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作者：丁楠 姜經(jīng)志

賓語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分的句子。其構(gòu)成為"引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它"，其語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞很多，多有實(shí)在意義，稱為有意連詞；that也可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但本身沒有實(shí)在意義，稱為無(wú)意連詞。

[第一關(guān)] 情境關(guān)

that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以作動(dòng)詞、形容詞等的賓語(yǔ)。主句中常見的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有say, know, hear, see, hope, think, believe, write, tell等。系動(dòng)詞加形容詞afraid, worried, sure等后，也可用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

如：I hope that he will come back soon. 我希望他能快點(diǎn)回來(lái)。

I am sure that he will write to me. 我相信他會(huì)給我寫信。

I'm afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. 恐怕如果你把它弄丟了，就得照價(jià)賠償。

[第二關(guān)] 引導(dǎo)詞that省略關(guān)

在由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，由于連詞that只起引導(dǎo)功能，無(wú)具體意義，不作句子成分, 因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常可省略,省略之后不影響原句性質(zhì)和意義。

如：She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk.她說(shuō)她會(huì)把那本書放在他的桌子上。

但是，在下列情況下，that不宜省略：

1. 主從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上寫著，它過去是演戲用的。

2. 從句中的主語(yǔ)是that時(shí)。如：He thought that that was a washing machine.他認(rèn)為那是一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)。

3. 若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的that賓語(yǔ)從句，且由并列連詞連接時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)連接詞that可以省去，其余需保留。如：My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑說(shuō)她要來(lái)，還要帶她的女兒來(lái)。

[第三關(guān)] that賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)

由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)，通常分三種情況：若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可根據(jù)具體情況選用時(shí)態(tài)；若主句是過去時(shí)，從句一般用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)；若從句表示的是客觀真理、名言、自然現(xiàn)象等，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制。

如： I think that he moved to Beijing five years ago.我想他是五年前搬到北京的。

He told me that he worked in that factory.他告訴我他在那個(gè)工廠上班。

The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. 老師說(shuō)光的傳播速度比聲音快得多。

[第四關(guān)] 否定轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)

主句若是I/We think (believe, guess, suppose, imagine...)時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句若要表示否定概念時(shí)，一般應(yīng)將否定詞not 轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語(yǔ)中。

如：I don't think (that) you are right. 我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。

[第五關(guān)] 反意疑問句關(guān)

含that賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句在變成反意疑問句時(shí)，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think，believe, guess, suppose, imagine等且主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，附加疑問部分要由從句決定；反之，附加疑問部分由主句決定。

如：I don't think that he can answer this question, can he?我認(rèn)為他答不出這個(gè)問題，不是嗎？

He said that Mary liked playing football, didn't he?他說(shuō)瑪莉喜歡踢足球，不是嗎？