高一英語課外輔導(dǎo)資料 Unit 17 Famous women
本單元重點單詞
inspire vt. 激勵 explain v. 解釋 admire v. 羨慕
smart adj. 機(jī)靈的；時髦的 cheerful adj. 高興的 general adj. 大致的；總的
hard-working adj. 努力的 weak adj. 軟弱的；不強(qiáng)壯的 stupid adj. 愚蠢的
dishonest adj. 不誠實的 mean v.＆n. 意味著；方式 tense v 緊張
miserable adj. 可怕的 singer n. 歌手 actress n. 女演員
champion n. 冠軍 alone adj. 單獨的 penguin n. 企鵝
Antarctica n. 南極洲 challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn) increase v. 增長
Howling adj. 極端的；嚎叫的 optimistic adj. 樂觀主義的 climate n. 氣候
experience n. 經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)歷 individual adj. 一個人的 bother v. 麻煩
literature n. 文學(xué) skip v. 跳躍 discipline n. 紀(jì)律
career n. 履歷；生涯
本單元重點詞組
in high position 地位很高 the South Pole南極 the North Pole北極
polar bear北極熊 at the opposite end of 在……對面 pull one’s sled 拉雪橇
be about to (do ) 正要（做） be just around the corner 就在附近，即將來臨
fall into 掉入 in good health 健康狀況良好
stand on one’s left leg 用左腿獨立站好 solo travel獨自旅行
blow away 吹跑；刮走 knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒 refer to 所指；參考
rise to fame 名聲大振 the host of a talk show脫口秀主持人 so far 到目前為止
in history 在歷史上 fight for chances 設(shè)法尋找機(jī)會
best of luck to you 祝你好運 without a strong plan 沒有詳細(xì)的計劃
always be the very best 總是做到最好 share with與……分享
單詞及短語運用
一、 用所給單詞提示填空
1、 inspire /inspiring/ inspired./inspiration
A、他的行為極大地激勵了他的同學(xué)。His deeds greatly____________ his schoolmates
B、演講者的話很具有感召力。The speaker’s words were ________________.
C、受到鼓舞的士兵將帽子拋向空中，大聲喊著：“共和國萬歲！”
The _________ soldiers threw their caps into the air, shouting，“Long live the Republic!”
D、這個“座右銘”對于我們許多人來說是一種激勵。The motto is an __________ to many of us.
2、 mean
A..你那樣說是什么意思？What do you___________by saying that?.
B. 我會盡一切努力來幫助你。I will try every_____________to help you.
C. 她的丈夫?qū)﹀X相當(dāng)吝嗇。Her husband is rather __________ over money.
3、 increase/ increasing
A. 她的缺席增加了我們做這次試驗的難度。
Her absence ____________our difficulty in doing the experiment.
B.我班學(xué)生人數(shù)已經(jīng)增長到了58位。The number of the students in my class has _________ 58.
C. 不斷增長的交通問題一直在困擾著市民。
The ____________ traffic problems are troubling the city people.
4. threaten
A. 老板威脅露西，如果她不服從，就要開除她。
The boss ________________ dismiss Lucy if she didn’t obey him.
B. 秘書收到一封信，信中揚言要謀殺經(jīng)理。
The secretary received a letter ,_______________ murder the manager.
5. support
A. 我們堅決支持他們?yōu)槿藱?quán)而進(jìn)行的斗爭。We firmly _______their struggle for human rights.
B. 鯨沒有結(jié)實的骨骼在陸地上支撐其沉重的身體。
Whales have no strong bones ______________ their heavy bodies on land.
C. 他要養(yǎng)活一家子人。He has a large family ________________.
6. affect
A.父母親的言行對小孩的影響極大。Parents’ words and deeds _________ their children a lot.
B. 同學(xué)們被她的事跡深深地感動了。The students were much ____________ her story.
C. 他的傷口受到嚴(yán)重的感染。His wound was ____________badly.
7. lie down 躺下
做完所有的家務(wù)后，她躺在床上休息了。Having done all the housework, she _________ in bed.
8. make a decision 做出決定
例1：他終于做出決定要放棄計劃。Finally he _______________ that he would give up the plan.
例2：應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵孩子自己去做出決定。Children should be encouraged _____________________.
9. go down（太陽）落山; （價格）跌落; （指海洋、風(fēng)暴）平衡；平息
A. 當(dāng)太陽落山時，整個農(nóng)場看起來更美了。
When the sun is _____________, the whole farm looks more beautiful.
B. 牛肉的價格終于下降了。The price of beef has _____________ finally.
C.波濤洶涌的海面總算平靜下來了。The rough sea finally ______________.
10. refer to所指；談及；提及；參考；咨詢；把……歸于；將……提交
A.你剛才談到的那個男生是我的同桌。The boy you ______________ is my seatmate.
B. 在寫那篇論文時，他參考了其他一些書籍。
While he was writing the essay, he ______________ some other books.
C. 他認(rèn)為自己的成功應(yīng)歸功于自己的教練。He ________________________ his trainer.
D. 該項爭議已提交聯(lián)合國處理。The dispute _____________________ the United Nations.
11、be around the corner 在這里是一種習(xí)慣用法，表示“即將來臨”。
A. 我們的期末測試即將來臨。Our final test is __________________.
B、郵局就在轉(zhuǎn)角處。The post office is just ___________________.
12. find oneself經(jīng)常表示一種“（無意間）意識、發(fā)現(xiàn)……”
在黑暗中走了約一個小時后，突然間我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己又來到了同一座山的山腳下。
After walking in the dark for about an hour, we _______ right at the foot of the same mountain.
二、語法精講：語法精講-----主語和謂語的一致：
1.謂語動詞在數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。
例1：The answer to this question is very simple. 這個問題的答案十分簡單。
例2：The details of this story are easy for you to remember. 這個故事的細(xì)節(jié)你很容易記。
例3：Such was Einstein, the great scientist. 偉大的科學(xué)家愛因斯坦就是如此。
例4：Such are my parents, kind and strict. 這就是我的父母親，既慈祥又嚴(yán)格。
例5：Between the two countries lie five big lakes. 兩國之間有五個大湖。
例6：Around the corner came a car. 一輛汽車從拐角處開了過來。
2.當(dāng)主語表達(dá)一個抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)表示。
例1：To answer such a question is really difficult. 回答這樣一個問題真難。
例2：Playing basketball is good for your health. 打籃球?qū)δ愕慕】涤幸妗?/p>
例3：That our teacher is going to leave us makes us disappointed.
3.當(dāng)兩個或多個名詞用and并列連接的時候，謂語動詞一段要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例1：A pen and a pencil are in my pencil-box.我的文具盒里有一支鋼筆和一支鉛筆。
例2：To increase the production and to reduce the cost are very important to us.
但如果兩個或幾個名詞指的是同一事物或人時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例1：The teacher and writer is respected by all the people.
那位既是教師又是作家的人受到大家的尊敬。
例2：Ploughing the field and sowing seeds is the first thing we should do right now.
耕地播種是我們現(xiàn)在該做的頭一件事。
4.如果主語是單數(shù)，后面跟有as well as, with, like, except, but, besides等引起的短語時，謂語動詞仍然用單數(shù)形式；也就是說，介詞短語不能被看作主語的一部分。
例1：Everyone except Micky is in the classroom.除了米奇以外，其他人都在教室里。
例2：Frank as well as Green and Sandy has been to Beijing.弗蘭克、格林和桑迪都到過北京。
例3：Ann with her son and her daughter was in New York last Christmas.
例4：French besides English and German is taught in our school.
例5：Charlie, like all his friends, is fond of music.查理和他所有的朋友一樣，喜歡音樂。
5.each和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的合成詞，都作單數(shù)看待。
例1：Each of them has got a PC.他們每人都有一臺個人電腦。
例2：Someone is calling for you on the phone.有人打電話找你。
例3：Nothing is to be done.什么也沒法做。
6.what,who,which,any,more,most,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，由語義決定。
例1：Which is your book? 哪本是你們的書？
例2：Which are your books? 哪些是你的書？
例3：Here is some more paper.這里還有一些紙。
例4：Here are some more pens.這里還有一些筆。
例5：Are any of you doctors? 你們中有人是醫(yī)生嗎？
例6：Is any of you from Shenzhen?你們中有人來自深圳嗎？
例7：Those who are against the plan can leave.反對這項計劃的人可以離開。
例8：Anyone who is interested in it can go with us.對這事感興趣的人可以跟我們?nèi)ァ?/p>
7.none可作復(fù)數(shù)看待，也可作單數(shù)看待；但作復(fù)數(shù)看待時多，主要看說話人的看法。另外，none of后面若接不可數(shù)名詞，只能視為單數(shù)。
例1：She looked for some cake, but there was none left.她找些蛋糕，但蛋糕一點也沒剩下。
例2：None of this money is mine.這筆錢沒有一點是我的。
例3：None of them have come back yet.他們中誰也沒來。
例4：They say they like it, but none of them has gone to the cinema.
8.neither和either作主語時，通常作單數(shù)看待。
例1：Neither of them was from Australia.他們倆都不是來自澳大利亞。
例2：Either of the boys likes singing.這兩個男孩都喜歡唱歌。
9.people（人們），police（警察），cattle（牛群），crowd（人群）等詞是集體名詞，一般為復(fù)數(shù)概念。
例1：The cattle have eaten up all the grass here and have to move to another place.
例2：The police keep the city in good order.警察維護(hù)了這座城市的良好秩序。
例3：People in this village are living a rich life.這個村子里的人生活很富裕。
10.class,family,school等詞可以被看作復(fù)數(shù)概念，也可以被看作單數(shù)概念，取決于說話人的語義。
例1：Our class is Class 3.我們班是第三班。（單數(shù)）
例2：Our class are playing on the playground.我們班全體同學(xué)都在操場上玩。（復(fù)數(shù)）
例3：His family is a very big one.他的家庭是個大家庭。（單數(shù)）
例4：The family are at table now.這家人正在吃飯。（復(fù)數(shù)）
11.表示時間、重量、距離、長度、價值等的名詞盡管是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但如果用于表達(dá)一個整體概念，應(yīng)作為單數(shù)看待。
例1：Three thousand kilometers is a long distance.3000公里是段很長的距離。
例2：Two months is long enough.兩個月的時間夠長了。
例3：Thirty tons of steel has been shipped to their factory.30噸鋼材已經(jīng)運到了他們工廠。
12.以下是幾種謂語動詞與鄰近主語一致的情況。
1）由neither … nor …或either … or …連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與跟它最鄰近的主語一致。
例如：Neither you nor your brother has been there.你和你弟弟都沒去過那里。
Is either Tom or his brothers to answer for this?湯姆或是他的兄弟們要對這事負(fù)責(zé)嗎？
2）句子由there, here和where引起，而主語不止一個時，謂語也通常跟它與最鄰近的主語一致。
例如：There is a book and two letters in the bag.包里有一本書和兩封信。
Here comes an old lady and two girls.走過來了一位老太太和兩位姑娘。
Where is your wife and children when you stay here?
There are one or two cases like that.有一兩個這類情況。
Here are my passport and papers.這里是我的護(hù)照和文件。
13.如果主語由“the+形容詞”擔(dān)任時，根據(jù)意義一致的原則確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
例1：In our country, the old are taken good care of.
例2：After the battle, the wounded were taken to a hospital.
例3：The older of the two is Simon’s uncle.
例4：The dead, who was a stranger, was buried yesterday.
14.如果主語由this（a）kind of, this（a）sort of, this（a）type of后接名詞構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
例1：A kind of new dictionary is on sale in our book store.我們書店正在出售一種新詞典。
例2：This sort of apples tastes sweet.這種蘋果很甜。
例3：This type of cars is produced in our factory.這種型號的汽車是我們工廠生產(chǎn)的。
課堂練習(xí)
一、翻譯句子：
1. 另一場具有挑戰(zhàn)和危險的旅程即將開始。
2. 我要把工作時間延長到12小時。
3. 我明白必須把帳篷支起來避風(fēng)，于是我掙扎著站了起來。
4. 我毫不后悔這樣做了。
5. 我已經(jīng)挺身面對了極限氣候下單獨旅行的挑戰(zhàn)。
6. 這段經(jīng)歷令我終生難忘，珍惜一生。
7. 她的事業(yè)激勵著許多人，讓人們相信成功和幸福人人可得。
8. 艱苦奮斗和嚴(yán)守紀(jì)律是改善自我的途徑。
9. 我一點也不在乎自己的長相。
10. 她幫助了成千上萬個男男女女度過難關(guān)，擺脫了難以啟齒的煩惱事情。
二、完成句子：
1、他大聲地對她說：“我愛你！”
He said to her _______ _______ _________ ________ ________ _________, “I love you!”
2、劫機(jī)者威脅說若不滿足他們的要求，就把乘客全殺死。
The hijackers _______ ______ ______ all the passengers if their demands were not met.
3、雙方最后達(dá)成了協(xié)議。 The two sides finally _________ __________ ____________.
4、我正要離開，鮑勃把我叫住，送給了我一件禮物。
When I ___ _____ ____ leave, Bob stopped me and gave me a gift.
5、他蘇醒過來后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在床上。 When he came to himself, he _____ ______ ________ in bed.
6、圣誕節(jié)快要到了，所以我這些天一直很忙。
Christmas is _________ ________ ________ _________, so I’ve been busy these days.
7、據(jù)說她是班上量優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。 ____ ___ ____ _______ she is the best student in her class.
8、到目前為止，我還沒有去過北極。I haven’t been to the North Pole _________ __________.
9、他們已做出決定為媽媽慶祝八十大壽。
They ______ ______ _______ ________ to celebrate their mother’s 80th birthday.
10、我不知道她失業(yè)后會怎樣。I don’t know what will _______ ____ her if she is out of work.
11、醫(yī)生對病人說：“請?zhí)上拢瑒e緊張。”The doctor said to the patient, “Please __ __ . Don’t be nervous.”
12、我的祖母雖然已經(jīng)80多歲了，身體卻很健康。My grandmother is ___ ___ ______, though she is over 80.
13、今年的莊稼好像毫無希望了。It seems the crops________ _______ _________ this year.
14、她很快就出名了。She ______ rapidly ______ -___________.
15、抱歉，史密斯先生，我得打擾您回答幾個問題。
Excuse me, Mr Black, but I have to ___ you ___ a few questions.
三、單項填空
1.I______had time to thank him before he left.
A.almost B.hardly C.mostly D.nearly
2.I can’t believe that in______a rich country there are______many poor people.
A.such;so B.so;such C.such;such D.so;so
3.Don’t look______the designer only______she is a woman.
A.down on;because of B.upon down;because C.down upon;because D.down upon;because of
4.I saw some trees______leaves were black with disease.
A.which B.whose C.that D.of which
5.When he came to himself,he found himself______in bed.
A.lie B.lay C.laid D.lying
6.After the game,our team______changing clothes.
A.was B.were C.has been D.have been
7.Is this factory______you visited the other day?
A.which B.that C.the one D.where
8.-Is this raincoat yours? -No,mine______behind the door.
A.has hung B.is hanging C.hangs D.hang
9.I asked him______.
A.who does the house belong B.whom did the house belong to
C.whose house it was D.whose house was it
10.The plane crashed in the South Pacific,______all the passengers.
A.killing B.killed C.to kill D.and killing
11.The boy told me that his life was so______that he decided to leave his village.
A.generous B.miserable C.cheerful D.valuable
12.-How many monkeys did you see in the zoo? -______.
A.Nothing B.No one C.None D.Not much
13.I was about to go to bed______the telephone rang.
A.while B.when C.as D.until
14.This is the reason______he was set free.
A.which B.for why C.for which D.for that
15.Do you know the way______he worked out the problem?
A.in which B.on which C.with which D.by which