Grammar Subjunctive Mood

虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)要點(diǎn)剖析

虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。下面分別介紹虛語(yǔ)氣在各種句式中的用法。

（一）虛擬氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句

條件狀語(yǔ)從句 主句

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

（be動(dòng)詞一律用were） 主語(yǔ)+would或should+動(dòng)詞原形

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式 主語(yǔ)+would或should+ have+過(guò)去分詞

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 A:謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

B:謂語(yǔ)用were to+動(dòng)詞原形

C:謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形 主語(yǔ)+would或should+動(dòng)詞原形

注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would可用于任何人稱，同時(shí)也可根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, might等等代替should, would。

1． 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：

If he had time, he would attend the meeting.

If I were you, I should study English.

2． 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：

If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.

3． 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：

If it were to / should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.

4． 注：當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。例如：

If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now.（從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去， 主句指的是現(xiàn)在。）

5． 以上句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式：

1） 從句省略if，用倒裝句式“were, had , should +主語(yǔ)”

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.

Were I in school again, I would work harder.

2） 用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)

But for（要不是） the rain we should have a pleasant journey.

Without air, there would be no living things.

(二)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句

1．“wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，漢語(yǔ)可譯為“可惜。。。”、“。。。就好了”、“悔不該。。。”“但愿。。。”等。

表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用“would (could)+動(dòng)詞原形”；表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用“had+過(guò)去分詞”或“(could) would+ have +過(guò)去分詞”。例如：

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

I wish you could go with us .

I wish it were spring all the year round.

2．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

He demanded that we (should) start right away.

The doctor ordered that she (should) have stay in bed for a few days.

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

注意：insist作“力言”、“強(qiáng)調(diào)”解時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。只有當(dāng)insist作“堅(jiān)持（應(yīng)該）”解時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

We insisted that she (should) go with us.

Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

（三）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句

作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

My idea is that he (should ) do exercises first.

We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should )go to Beijing for sightseeing.

（四）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在以as if ( as though)引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用。

如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had +過(guò)去分詞”；表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would (might , could)+動(dòng)詞原形”。

It looks as if it might rain.

He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.

但as if (as though)在后的從句也常用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這是因?yàn)閺木渲械那闆r往往是可能發(fā)生的或可被設(shè)想為真實(shí)的。

It looks as if our side is going to win.

（五）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句

在主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等。

It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

在上述三種主語(yǔ)從句中，should意為“應(yīng)該”、“竟然”，可以省去，但不可換用would。主句所用動(dòng)詞的確時(shí)態(tài)不限。

注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說(shuō)話人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表示驚奇，就可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇，that從句也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

It is a pity that you can’t swim.

It is strange that he did not come yesterday.

（六）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句

這種從句常用在”It is (high) time (that…)”句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，或“should +動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略，be用were）”來(lái)表示，意為“（現(xiàn)在）該。。。”。

It is high time we were going.

It is ( high) time we left (should leave ).

（七）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中

If only I had taken his advice. 我要是聽(tīng)他的話就好了。

If only I were a bird! 我如果是一只鳥(niǎo)就好了。

（八）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在If it were not for…中的應(yīng)用

此結(jié)構(gòu)意為“如果沒(méi)有”，表示同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。例如

If it were not for the rain, the crops should (would )die

If it had not been for…意為“如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有。。。”，表示同過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。

If it had not been for your timely help, I would have failed.

（九）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在would rather 后接從句的應(yīng)用

I’d rather she hadn’t done that.

（從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)指過(guò)去）

I’d rather you painted the wall green next time.

（從句用過(guò)去時(shí)指將來(lái)）

I’d rather you paid me now.

（從句用過(guò)去時(shí)指現(xiàn)在）

（此句中would的可看作是表愿望的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）

（十）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的應(yīng)用

1）表示說(shuō)話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌，使語(yǔ)氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話中。

Would you be kind enough to open the door?

It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

2）用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。

You had better go now.

Would you like a cup of tea?

3） 用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”，表示“祝愿”、“但愿”。may須置于句首。

May you be happy! /May you succeed!

歷屆高考題自我評(píng)估

1. If she had worked harder, she ____.

A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded

2. I wish I _____ you yesterday?

A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

3. If my lawyer _____here last Saturday, he _____me from going.

A. had been ；would have prevented B. had been; would prevent

C. were; would prevented D. were; would have prevented

4. Without electricity human life _____quite different today.

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

5. If he _____, he _____ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

6. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____for her.

A. had to write it out B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out

7. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.

A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

9. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired.

A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got

10. --- I stayed at a hotel white in New York.

--- Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.

A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed

11. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

12. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _____, too cold for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly

C. would be frozen cold D. Can freeze coldly

13. If only he _____ quietly the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

14. If you had _____ your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.

A. looked up B. thought about C. gone over D. gone round

15. What would have happened _____, as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

跟蹤練習(xí)

1. _____your letter, I would have written back two days ago.

A. If I received B. Should I received C. Had I received D. If I could have received

2. If I _____ you, I　would try again.

A. am B. was C. were D. be

3. If you _____ 5 minutes earlier, you _____him.

A. should come; had seen B. came; would see

C. come; will see D. had come; would have seen

4. If you _____ at school, you _____ a college student now.

A. had studied hard; would have been B. should have studied hard; should have been

C. had studied hard; would be D. would study hard; must have been

5. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____free.

A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set

6. Mother suggested that I _____my homework first before watching TV.

A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done

7. My suggestion was that the meeting _____ off untill next week.

A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting

8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.

A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting

9. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been B. has been C. was D. been

10. It is strange that he _____ interest in much of his research.

A. should have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. will lost

11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

12. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were B. had been C. are D. be

13. Should it rain, the crops _____.

A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved

14. He treated me as though _____his own son.

A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were

15. He smiled as if he _____ my thought.

A. read B. was reading C. had read D. has read

16. _____, all the students would hear.

A. If the teacher had spoken louder B. If the teacher will speak louder

C. Had the teacher spoken louder D. If the teacher spoke louder

17. If only I _____ my watch!

A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lose D. don’t lose

18. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make B. might have not made

C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made

19. “Have you ever been to Beijing?”

“No, but I wish I _____.”

A. have B. will C. do D. had

20. “ What will you do during the summer holiday?”

“I don’t know, but It’s high time _____ something.”

A. I’m deciding I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide

Answers: 歷屆高考評(píng)估： 1---5 DCADB 6---10 CDCDA 11---15 BACCC

跟蹤練習(xí)： 1---5 CCDCB 6---10 BBBAA 11---15 CCADC 16-20 DADDC