳單給我送來嗎？
2) send for sb./ sth. 派人去叫某人，派人去拿某物
Now please send for a taxi.
現在請派人叫出租車來。
Please keep these things until I send for them.
請替我保管這些東西，等我派人來取。
3) send sb./ sth. to運輸某人/某物去（某處），派某人去某地
They send their product to Beijing for sale.
他們把產品運往北京銷售。
We will send him to America for further study.
我們要送他去美國深造。
4) send sb. to do 派某人去做（某事）
We’ll send someone to fetch it.
我們將派人去取。
They will send him to work in the countryside.
他們將派他去農村工作。
5) send sb. doing 使某人做某事(cause sb. to do)
Mind how you go---- you nearly sent me flying.
小心點，你差點把我撞倒。
They killed 38 enemies and sent the rest fleeing.
他們打死38個敵人，其余的都逃竄了。