高一下知識歸納（U20）
1. wish v. 但愿、希望、期盼
[舉例] (1)Wish me luck! 祝我走運吧!(wish + sb．+ n.)
(2)They wished us a pleasant journey. 他們祝我們旅途愉快。
(3)I wish you a happy birthday (New Year). 祝你生日愉快(新年愉快)。
(4)It's no use wishing for things you can't have. (wish for sth./sb.)
想要獲得得不到的事物是徒勞的。
(5)I wish to leave my property to my children. (wish to do sth.)
我想把財產留給子女。
(6)Do you wish me to serve dinner now? (wish sb. to do sth. )
你想讓我現在開飯嗎?
(7)I wish you could fly back to me! 但愿你能回到我的身邊。
(表示與將來事實相反，賓語從句用could，would等+動詞原形)
(8)I wish I know what was going to happen. 但愿我能知道要發生什么事。
(表示與現在事實相反，賓語從句用動詞的過去時。)
(9)I wish you had told me earlier. 你早些告訴我就好了。
(表示與過去事實相反，賓語從句用過去完成時。)
[注意]不能說hope sb．to do sth．，且hope的賓語從句用現在時態。
I hope everything goes well with your work.祝你工作如意，事事順心。
[拓展]wish也可作名詞，“愿望、心愿”，還常用復數形式表示“祝福”。
[舉例](1) a wish for peace 祈求和平
(2) It's always been my wish to live alone.我一直盼望單獨生活。
(3)Please send my best wishes to your family. 請代我問候你的家人。
2．make+賓語+賓語補語
[用法]make作使役動詞時，其后可以接(不帶t。的)不定式，過去分詞、名詞或形容詞作賓語補足語。
[舉例] (1)Can you make people laugh without words? 你不講話能使人發笑嗎?
(2)He was made to come. 他被迫來的。
(3)I can't make myself understood. 我表達不清楚我的意思。
(4)She tried to make her voice heard. 她盡量讓別人聽到他說話的聲音。
(5)What he said made me happy. 他的話使我聽了很高興。
(6)We made him monitor. 我們選他為班長。
3．fun n. 玩笑、樂趣、樂事
[舉例] (1) He is full of fun.她很愛開玩笑。
(2)We had a lot of fun at the party.我們在聚會中玩得很痛快。
(3)It's great fun playing golf.打高爾夫球很有趣。
[搭配] for fun ……開玩笑
make fun of 取笑…， 拿…開玩笑
[舉例](1) I did it just for fun.我做那件事只是為了好玩而已。
(2)They made fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
他們取笑她穿著如此怪異的衣服。
4．reach v.伸、到達；擴展，延伸，蔓延
[舉例] (1)My hand can't reach so high.我的手沒法伸到那么高的地方。
(2) Audiences for his shows reach well into the millions.
看他的節目的觀眾達數百萬人之多。
(3) His farmland reaches to the river. 他的農田延伸到河邊。
(4) The vine reaches toward the light.藤蔓朝著向陽的角度蔓延。
5. have．．．in mind 在想……
[舉例] She told her boss what she had in mind.她把心中所想的告訴了老板。
6．tear n. 眼淚(通常用復數形式)
[舉例](1) The sad play moved us to tears.那曲悲哀的戲使我們感動得流下了眼淚。
(2) Seeing the fat lady burst into tears, the children couldn't help laughing. 看到那位胖太太放聲大哭，孩子們忍不住大笑起來。
(3) The little girl was in tears.那小姑娘淚流滿面。
7．think of考慮、認為；想起；認定
[舉例](1) What do you think of the play?你認為那出戲怎么樣?
(2) I This picture makes me think of my childhood.
這照片令我想起我的童年。
(3) I think of him as a happy person with lots of friends.
我認為他是一個快樂的、有許多朋友的人。
8．even though / even 即使；盡管
[舉例] We have determined to visit the place of interest here even if (though) it rains tomorrow. 我們決定去參觀這里的名勝，即使明天下雨也要去。
We like English even though it is rather difficult for us.
我們喜歡英語，盡管它對我們來說相當難。
9．date back to起源于，追溯到
[用法]date作動詞，(從某一時代)開始，回溯。
常構成短語date back to或date from
[舉例](1) This building dates back to 1823.這棟建筑是1823年所建。
(2) This custom dates from the 16th century.這風俗起源于16世紀。
10．exist vi．存在，實際上有
[舉例](1) Don't be silly. Such a thing doesn't exist.
別傻了，這種東西是不存在的。
(2) Fish can't exist out of water.魚離開水就不能話。
(3) They exist on very little money.他們靠極少的錢來生活。
11．common adj．普通的；共同的；共用的；共有的
[舉例] A great interest in music was common to them.
他們對音樂都有共同的強烈的興趣。
The common people in those days suffered a lot.當時一般民眾生活都很苦。
We work for the common good. 我們為了公共利益而工作。
We had a lot in common with each other. 我們有很多共同之處。
12. satisfy v. 使(某人)滿意或滿足
[舉例] (1)She's not satisfied with anything but the best.
她事事都要最好的才罷休。
Nothing satisfies him, he's always complaining.
他對什么都不滿意，總是抱怨。
[拓展]satisfied adj．滿意的；滿足的／satisfying adj．令人滿意的(滿足的)
I felt quite satisfied after my big meal.我這頓飯吃得很多，覺得很飽。
a satisfying meal (result)令人滿意的飯菜(結果)
[比較] satisfied／content
[搭配] sb. be satisfied with sb (sth)
sb. be content to do sth with sth
[意思區別] 前者表示欲望或要求的滿足，著重于心中十分滿意，語氣比后者強；后者表示對某一特殊事物的滿足，著重“別無它求”的含義。如：
They believe that the basic needs of the world's population should be satisfied first, like food and medical care.
他們認為全世界人口的基本需要，像食品和醫療，應該首先得到滿足。
He was content to eat simple food. 他樂意吃一些簡單的食物。
[用法區別] 前者是過去分詞，常用作形容詞，在句中作表語或定語；后者是表語形容詞，通常不作定語。如：
The little girl gave a satisfied smile. 小女孩露出了滿意的笑容。
All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone. 在愛因斯坦的一生中，他愿意單獨度過他的大部分時間。
She told her parents in the letter that she was very content with her new job in Hainan. 她在信中告訴她父母說她非常滿意在海南的新工作。
13. popular adj. 大眾的；受歡迎的
[舉例] (1)a popular teacher 受歡迎的老師
(2)popular newspapers / music/language 大眾報紙／流行音樂／通俗語言
[搭配] be popular with / among 受……歡迎
[舉例] (1)That nurse is very popular with little children.
那位護士非常受小朋友歡迎。
(2)Chinese food is becoming popular among Americans.
中國菜逐漸受到美國人的歡迎。
14. knock vt. vi. 敲、擊、打；相撞，碰撞
[搭配]knock at... 敲……
knock down... 撞倒……
knock/into sb. 撞在某人身上
knock... off.. 撞下來；敲下來
knock... into... 把……打人
[舉例] (1)I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 他敲門時，我正在做飯。
(2) He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
他幾乎把我撞倒才看見我。
(3)I knocked into a little boy. 我撞到一個小孩了。
(4)The car knocked me off my bike. 那輛小車把我從自行車上撞了下來。
(5)Please knock the wood into the ground.請把這木頭打進地下去。
15．1ively生動的，活潑的；鮮艷的
[舉例](1)He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.
他有一種奇妙的方法，使他的課上得生動有趣。
(2) She is a lively girl.她是位活潑的姑娘。
(3) What lively colours! 多么鮮艷的顏色!
[拓展]lively作“生動的”“活潑的”解時，可作定語或表語，也可作賓語補足語，該詞是live + ly構成；以-ly結尾的形容詞還有friendly，orderly，lovely等，注意不要將它們視為副詞。例如：
What a lovely weather! 多好的天氣啊!
16．Look on．．．as．．．把……看做，認為
[用法]look on(upon)．．．as．．．與have．．．as．．．，regard．．．as．．．，consider．．．as．．．等短語意思都一樣，通常可以互換。
[舉例](1) I look on (upon) her as a promising pianist.
我認為她是一個很有前途的鋼琴家。
(2)Who looks on him as a friend? = Who has him as a friend?
=Who regards him as a friend? = Who considers him as a friend?
誰把他當作朋友呢?
17．In surprise吃驚地
[舉例] He hid himself in surprise.他在驚慌中躲了起來。
[拓展]in surprise中的surprise為名詞“驚訝”，常見的短語還有to one’s surpri＝to the surprise of sb．“令(某人)感到驚訝的是”其形容詞形式為 surprised．
[搭配]to one’s surprise 令(某)人感到驚訝的是
be surprised at因……而感到驚訝
be surprised to do sth. 因做……而感到驚訝
be surprised +that... 因……而感到驚訝
[舉例](1) To my surprise, she was the mother of two children.
令我驚訝的是，她是兩個孩子的媽媽。
(2)a surprised look吃驚的表情
(3)The man looked surprised．那個人顯得驚訝。
(4)We were surprised at the news．＝We were surprised to hear the news．
聽到這個消息，我們感到很驚訝。
(5) They were surprised that he got injured in the traffic accident.
他在車禍中受傷，使他們感到驚訝。