作者：李國勤

定語從句是英語句法的重要內(nèi)容之一,所以該語法項目是整個高中階段,同時也是高考的重要考點之一。本文給大家介紹一下定語從句單項填空題的解題方法。

一、 依據(jù)先行詞所表達的內(nèi)容和引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥泶_定選項。

例1. I always remember the days ________ I was taken good care of in the hospital.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

分析:句子意思是:我永遠都記著我在醫(yī)院里受到很好照料的那些日子。先行詞the days是表示時間的。限制性定語從句可以用來修飾一個表示時間的先行詞,如果關(guān)聯(lián)詞在定語從句中作時間狀語,通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句。

例2. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town________ he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

分析:句子意思是:在巴黎住了50 年之后他又回到了他小時候長大的小鎮(zhèn)。因為先行詞the small town表示地點,關(guān)聯(lián)詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選B。

二、 注意句子中逗號的語法作用。

例1. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

分析:句子意思是:眾所周知,月球每個月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一圈。句子中逗號說明這里是一個非限制性定語從句。能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句、代表整個主句內(nèi)容且能夠放在句首的關(guān)聯(lián)詞只有as,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選B。

例2. She washed clothes this morning, ________ hadn't been washed for a week.

A. these B. those C. that D. which

分析:句子中逗號說明這里是一個非限制性定語從句。四個選項中能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的只有D。

三、 認定該題所考查的內(nèi)容,觀察所給的選項,依據(jù)語法規(guī)則選出最佳答案。

例: The doctor ________ is leaving for Africa next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him

B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to

D. who the nurse is talking

分析:句子意思是:正和護士談話的那位醫(yī)生下個月要去非洲。觀察所給的四個選項,可以看出它們都是完整的句子。根據(jù)本題所考查的內(nèi)容,最佳答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是修飾先行詞The doctor的限制性定語從句。依據(jù)定語從句的語法規(guī)則,首先排除A, 因為him是多余的; whom the nurse is talking和 who the nurse is talking兩個選項中都缺少"to",所以也被排除掉。只有C (whom / who被省略了) the nurse is talking to是唯一正確的答案。

四、 依據(jù)先行詞來選擇"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)。

例1. Is this the factory ________ your father once worked?

A. at where B. which

C. in which D. that

分析:句子意思是:這就是你父親工作過的工廠嗎?先行詞the factory在限制性定語從句中作地點狀語, 所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選C, in which相當(dāng)于where。

例2. Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English study, Mr. Lee is the person ________ I turn for help.

A. that B. who

C. from whom D. to whom

分析:在限制性定語從句中,謂語動詞"turn to"是固定的短語動詞。這個句子也可以寫成: Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English Study, Mr Lee is the person(who / whom) I turn to for help. 所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選D。

五、注意先行詞的特殊性和關(guān)系代詞的選擇。

例1. All ________ I need is an English-Chinese dictionary.

A. as B. that C. what D. which

分析:句子意思是:我所需要的就是一本《英漢詞典》。先行詞為all或先行詞被all等詞修飾時,限制性定語從句通常用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo),所以本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選B。又如:

There is not much that can be done now. 現(xiàn)在沒有太多的事情可做。

I've read all the books that were borrowed from the library. 我把從圖書館借的書都看完了。

That white flower is the only one that I really like. 那朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的花。

例2. This is the first composition ________ I've written in English.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

分析:句子意思是:這是我用英文寫的第一篇作文。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,限制性定語從句通常用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo),所以本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選A。又如:

This is the best novel (that) I've ever read. 這是我讀過的最好小說。