Unit 20 Humor
一、單元小結(jié)
1、詞匯
2、短語(yǔ)
3、交際用語(yǔ)表達(dá)打算和計(jì)劃（Expressing intentions an plans）
4、 語(yǔ)法 (The –ing Form-used as Attribute and Object Complement)
二、重難、難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容講解
humor (=humour) 幽默；詼諧；心情；情緒 He has no sense of humour. (感受幽默的能力)
out of humor 心情不好；不高興 humored adj. 具有心情的
good-humored 情緒良好的 ill-humored 心情不佳的
humorous adj. 富于幽默感的；滑稽的 bitter adj. 苦的;
The soup is bitter.
a bitter pill (to swallow)不得不接受的苦衷
chalk [C & U] 粉筆
① a piece of chalk 一支粉筆 ②a box of coloured chalks 一盒彩色粉筆
③as different as chalk and cheese 截然不同的 ④not by a long chalk 一點(diǎn)也不；絲毫不
The problem isn’t solved yet, not by a long chalk. 問(wèn)題還沒(méi)解決，還差得遠(yuǎn)呢。
intend 想要；打算；
①what do you intend to do/doing today? 你今天打算做些什么？ (intend to do/doing)
②They intend that this reform shall be carried through this year. (intend that…)
他們計(jì)劃今年完成這一改革。
③I intend them to see the result soon. 我打算讓他們?cè)琰c(diǎn)看到結(jié)果。 (intend sb. to do)
④His son is intended for the medical profession. 他計(jì)劃讓他的兒子習(xí)醫(yī)。 (intend for…)
(have a plan for sth. in one’s mind usu. use pass.v 為…而準(zhǔn)備；預(yù)定)
intention n. 打算；意圖；目的
①I(mǎi)f I’ve hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention.
如果我傷害了你的感情，那完全是無(wú)意的。
②He’s full of good intentions, but can’t really do anything to help.
他雖然一片好心，但是實(shí)際上卻幫不上什么忙。
certain 確定的；無(wú)疑的；某種
There are certain reasons why his temper became very bad.
有某些原因使得他的脾氣變的很壞。（某種）
②She is certain to pass the exam. (be certain to do sth.) 她肯定會(huì)考試及格。（確定的，無(wú)疑的）
③She was quite certain about/of it. (be certain about/of ) 她對(duì)此很有把握。（確定的，無(wú)疑的）
④We’re not certain where he lives. (be certain that) 我們不敢肯定他住在哪兒。（確定的，無(wú)疑的）
⑤We went to the theatre early and made certain we all got seats. (make certain確保；使確實(shí))
我們很早就去劇場(chǎng)，以確保我們?nèi)巳硕加凶弧?/p>
amuse vt. 使發(fā)笑；給…提供娛樂(lè)
①We amused ourselves by playing games. 我們玩游戲自?shī)首詷?lè)。（給…提供娛樂(lè)）
②His answer amused me very much. 他的回答使我覺(jué)得很好笑。（使發(fā)笑）
amusement n. 快樂(lè)；娛樂(lè)；消遣 amusing adj. 引人發(fā)笑的；好笑的
be amused at (by, with) 對(duì)...感到有趣 appreciate 賞識(shí)；了解，理解；感激；增值
①His abilities were not appreciated in his job. （vt. 賞識(shí)；欣賞）
② I don’t think you appreciate the difficulties it will cause.
我認(rèn)為你不完全了解這件事回造成怎樣的困難。
I appreciate that this is not an easy decision for you to make.
我完全理解你作出這項(xiàng)決定是不容易的。 （to understand fully; recognize 了解；理解）
③I’d appreciate it if you would turn the radio down. (=please turn it down)
（vt. to be thankful or grateful for 感激） 請(qǐng)你把收音機(jī)的音量挑低一些。
④Houses in this area have all appreciated (in value) since the new road was built. vi.（財(cái)產(chǎn)等）增值
自從新路修好之后，這個(gè)地區(qū)的房產(chǎn)都增值了。
appreciation n. 欣賞；賞識(shí)；評(píng)論；增值
appreciative adj. 感激的；贊賞的be ~ of sth
suffer v. 忍受；遭受…痛苦；容忍
①he died very quickly, he didn’t suffer much.
他死得很快，沒(méi)有受多少痛苦。（遭受痛苦）
②She was very generous to him but she suffered for it when he ran away with all her money.
她對(duì)他非�？犊蠓�，但他卻把她的錢(qián)財(cái)席卷一空逃跑了，這使她吃足了苦頭。（suffer for sth. 受損失）
③If you break the law, you must be prepared to suffer the consequences.
如果你犯法，你就要準(zhǔn)備承擔(dān)后果。（承受）
④He doesn’t suffer fools. 他對(duì)蠢人沒(méi)有耐心。（容忍，忍受）
⑤She suffers from headaches. 她患頭痛病。
suffer from… 為…所苦 esp.over a long period of time
operate v. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn); 操作；經(jīng)營(yíng)；生效，起作用；動(dòng)手術(shù)
①The machine is operating well now. 這部機(jī)器現(xiàn)在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得不錯(cuò)。（運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)）
②Do you know how to operate the heating system? 你知道怎么操作這加熱系統(tǒng)嗎？（vt. 操作）
③Our company operates in several countries. 我們公司在好幾個(gè)國(guó)家有業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。（vi. 經(jīng)營(yíng)）
operating losses 經(jīng)營(yíng)損失
④The new law operates against us. 這項(xiàng)新法律對(duì)我們不利。（vi. 起作用）
⑤I’m afraid we’ll have to operate on that patient. 恐怕我們要給那位病人開(kāi)刀了。（vi. 動(dòng)手術(shù)）
operating system 電腦的操作系統(tǒng)
operating theatre 手術(shù)室
operation n. 操作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；手術(shù) 操作的；有效的；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的
direction n. 方向；指導(dǎo)
directions（復(fù)數(shù)形式）指示；說(shuō)明書(shū)
①She drove off in the direction of London. 她驅(qū)車(chē)朝倫敦方向駛?cè)ァ?towards London)
②Our company is under the direction of a good manager. 我們公司由一位好經(jīng)理管理。
③His greatest problem is that he has no sense of direction.
他最大的問(wèn)題是自己毫無(wú)目標(biāo)。（=lack direction）
④Follow the directions on the paper please. 請(qǐng)按照紙上的用法說(shuō)明去做。 （復(fù)數(shù)形式）指示；說(shuō)明書(shū)
rude
不禮貌的；粗魯?shù)模缓?jiǎn)陋的
①Don’t be so rude to your father. 不要對(duì)你爸爸那樣沒(méi)禮貌！(be rude to sb.)
②It’s very rude of her to leave without telling us.
她不和我們打聲招呼就走了，這是非常不禮貌的。 (be rude of sb to do sth.)
三、重難點(diǎn)句子講解
1、 It’s their clothes, make-up and the way they walk that makes people laugh.
逗人們笑的是他們的衣著、打扮和走路姿勢(shì)。
It is (was)…that(who)…是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分通常位于It is/was后,that/who前。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人可用that,也可用who;如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事或物，則只能用that.
Eg: 我昨天在街上遇到了那位有名的歌手。
①I(mǎi)t was I who met that famous singer on the street yesterday. （是我而不是別人遇到，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）
②It was on the street that I met that famous singer yesterday.
（是在大街上而不是在別的地方，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）
It was yesterday that I met that famous singer on the street.
（是昨天遇到的而不是別的時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）
注意：只要把需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分提到It is/was后that/who前，所以去掉這個(gè)句型，原句還是完整的。
I met that famous singer on the street yesterday.
3、 Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertain the audience with word play. 中國(guó)喜劇的典型是相聲，兩個(gè)滑稽演員通過(guò)玩弄辭藻來(lái)逗樂(lè)觀眾。
說(shuō)明:這是一句倒裝句，其主語(yǔ)the crosstalk show, typical 是 adj. 作表語(yǔ)。原來(lái)句子順序是The crosstalk show, …, is typical for China. 由于show后面跟了一句較長(zhǎng)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡，所以把表語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞前置。
4、Skilled artists make use of all the richness of the spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.
技藝高超的藝術(shù)家利用豐富多彩的口語(yǔ)，創(chuàng)造出連綿不絕的樂(lè)趣。
①make use of 利用某事物或某人 (=use)
make（good/full）use of sth. to do/doing
Students should make（full）use of their time to study. 學(xué)生們應(yīng)該（充分）利用他們的時(shí)間去學(xué)習(xí)。
② a flow of 某事物的持續(xù)或連續(xù)供應(yīng)。
the constant flow of information 源源不斷的信息 cut off the flow of oil 切斷石油輸送
5、 I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!
我決定將整件事情當(dāng)作一個(gè)大笑話。
look on…as… = consider…as
(把…看作…) = regard…as = think of …as = treat… as
Eg:
I looked on it as a great honor. 我把這看作是一種很大的榮幸。
We can’t look on the enemy as friends. 我們不能把敵人當(dāng)作朋友。
6、The interview went very well. 面試進(jìn)展得很順利。
go: 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行，在不同的情況下有不同的譯法。
But things do not go according to plan. 但是形勢(shì)并沒(méi)按計(jì)劃發(fā)展。
Everything goes well with me. 一切對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)都很順利。
When his work wasn’t going right, he was restless.
當(dāng)工作不順利的時(shí)候，他感到煩躁不安。
7、People make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.
（1）make sb./sth. do sth. 常見(jiàn)的使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞如：
make, let, have, feel, listen to, hear, look at, observe, see, notice, watch…等，后面常接省略了to的不定式做其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
Eg: Don’t have him stand outside. 不要讓他站在外面。 Let me see. 讓我想想。
注意：當(dāng)以上的詞用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中（let 和 have 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式），其主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)都要加上to.
Eg: We were made to work more than ten hours a day. 我們過(guò)去被迫每天工作十多個(gè)小時(shí)。
（2）make fun of 嘲笑 =laugh at;play jokes on
Don’t make fun of others. 不要取笑別人。
四、語(yǔ)法講解
動(dòng)詞--ing形式作定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
(The –ing Form-used as Attribute and Object Complement)
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的名詞有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。
1、單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)常置于被修飾的名詞的前面作前置定語(yǔ)，表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
a sleeping baby一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的孩子 the dancing girl 跳舞的女孩 a flying kite 放飛的風(fēng)箏
running shoes 跑鞋 a walking stick 手杖 a dancing-teacher 舞蹈教師 a smoking pipe煙斗
Our teacher uses a very good teaching method．
At the foot of the hill there is a natural swimming pool．
2、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)常置于被修飾名詞的后面作后置定語(yǔ)，可以改寫(xiě)為定語(yǔ)從句。
Eg:①A crosstalk show has two speakers making many jokes and funny conversations.
=… who make … 相聲里兩個(gè)人說(shuō)笑話逗樂(lè)子。
②There was another car coming in the other direction. =… which came … 對(duì)面來(lái)了另一輛車(chē)。
③ I know the man standing there.
= I know the man who stands there. 我認(rèn)識(shí)站在那兒的那個(gè)人。
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，則表示賓語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，它常用在see, watch, notice, hear, feel,get, keep, have等動(dòng)詞的后面。 Eg: ①Neighbors watched him dropping something heavy into the river.
鄰居們看見(jiàn)他把一些重東西扔到河里去了。
②We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 我們可以看見(jiàn)蒸汽從濕衣服里冒出來(lái)。
③At one moment in a show, you can hear the audience laughing loudly.
演出期間，偶爾可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)觀眾大笑。
1、European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
2、A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
3、He saw some people ____in a restaurant, talking to one another.
A who was sitting B. were seated C. who were seating D. sitting
4、On hearing the sound, the birds flew away in every _____
A. way B. direction C. place D. side
5、We’ve ______ you to do those for one of your friends who can help you.
A. promised B. allowed C. hoped D. intended
6、He _______ a little hero.
A. looked up as B. looked on as C. was looked on as D. was looked up as
7、The ______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missed; playing C. missed; played D. missed; to play
8、I appreciated _______ the chance to study abroad two years ago.
A. having been given B. having given C. to be given D. to have been given
9、The next morning she found the man _____ in bed, dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
10、There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案
:1、A 2、B 3、D 4、B 5、D 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、A 10、B