作者：吳小梅
單項(xiàng)填空題是英語(yǔ)考試必考題型,而選項(xiàng)的選擇依據(jù)已不再局限于其語(yǔ)法的正確與否,而更加注重特定語(yǔ)境對(duì)答案的限制。這不僅考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),而且考查綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。因此,準(zhǔn)確理解題意是做好單項(xiàng)填空題的首要條件。
一、讀題時(shí)一定要留意上下文的有效信息及其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。不僅要在選項(xiàng)本身上考慮,更要注意前后的暗示,分析題干,選擇與題干語(yǔ)意相符的答案。
1. -There's coffee and tea; you can have ________.
-Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
答案:A
解析:此題是一道語(yǔ)境題,意在考查考生運(yùn)用這幾個(gè)代詞的能力。either指兩者之中的任意一個(gè);each 修飾可數(shù)名詞; one指代可數(shù)名詞;it指代具體的事物。
2. -How is the man badly hurt in the accident?
-Sorry. He ________ though the doctor made every effort to save him.
A. died B. was dead C. had died D. had been dead
答案: A
解析:根據(jù)上文可知,此人傷得很嚴(yán)重 ,下文連詞though 表示"雖然,盡管"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意為:"雖然醫(yī)生盡了一切努力來(lái)?yè)尵人?但他還是死了"。選項(xiàng)B "be dead"表示狀態(tài)。C、D與題意不符。只能選A。
3. I can hardly hear the news. Would you please ________?
A. turn it on B. turn it down C. turn it up D. turn it off
答案: C
解析: 此題考查動(dòng)詞turn 的有關(guān)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都符合。從意思上看,turn on 意為"打開(kāi)", 可用turn on the gas, turn on the radio, turn on the tap 等;turn down 意為"把音量調(diào)小,拒絕";turn up意為"把音量調(diào)高,露面";turn off意為"關(guān)掉"。但從題干hardly hear 的暗示,只有C項(xiàng)才符題意。
二、單項(xiàng)填空題題目越來(lái)越長(zhǎng),所含的信息量越來(lái)越大,結(jié)構(gòu)越來(lái)越復(fù)雜,解題時(shí)認(rèn)真分析前后關(guān)系,準(zhǔn)確把握內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系便至關(guān)重要。
1. -Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
-Yes. They have better players, so I ________ them to win.
A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want
答案: C
解析:根據(jù)答語(yǔ)已經(jīng)肯定了the Stars 有更好的球員,當(dāng)然就希望他們會(huì)獲勝。hope to do sth.; prefer sth. to sth. / prefer doing to doing; expect sb. to do sth.正確, 而want sb. to do sth. 意思不符。
2. His parents live near the city of Beijing, but ________of them has ever been to it.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
答案: D
解析:此題考查不定代詞的用法,由于運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but ,所以需選一個(gè)否定詞。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,似乎C、D 都對(duì)。上文his parents 隱含主語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)人,所以選neither。
三、單項(xiàng)填空題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)越來(lái)越復(fù)雜化和綜合化,選項(xiàng)對(duì)題意的干擾加強(qiáng)。因此,排除干擾,正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)是找準(zhǔn)答案的關(guān)鍵。
1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
答案:C
解析:此題較難,主句與從句之間存在修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系。關(guān)系代詞that(the plan)充當(dāng)see的賓語(yǔ),選項(xiàng)來(lái)作see的賓補(bǔ)。而"計(jì)劃"與"執(zhí)行"之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選過(guò)去分詞carried out作賓補(bǔ),相當(dāng)于"to see the plan carried out"。
2. She thought we were talking about her, ________ , in fact, we were talking about ourselves.
A. when B. where C. which D. while
答案: D
解析:此題題干較長(zhǎng),由兩個(gè)分句組成,且句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,意思上沒(méi)有修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,而且有in fact 插入語(yǔ)干擾,而while 此時(shí)作連詞,表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比。