Unit 23
Useful expressions
1. have on 有事、有約會(huì)
We have a dinner party on for tomorrow evening. 明天晚上我們打算參加晚宴。Sorry, I can't do any overtime this weekend - I've got too much on already. 穿著, 戴著: He had a beautiful new suit on. 他穿著一套好看的新衣服。這句什么意思？Billie has his walkman on all day long.
2. get together 聚集, 收集, 積累
When can we get together? 我們什么時(shí)候聚會(huì)？Get yourself together. 振作起來(lái)！It's ages since I got together with them for a drink. 掌握名詞get-together聚會(huì)，聯(lián)歡會(huì): They held a family get-together last month.
3. have a word with 說(shuō)幾句話
(=have a short conversation) I would like a word with you. Are you free now? 我想和你說(shuō)句話，你有時(shí)間嗎？We managed to have a quick word before the others arrived. 區(qū)分: have words 吵嘴；爭(zhēng)論
4. connect … with … 將...連起來(lái)；和...有關(guān)
Please connect me with Beijing University. 請(qǐng)給我接北京大學(xué)。They did not at first connect her with the crime. 他們開(kāi)始時(shí)并沒(méi)有把她和犯罪聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
5. in other words 換句話說(shuō)
相當(dāng)于that is to say：This kind of phone is cordless, in other words, it has no cords or wires. 這種電話是“無(wú)繩的”，換句話說(shuō)，電話上沒(méi)有導(dǎo)線。In other words, you can walk to a distant part of the office or factory to check the information without putting the phone down. 換句話說(shuō)，你可以走到遠(yuǎn)離辦公室或工廠的地方去核查資料，而無(wú)需把電話機(jī)放下。
掌握: in a word簡(jiǎn)而言之、概括地說(shuō) (In short; in summary): In a word, the situation is serious. 總而言之，形勢(shì)很?chē)?yán)峻。
6. free of charge 免費(fèi)
(= at no cost): All the books were given away free of charge. 所有的書(shū)都免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送。Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten-mile limit.
7. all the best
一般是在臨別時(shí)表示祝愿, 相當(dāng)于All the best wishes to you. 如: All the best in your new job. 祝你在新的工作崗位上一切順利。All the best with your family. 祝你全家都好。
Sentence patterns
1. The speaker's supposed to be excellent. 演講人應(yīng)該是一流的吧。
suppose是“猜想、認(rèn)為”的意思。常常用于不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) suppose sb./sth. to be，表示“認(rèn)為某人/某物怎樣”。本句是這個(gè)句子的被動(dòng)式，即sb./sth. is supposed to be…表示“某人/某物被認(rèn)為怎樣”、 “應(yīng)該”。如：Harry Potter is supposed to be one of the best films. We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不準(zhǔn)我們?cè)谛瞧谌仗咦闱颉ou're supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom.
2. They need to be strengthened every 3-4km. 因此，每隔3-4公里，信號(hào)就得增強(qiáng)。
need 表達(dá)“某人/物需要被……”時(shí)，后面要跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)need to be done，或動(dòng)名詞need doing (包含了被動(dòng)的含義), 如: The windows need cleaning. 或The windows need to be cleaned. 窗子需要擦了。I think these potatoes need to be cooked a little longer. 或need cooking 類(lèi)似的詞還有demand, require, want等。
Language tips
1. Hold on. I'll go and get her. 別掛上，我去叫她。
hold on 是“不要掛斷電話”。如：Hold on a minute.等一會(huì)兒。
2. At the beginning it was difficult to hear people over long distances. 開(kāi)始很難聽(tīng)到遠(yuǎn)方的人講話的聲音。
over在這里是“距離長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”的意思，在這里相當(dāng)于through，表示在空間上的跨越。例如：
drive over a road 沿著道路一直開(kāi)下去；over a good distance.在一長(zhǎng)段的區(qū)域中，在這里good相當(dāng)于程度副詞very。掌握這些搭配: stay over the holidays 一直呆到假期結(jié)束; can't tell you over the phone；不能通過(guò)電話告訴你; chat over coffee 喝著咖啡聊天; Think the problem over 全面地思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題; rule over a kingdom 統(tǒng)治一個(gè)王國(guó); speak to sb. over one's shoulder 轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭去和某人說(shuō)話; friends over the sea 海外的朋友; work over night 通霄工作
3. In those days, to make a call, you had to wind a handle at the side of your telephone. This produced enough electricity to make your call. 那時(shí)，你要打電話就得轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)電話機(jī)旁的搖柄，才會(huì)產(chǎn)生足夠的電供你打電話。
wind做動(dòng)詞，發(fā)音是[waind]，它的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是 wound, 讀作[waund],意思是“彎曲、蜿蜒”或者“纏繞”、“轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)、上發(fā)條”的意思。如：wind a wool into a ball把羊毛繞成球; Have you wound your watch? 表上發(fā)條了嗎？The path winds s (its way) through the woods. 這條路蜿蜒穿過(guò)樹(shù)林。下一句是什么意思？A gentle wind was blowing through the trees.
4. The operator connected the two numbers and made a note of the length of the telephone call and the charge. 接線員把兩個(gè)號(hào)碼接通然后記下通話的時(shí)間和電話費(fèi)。
make/take a note of… 是“記關(guān)于……的筆記”，如：make note of the lecture；做講課的筆記; Please make a note of my new address. 請(qǐng)把我的新地址記下來(lái)。took notes during the lecture 上課做筆記 區(qū)分: take note of 注意；發(fā)現(xiàn)
6. The problem with electrical signals is that they get weaker and weaker as they travel along metal wires. 電信號(hào)有一個(gè)難題，就是當(dāng)其沿著金屬導(dǎo)線傳送時(shí)，信號(hào)就會(huì)變得越來(lái)越弱。
the problem with … 是常用的結(jié)構(gòu): the problem with smoking 吸煙帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題; The problem with rubbish is very serious. （有關(guān)）垃圾問(wèn)題很?chē)?yán)重。
7. Light signals, however, can travel 150 km without getting weaker, and their signal is clearer too. 然而，光信號(hào)卻可以傳輸150公里而不減弱，而且光信號(hào)也比較清晰。
however在句中的位置比較靈活，可以放在句首、句中或句尾：多或少However I'll do it in my own way. 可是，我將照我自己的方式去做。Later, however, he made up his mind to do that.可是，后來(lái)他就下定決心去做了。He said it was so, he was mistaken, however. 他說(shuō)事情就是那樣，不過(guò)他錯(cuò)了。一般but只位于句首。
8. You can take it with you wherever you go, for example, when you go for a meal in a restaurant. 無(wú)論你走到哪里，例如去飯館吃飯，你都可以帶著它。
wherever you go 中的wherever是連詞，作“無(wú)論何地”，“不管…在哪里”解，引起一個(gè)表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：Wherever he goes, I'll go with him. 不論他走到哪里，我都跟他走。I will find her wherever she may be. 不管她可能在什么地方，我總會(huì)找到她的。
9. One new model has lately been developed for business people. 最近還為商務(wù)人員研制了一種新式機(jī)型。
lately意思是recently，作“近來(lái)”解，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用完成時(shí)，如: I haven't seen him lately.
最近我沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。Have you been on a bus lately? 你最近乘過(guò)公共汽車(chē)嗎？
10. You can record up to 20 different names with their telephone numbers on this kind of phone. 在這種電話機(jī)上你可以錄下20個(gè)不同的姓名和他們的電話號(hào)碼。
up to是“直到……，達(dá)到……”的意思，表示截止到什么數(shù)量或時(shí)間為止。例如：up to this time 直到此刻。up to常在表示時(shí)間的句子中，如：The family had lived in this house up to the 19th century. 這家族在這棟房屋中一直住到19世紀(jì)。up to還可以表示物理位置上的“直到”，例如：The snow came up to my knees. 雪集到了我的膝蓋。
Grammar
名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。有幾點(diǎn)要注意：
⑴that在句首不可省去: That he will come and help you is certain. 他來(lái)幫助你是確實(shí)無(wú)疑的。
⑵主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether不可用if : He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
⑶主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，句子常顯得笨重，因此一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引導(dǎo)詞“it”來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ): It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
⑷whether常與or not連用，不能用if代替, 另外作介詞賓語(yǔ)要用whether不能用if: Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢(qián)。
⑸同位語(yǔ)從句注意與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別，同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前一名詞做補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，that在從句中無(wú)語(yǔ)法位置，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾詞在從句中占一語(yǔ)法位置：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．(同位語(yǔ)從句)The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong．(定語(yǔ)從句)
Language record
In this unit I have learned to say in English:
Useful Expressions:
1．萬(wàn)事如意 2．通過(guò)衛(wèi)星傳送
3．記下費(fèi)用 4．電話會(huì)議
5．接通幾個(gè)電話號(hào)碼 6．帶著到處走
7．去飯館吃飯 8．查找資料
9．縫紉機(jī) 10．針線
Sentences:
1．我想和她說(shuō)句話。
2．讓我們另找個(gè)時(shí)間聚聚談?wù)劙伞?/p>
3．電話設(shè)備取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。
4．現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)出了特別給辦公室用的新型電話。
5．最近還為商務(wù)人員研制了一種新式機(jī)型。
6．問(wèn)題是在農(nóng)村很多女孩得不到良好教育。
7．與好書(shū)交朋友對(duì)你會(huì)終生有益。