Unit 10
I.Teaching aims and demands
1.Topics
1>Talk about ways to protect the environment
2>Talk about wildlife endangerment
3>Talk about causes and effects
2.Function:
原因和結(jié)果(Causes and effects)
Why...? Because/As/Since...
Because of...,I... If...,then...
As a result of... It follows that...
It will use... It will lead to...
3.Vocabulary
fur;Tibetan;lead;jungle;wolf;giraffe;environmental;tour;act;measure;original;battary;devote;
common;valuable;reduce;respond;amount;package;packging;harmful;flat;material;poster;
attractive;topic;organize;brief
in danger;die out;as a result of;lead to;take measures;adapt to;
make a difference;devote...to;at present;set free;in the wild;throw away
4.Grammar:
Review Direct and Indirect Speech
1.Reporting statements
2.Reporting yes-no questions
3.Reporting wh-questions
4.Reporting commands and requests
5.Reporting general truth
II.Key points
1.listening and speaking
1>When farmers cut down trees,tigers no longer hide and hunt.
no longer
[用法]不再,可與not...any longer換用.
[注意]no longer在句中的位置
1.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前 2.連系動(dòng)詞后 3.助動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后
no longer在句首時(shí)引起倒裝.
any longer在否定句中一般在句末
[舉例]She no longer feels afraid.
He's no longer at school.
No longer are they staying with us.
他們不再和我們?cè)谝黄?
When I lose my job,I could no longer keep our heads over water.
當(dāng)我失業(yè)時(shí),那日子真是沒(méi)法過(guò)啊.
[試題]1.---Excuse me,is this Mr Brown's office?
---I'm sorry,but Mr Brown______works here.He left about three weeks ago.
A.not now B.no more C.not still D.no longer（√）
2.---Will you give this message to Mr White,please?
---Sorry,I can't.He_______.
A.doesn't any more work here B.doesn't any longer here work
C.doesn't work any more here D.doesn't work here any longer（√）
2>There are few areas left where pandas can live.
left
[用法]剩下，此處為過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)。
[聯(lián)想]leave的特別用法：
1.leave sb to do 讓某人去做某事
2.leave sb doing 使某人處于某種狀態(tài)
3.leave the window open 讓窗戶(hù)開(kāi)著
4.leave my bag on the bus 把包忘在車(chē)上了(注意:不要用forget)
5.leave school 從學(xué)校畢業(yè)
6.ask for a two days' leave 請(qǐng)兩天假
[試題]1.His remarks left me_______about his real purpose.
A.wonder B.wondering（√） C.wondered D.to wonder
2.His father died and______him a lot of money.
A.gave B.left（√） C.sent D.offered
3.Do you mind_________alone at home?
A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left
C.Jane's being left（√） D.Jane to be left
3>Many of the world's animals and plants are in danger.
in danger
[用法]處于危險(xiǎn)中
[比較]dangerous:造成危險(xiǎn)的;帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)的
[舉例]Get an ambulance---her life is in danger.
The fire is dangerous to us as it is so near.
4>Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out?
die out
[用法]消亡;滅絕
[聯(lián)想]die away 逐漸消失;逐漸停止
[舉例]The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose.
大幕一升起,談話(huà)的聲音漸漸地停了下來(lái).
In the struggle for life,the species,which had not been successful,died out.
在生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,不能成功的物種就滅絕了.
5>Work together with your partner and try to think of some solutions to the problems.
together with
[用法]意同as well as;along with
[注意]在連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù).
[試題]Dr. Smith,together with his wife and sons,_______to arrive on the evening flight.
A.are B.are going C.is（√） D.will be
6>It will lead to...
lead to
[用法]導(dǎo)致
[舉例]The development of national economy has led to a life of happiness.
國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展使人民過(guò)上了幸福生活.
Careless driving will lead to the loss of life.
開(kāi)車(chē)大意會(huì)導(dǎo)致喪命.
[聯(lián)想]lead sb (to do) sth 使得...(做某事);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)...做某事
[舉例]Self-criticism led him to a clear understanding of his own mistakes.
自我批評(píng)使得他對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤有了清醒的認(rèn)識(shí).
The lecture led him to make a thorough study of the problem.
講座使得他要對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行徹底的研究.
7>Student A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as the animal.
act as
[用法]充當(dāng);擔(dān)任
[比較]act vt. 扮演...角色; vi. 行動(dòng);做事;表演
[試題]1.In the play 'A Merchant of Venice' he_______the part of Shylock.
A.acts（√） B.acts as C.play D.is played
2.Classroom testing,if well done,most certainly______a stimulus(激勵(lì)) to study and real learning.
A.acts for B.acts as（√） C.acts on D.acts to
8>Take turns asking and answering questions.
Take turns (in) doing
[用法]輪流做某事
[聯(lián)想]take one's turn 依次輪流
by turns 交替;輪流
[舉例]1.When people are waiting for the bus,he takes his turn.
2.The two boys took turns in driving to the faraway village.
3.She was happy and angry by turns.
9>Use the questions below to get started.
get started
[用法]意為'開(kāi)始',美語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中常用表達(dá).
[舉例]Let's get started.咱們開(kāi)始干吧。
2.reading
1>Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
keep...from doing
[用法]防止(阻止;避免)...做...
[聯(lián)想]stop...from doing; prevent...from doing 意思基本相同
[試題]If city noises________from increasing,people_______shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A.are not kept;will have to（√） B.are not kept;have to
C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have to
2>We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us.
could
[用法]本句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法,could表示反現(xiàn)實(shí)的含義.without短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)隱藏的條件:if there were no plants and animals around us.
[舉例]If you needed assistance,I could do something.
假如你需要幫助,我可以幫你做點(diǎn)什么.(看樣子,你不愿接受幫助)
In the USA,for example,75% of the grains is used to feed animals.This grain could be used to feed humans,rather than animals.
3>He takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham.
tour
[用法]n. 1. 旅行,旅游,游覽 2. 巡視;巡回演出;巡回比賽
[舉例]Mr. Adams made a tour around East Asia last year.
亞當(dāng)斯先生去年往東亞旅行了一次。
Their troupe is on tour in the South.
他們的劇團(tuán)在南方巡回演出。
[聯(lián)想]travel 泛指一切旅游,不可數(shù)
journey 一般指較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或較長(zhǎng)距離的旅行
trip 大都指往返的旅行,尤指短途
4>We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things.
that do not harm other living things
[用法]此為定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ),不可省略
[比較]I don't like the way that you laugh at her.
本句中way在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞用that或in which或省略.
[舉例]1.I was impressed by the way in which she did it.
2.---You are from Australia,aren't you?
---Yes,I am.How did you guess?
---The way you speak.
5>...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.
take measures
[用法]采取措施
[舉例]Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time.
6>A species can become endangered for different reasons.
species
[用法]n. 種類(lèi);【生】種;人類(lèi)[the S]
[注意]單復(fù)數(shù)相同
[舉例]There are many species of chrysanthemum.
菊花品種很多。
The giant panda has become an endangered species.
大熊貓已成了一種瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物。
Today the survival of our species is threatened.
今天人類(lèi)的生存受到了威脅。
7>They are all used to their environment;that is,they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.
that is
[用法]那就是;即
[舉例]John is a New Yorker;that is,he lives in New York.
8>...,the animal or plant has to adapt to the change or find a new home.
adapt
[用法]vt.1. 使適應(yīng),使適合 2. 改編,改寫(xiě) vi. 適應(yīng)[(+to)]
[舉例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.
他努力使自己適應(yīng)新的情況。
The author is going to adapt his play for television.
作者將把他的劇本改編成電視劇。
He has not yet adapted to the climate.
他還沒(méi)適應(yīng)這種氣候。
10>The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help.
that there is a lot we can do to help
[用法]that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句(名詞性從句的一種),其構(gòu)成與賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)似.
[舉例]The trouble is that we don't have the computer.
[注意]引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句的that在句中沒(méi)有成分,也沒(méi)有具體含義,僅作為從句的引導(dǎo)詞.
表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句的that有省略的現(xiàn)象.而主語(yǔ)從句的that則不省略.
11>Even small things can make a big difference.
make a difference
[用法]有關(guān)系;有差別;重要
[聯(lián)想]make no difference 無(wú)甚差別;不要緊
[舉例]Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course.
It doesn't make any difference if you are late to my party.I only want you to come.
12>Professor Stevenson,who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer,gave a talk to Chinese college students.
devoted ... to ...
[用法]把...獻(xiàn)給...;把...專(zhuān)用于...
[注意]to為介詞,后面如需跟動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用-ing形式.
[舉例]We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children.
Einstein devoted himself to abstract research.
13>How many centers are there at present for the milu deer in China?
at present
[用法]現(xiàn)在;目前
[聯(lián)想]present的其他用法: n.禮物 a.在場(chǎng)的;出席的;現(xiàn)在的 vt.贈(zèng)送,給予
presently adv. 一會(huì)兒;不久
[舉例]You may still keep the book for another week because I am very busy at present.
What he said made all the people present at the meeting moved a great deal.
Don't worry.The doctor will come to see you presently.
3.integrating skills
1>Without air,water and sunlight there would be no living things.
there would be
[用法]would仍是虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法,全句意為'(假如)沒(méi)有空氣,水和陽(yáng)光,就不會(huì)有生命.'(而實(shí)際上,現(xiàn)在不可能沒(méi)有空氣,水和陽(yáng)光)
[舉例]If I were you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你,我會(huì)接受他的意見(jiàn).(我不可能是你,這是和事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè))
Should she come tomorrow,I would tell her the news.
她明天來(lái)的話(huà),我會(huì)把這個(gè)消息告訴她.(言下之意,她明天來(lái)的可能性很小)
2>Human beings often throw away things they have used only once.
throw away
[用法]扔掉;拋棄
[舉例]I never had the habit of saving the match boxes.I just threw them away.
[聯(lián)想]throw off 扔掉;擺脫;匆匆脫掉(衣服)
[舉例]I wanted very much to throw off my old clothes so I went into a tailor's shop.
3>In fact,nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.
is much better at
[用法]可理解為be good at的比較級(jí)形式
4>May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers.
learn from
[用法]向...學(xué)習(xí);從...吸取教訓(xùn)
[舉例]We should learn from the advanced workers.
我們應(yīng)該向先進(jìn)工作者們學(xué)習(xí).
Why don't you learn from my mistakes?
你為何不從我的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)呢?
5>We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.
respond
[用法]vi. 1. 作答,回答[+to] 2. 作出反應(yīng);響應(yīng)[+to/by/with]
[舉例]Has she responded to your letter?
她有沒(méi)有回過(guò)你的信?
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在壓力下放棄了這一建議。
6>A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.
easy to understand
[用法]這里的主語(yǔ)poster和understand雖然是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,但表語(yǔ)形容詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般用主動(dòng)式
[舉例]Jack is easy to fool.
He is difficult to deal with.
The man is hard to work with.
4>workbook
1>Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal.
persuade
[用法]persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意為說(shuō)服+成功;
而try to persuade意為'試圖說(shuō)服,但不一定成功',相當(dāng)于advise
[試題]1.While shopping people sometimes can't help______into buying sth they don't really need.
A.to persuade B.persuading
C.being persuaded（√） D.be persuaded
2.I had______him not to stay up late,but he still didn't go to bed until midnight.
A.persuaded B.advised（√）
C.promised D.made
3.Alice trusts you;only you can_______her to give up the follish ideas.
A.suggest B.attract C.tempt D.persuade（√）
2>They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals.
a large amount of
[用法]同large amounts of,后接不可數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于amount的數(shù)
[聯(lián)想]the amount of 后接不可數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)
a number of 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)
the number of 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)
[舉例]The number of letters we receive is increasing.
I have a large number of books on the subject.
We must often memorize large amounts of material.
A large amount of money is required.
Large amounts of money are being invested in the local market.
大量的資金被投放在地方市場(chǎng)上.
3>Up to a hundred species become extinct every day.
Up to
[用法]此處意為'高達(dá)...'
[聯(lián)想]What are you up to? 你在忙些什么？
It's up to you!（由你做主）
I'm up to my ears[忙得不可開(kāi)交；深陷于某事物中] in work.（我忙死了）
extinct
[用法]a.1. (火等)熄滅了的 2. 消亡了的;破滅了的 3. 絕種的,滅絕的
[舉例]The volcano is extinct.
這座火山是座死火山。
My hope of getting some employment was extinct.
我要找到工作的希望落空了。
The passenger pigeon is extinct.
旅鴿已絕種。
4>The Malayan sun bear is among the animals that need our help.
among
[用法]在……當(dāng)中
[舉例]A giraffe is the tallest among (or of) all animals.
5>The bears can't find enough food,so they have to go look for food on farms.
go look for
[用法]尋找
[舉例]Let's go look for some food. 讓我們?nèi)フ尹c(diǎn)吃的.
6>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets.
keep ... as ...
[用法]把...當(dāng)作寵物來(lái)喂養(yǎng)
[聯(lián)想]keep…as it is按原樣保留
[舉例] The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is.
7>Now that the basic conditions are set,it is time to think how your world will 'work'.
Now that
[用法]既然;由于,引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
[舉例]Now (that) you are well again,you can travel.
[試題]______you've got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.
A.Now that（√） B.After C.Although D.As soon as
8>Present your ideas to the class.
Present
[用法]此處為動(dòng)詞,意為'呈現(xiàn)','出示','提出'