Unit10 The world around

Reference for Teaching

一、異域風情

Ⅰ.American Black Bears

American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name.In the eastern part of their range,most of these bears have shiny black fur,but in the west they grow brown,red,or even yellow coats.To the north,the black bear is actually gray or white in color.Even in the same litter(一胎所生的小動物),both brown and black furred bears may be born.

Black bears are the smallest of all American bears,ranging in length from five to six feet,weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds.Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell.

Like all bears,the black bear is timid(膽小的),clumsy(笨拙的)and rarely dangerous,but if attacked,most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds.When angry or frightened,it is a formidable(可怕的)enemy.

Black bears feed on leaves,herbs,roots,fruit,berries,insects,fish and even larger animals.One of the most interesting characteristics of bears,including the black bear,is their winter sleep.Unlike squirrels,woodchucks,and many other woodland animals,bears do not actually hibernate.Although the bear does not eat during the winter months,sustaining itself from body fat,its temperature remains almost normal,and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.

Most black bears live alone,except during mating(交配)season.They prefer to live in caves,hollow logs,or dense thickets(灌木叢).A litter of one to four cubs is born in January or February after a gestation(懷孕)period of six to nine months,and they remain with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old.Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild,and even longer in preserves(禁獵地) set aside for them.

Ⅱ.Americans And Their Pets

Americans love pets.And it’s not just puppy-love (不成熟的愛).Many pet owners treat their furry friends as part of the family.Sometimes they spice(使增添趣味)up their pets’ lives with entertaining videos and amusing toys.If they have an eye for fashion,pet owners can dress their pets in stylish clothes.For special occasions,they can use canine perfume(狗專用的香水)to make their dogs smell well,less beastly.You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children-sometimes even better.

In America,there are more households with pets than those with children.At least 43 percent of U.S. homes have pets of some sort.Exotic(外國產的)creatures,such as monkeys,snakes and even wolves,find a home with some Americans.More common pets include tropical fish,mice and birds.But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs.Americans sometimes have strong feelings about whether dogs or cats make better pets.“Dog people”and “cat people”often enjoy friendly rivalries(爭辯).

Leading a dog’s life in America isn’t such a bad thing.Many grocery stores sell pet foods to owners eager to please their pets.In Houston,Texas,dogs can have their dinner delivered to their homes,just like pizza.Well-to-do dogs can attend doggy daycare centers while their owners work.Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation.Fancy(豪華的)hotels are beginning to accommodate(接納……住宿)both man and beast.Furry guests at Four Seasons Hotel can enjoy gourmet(美食) meals served on fine china(精致瓷器)and sleep in soft beds.

Beneath the luxuries(奢華),there lies a basic American belief:Pets have a right to be treated well.At least 75 animal welfare(福利) organizations exist in America.These provide care and adoption(領養)services for homeless and abused(受虐待的)animals.Veterinalians(獸醫)can give animals very good health care-for a high price.To pay for the high-tech health care,people can buy health insurance for their pets.And when it’s time to say good-bye,owners can bury their pets in a respectable pet cemetery(墓地).

The average American enjoys having pets around,and for good reason.Researchers have discovered that interacting with animals lowers a person’s blood pressure.Dogs can offer protection from burglars(竊賊)and unwelcome visitors.Cats can help rid the home of unwanted pet.Little creature of all shapes and size can provide companionship and love.Pets even encourage social relationships:They give their owners an appearance of friendliness,and they provide a good topic of conversation.

Pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie.To Americans,pets are not just property,but a part of the family.

speaking

1．關于保護環境的建議的表達。

First of all. we need to,..

We should, , . so that, . ,

\We'd better. . . to keep. . . from doing. . .

If we know more about... ' we may able to, . .

If we want to live a better life' we must. ..

We ca/may help by doing...

There is a lot we can do to help，

As a result of the heavy rain，I caught a bad cold．因為這場大雨，我患了重感冒。

In follows that the fish in the river wi11 soon die because of the pollution．

可以斷定因為污染，這條河里的魚不久就會死去。

It will lead to many people becoming deaf．這會導致許多人耳朵變聾。

There is a 1ot we can do to make our world better。

為了使我們的世界更關妤，我們可以做很多事情。

We’d better take effective measures to keep this river from being po11uted．

我們最好采取有效的措施來防止這條河流受到污染。

Maybe we could discuss the matter with the manager of the company

也許我們可以與這公司的經理商討這件事。

sample dialogue:

R: Good morning: Mr Tiger. My name is Jim and I'm a reporter from China Daily. Uh, I am a little nervous, this is the first time I speak to a tiger. May I ask you some questions?

T: Sure. And don't be nervous, I won't eat you. Ha ha!

R: Urn, right, good... Now, how long have you been living in the zoo?

T: Oh, I came here, let me see, six years ago. I used to live in a forest, but people there cut down all the trees and I had to move. There were cities and people everywhere, so I had no place to go. The police came and took me to the zoo.

R: Do you like living in the zoo?

T: Well, it's not as good as being free, that's for sure. But at least I have food and friends.

R: I see. If you could say something to all the humans in the world, what would you tell them?

T: I would tell them to stop being so selfish. We all need each other and we should try to be friends. If people cut down trees and pollute the environment to make money, we will all suffer. And don't kill animals to make clothes -- when ! see people wearing animal furs at the zoo I get really angry.

R: Thank you. Um, would you please take your paw off my shoulder? It hurts.

T: I'm sorry. I guess I got a bit excited. Don't get me wrong. I like humans. I just wish they would be less selfish.

R: Thank you, Mr Tiger.

reading

整體閱讀

1.In what way nature seems to be cleverer than human beings?

A. It does not think. B. It is a better recycler.

C. It always stays calm. D. It never makes mistakes.

2. Which of the following is a way of "Respond" ?

A. Repair things and use them longer B. Show others how to protect the environment.

C. Try not to use harmful things. D. Reply when asked a question.

3. Which is the best title for Passage 2.9

A. Reduce the Amount of Rubbish B. Air, Water and Energy

C. Four Ways to Care about Nature D. Ecosystems

4. Steve Jone's words in the first paragraph of Passage 1 show that for many

people, __

A. sometimes saying is one thing, doing is quite another

B. protecting the environment has become a habit

C. they are alone in the world

D. they always do what they say

5. To protect an ecosystem, the best way is to __

A. kill the wild animals which feed on the plants

B. turn lakes into fields

C. develop industries quickly

D. leave things as they are

KEY:I.B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D

Key points

1.listening and speaking

1>When farmers cut down trees,tigers no longer hide and hunt.

no longer不再

＜辨析：no longer／no．…any longer／no more／not，…any more

以上四種表達都可以表示“不再”，但用法稍有區別。no longer可寫作not…any longer，no more可寫作not．…any more。一般來講，no longer為副詞短語，強調時間上的“不再”；而no more可作副詞性短語，也可作形容詞性短語和名詞性短語，它強調程度上的“不再”。有時兩者意義區別不明顯時可替換。經常情況下，no longer位于行為動詞的前面，位于be動詞的后面。如果不修飾名詞，no more多放在句尾使用。

①I shall go there no more．／I shall no longer go there．我再也不去那了。

②Time lost will return no more．時光一去不復返。

③He no longer works here．／He doesn’t work here any more．／He doesn’t work here any

longer．他已不在這工作了。

④He no longer loves her．／He loves her no more．／He doesn’t love her any longer．／He

doesn’t love her any more．他不再愛她了。

⑤We don’t trust you any more．／We trust you no more．我們不再信任你了。

⑤I’ve had enough．I want no more．我吃好了，一點也不要了。

⑦He is no longer a child。他不再是個孩子了。

⑧There is no more money left．再也沒錢剩下了。

2>There are few areas left where pandas can live.

left

[用法]剩下，此處為過去分詞做定語。

[聯想]leave的特別用法：

1.leave sb to do 讓某人去做某事

2.leave sb doing 使某人處于某種狀態

3.leave the window open 讓窗戶開著

3>Many of the world s animals and plants are in danger.

(一)in danger, in danger of, out of danger

(1)in danger“在危險中，處于危險之中”，常與be連用，強調主語處于某種危險之中。

e.g. The old man was knocked down by the motorbike. He was in danger.

那位老人被摩托車撞倒了，處于危險之中。

(2)in danger of“有……的危險”，后接動名詞或動名詞短語。

e.g. Some birds are in danger of dying away. 有些鳥 有滅絕的危險。

The man was in danger of losing his life. 那個人有生命危險。

(3)out of danger“脫離危險”，常與be連用。

e.g. He is out of danger now. 他現在已脫離危險。

4>Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out?

1。make sure用法歸納本短語意為“務必使……，務請……；查明，弄清楚”,其用法有幾點值得注意。

(1)后接that從句，從句要用一般現在時表示將來時。

e.g. Make sure you get there in time.務請準時到那兒。

I think the train leaves at four, but you’d better make sure.

我想火車4點離站，但你最好核實一下。

(2)后接名詞或動名詞時，須先接of或about。

e.g. We must make sure of the facts. 我們必須把事實搞清楚。

Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of getting a seat.早點到電影院，以便找到座位。

(3)跟不定式，表示“一定要”。

e.g. Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.

在你出去前一定要把收音機關掉。

2．die out，die away，die off和die down的辨析

die out指家庭、種族＂滅絕，死絕＂或做法、觀念＂完全消失，絕跡＂；die off指一群生物＂相繼死去＂；die away指聲音、風、光＂漸漸消失＂；die down指物質特性或情感＂逐漸平息＂。

The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out．

工廠使用童工的做法已幾乎絕跡了。

As she got older，her relatives died off．隨著她越來越老，她的親戚都相繼死去了。

The fire in the forest is dying down，and will soon die away．

森林的火勢在逐漸減弱，不久會消失的

[聯想]die away 逐漸消失;逐漸停止

[舉例]The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose.

大幕一升起,談話的聲音漸漸地停了下來.

In the struggle for life ,the species which had not been successful died out.

在生存競爭中,不能成功的物種就滅絕了.

5>Work together with your partner and try to think of some solutions to the problems.

together with

[用法]意同as well as; along with

[注意]在連接主語時,謂語動詞的數取決于充當主語的第一個名詞的數.

6>It will lead to...

lead to:導致

[舉例]The development of national economy has led to a life of happiness.

國家經濟的發展使人民過上了幸福生活.

Careless driving will lead to the loss of life. 開車大意會導致喪命.

7>Student A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as

the animal.

act as:充當;擔任

[比較]act vt. 扮演...角色; vi. 行動;做事;表演

8>Take turns asking and answering questions.

Take turns (in) doing sth.= do sth in turn: 輪流做某事

[聯想]take one’ s turn 依次輪流 by turns 交替;輪流 in turn 依次 out of turn 不按順序的

[舉例] 1.When people are waiting for the bus, he takes his turn.

2.The two boys took turns in driving to the faraway village.

3.She was happy and angry by turns.

2.reading

1>Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.

keep...from doing：“阻止、制止……做某事”

①Please keep the children from swimming in the sea．請別讓孩子們到海里游泳。

stop／prevent．…from．…為keep…．from．…的同義詞組，但前者的from可以省去，而

后者中的from卻不可省（如若省去from，則成為keep sb．doing sth．使某人一直做某事）。

②His parents stopped him（from）going there他的父母不讓他去那兒。

③Nothing can prevent her（from）doing so．什么也不能阻止她這樣做。

若表示“阻止做某事”，sth，作動詞的賓語，則from后應跟動名詞的被動語態，即

“阻止某事被做”。如：

④Nothing can stop the plan from being carried out．什么也不能阻止這項計劃的實施。

注意：在被動語態中，三個短語的from皆不可以省去

become endangered“變得處境危險，受到危害”。其中become為系動詞，其后可跟 形容詞、分詞和名詞作其表語。

become quiet變得安靜了

become known被知道了

become a teacher成為一名教師。

2>We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us.

本句是含有without條件狀語的非真實條件句，相當于一個隱藏的條件:if there were no plants and animals around us.它所表示的假設與現在的事實相反，句子需用虛擬語氣。與現在事實相反，條件從句需用過去時態。如：

Without air，there would be no living things．沒有空氣就沒有生物。

If you needed assistance, I could do something.

假如你需要幫助,我可以幫你做點什么.(看樣子,你不愿接受幫助)

3>He takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham.

tour

[用法]n. 1. 旅行,旅游,游覽 2. 巡視;巡回演出;巡回比賽

[舉例]Mr. Adams made a tour around East Asia last year.

亞當斯先生去年往東亞旅行了一次。

Their troupe is on tour in the South.

他們的劇團在南方巡回演出。

4>If we want to live a better life and have a bright future ,We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things. that do not harm other living things

◆句中的live a better life可以用lead或have代替，意義相同，在life一詞前可以使用

其他形容詞來表達不同的意義。如：

①lead／live／have a happy life過著幸福生活

②lead／live／have a quiet life過著平靜的生活

◆harm在這里作及物動詞，意為“傷害”；相當于do sb，／sth．harm或do harm to sb．／

sth．。harm也可作名詞。如：

③It will do you no harm．這對你沒有害處。

◆當way表示“方式”方法”在句中作先行詞，后被一個定語從句修飾時，引導定語從句可用that，也可以用in which，或什么都不用。下列三種說法都是正確的：

④I don’t like the way that he laughed at me

⑤I don’t like the way in which he laughed at me．

⑥I don’t like the way he laughed at me，我不喜歡他用那種方式來嘲笑我。

注意：定語從句,關系詞在從句中做主語,不可省略

[比較]I don t like the way that you laugh at her. 本句中way在定語從句中做狀語,關系詞用that或in which或省略.

[舉例]1.I was impressed by the way in which she did it.

◆act在作作不及物動詞，意為“行事，表現；（采取）行動”。又如：

⑦They acted quickly and put out the fire．他們迅速行動，將火撲滅。

⑧Think carefully before you act．三思而后行。

⑨He acted as if nothing had happened．他表現得好像什么事也沒發生。

◆act可表示“起作用”（vi．）

⑩The medicine is acting wel1．藥正在發揮效用。

◆扮演（vt.）；表演（vi.）；擔當（vi．）

⑾He acted Mao Zedong very wel1．他扮演毛澤東演得很好。

⑿He just wanted to see her act．他只是想看她演出。

⒀One of my friends acted as go-between．我的一位朋友充當中間人。

5>...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.

take measures

[用法]采取措施

[舉例]Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time.

6>A species can become endangered for different reasons.

speciesn. 種類;【生】種;人類[the S]

[注意]單復數相同

[舉例]There are many species of chrysanthemum.

菊花品種很多。

7>They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.

◆“used to”肯定式、否定式、疑問式及其后省略情況歸納

(1)used to的肯定式

used to意為“過去常常”，常用來表示現在與過去的對比或過去經常發生的情況，含有現在已沒有這種習慣。后接動詞原形，不接動名詞。

e.g.She used to take the bus. 她過去常乘公共汽車。

The river used to be clean. 這條河以前是干凈的。

(2)used to的否定式

used to的否定式為didn’t use to, usedn’t to或used not to,其中didn’t use to更常用。

e.g.He didn’t use/usedn’t/used not to come. 他過去不常來。

We usedn’t/used not to grow vegetables. 我們過去不種蔬菜。

(3)used to的疑問式

一般疑問式：可以是Did…,use to…,也可以是Used…to…

e.g.Did he use to come by bus?

Used he to come by bus? 他過去常乘公共汽車嗎？

Used you to smoke? 你過去抽煙嗎？

反意疑問式：

如果used to后要接be動詞，疑問部分則用didn’t…?或weren’t/wasn’t…?如果used to后接be動詞以外的其他動詞，疑問部分則用didn’t…?或usedn’t…?

e.g. There used to be a lot of flowers in the place, weren’t there/didn’t there?

這一帶過去有很多花，是嗎？

You used to grow wheat, didn’t you/usedn’t you? 你們過去種小麥，是嗎？

(4)used to后的省略式

如果used to后面是be，可省略be后的詞，但be本身不可省略；如果used to 后面不是be，而是其他動詞，則需省略used to 后面所有的詞。

e.g.Life isn’t so easy as it used to be. 現在生活不如從前那么安逸。

Mary studies Chinese as hard as she used to. 瑪麗學習漢語和過去一樣努力。

◆that is:那就是;即

[舉例]John is a New Yorker; that is, he lives in New York.

8>...,the animal or plant has to adapt to the change or find a new home.

adaptvt.1. 使適應,使適合 2. 改編,改寫 vi. 適應[(+to)]

[舉例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己適應新的情況。

10>The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help. that there is a lot we can do to help

[用法]that引導的是表語從句(名詞性從句的一種),其構成與賓語從句、主語從句類似.

[舉例]The trouble is that we don t have the computer.

11>Even small things can make a big difference.

make a difference: 有關系;有差別;重要

[聯想]make no difference 無甚差別;不要緊

[舉例]Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course.

12>Some of the original species becomes endangered

◆common，usual，Ordinary和general的辨析

common意為＂常見的，普通的，一般的＂，側重指共性，強調＂非特殊的，非優秀的＂或＂不足為奇的＂。usual意為＂通常的，尋常的，慣常的＂，多指符合慣例的。ordinarv意＂通常的，普通的＂，側重因符合事物的正常法則及一般規律而十分普遍。general意為＂一般的，普通的＂，指屬于大部分或大部分事物的屬性，因此是普通的、一般的，可能也包括了一些極少的例外。

1）Jack is a（an） name for a boy in English．

2〉When the accident happened，the crowd gathered．

3 ) He was late again as______________.

4)Although she was rich， she was always in ____________ clothes.

5）There is a（an）__________ interest in sports

(common, usual, usual, ordinary, general)

3.integrating skills

1>Professor Stevenson, who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer, gave a talk to Chinese college students.

devoted ... to ... 把...獻給...;把...專用于...

[舉例]We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children.

Einstein devoted himself to abstract research.

2>How many centers are there at present for the milu deer in China?

at present::現在;目前

[聯想]present的其他用法: n.禮物 a.在場的;出席的;現在的 vt.贈送,給予

presently adv. 一會兒;不久

[舉例]You may still keep the book for another week because I

am very busy at present.

What he said made all the people present at the

meeting moved a great deal.

Don t worry.The doctor will come to see you presently.

3>Without air, water and sunlight there would be no living things.

there would be

[用法]would仍是虛擬語氣用法,全句意為 (假如)沒有空氣,水和陽光,就不會有生命.

(而實際上,現在不可能沒有空氣,水和陽光)

[舉例]If I were you,I would take his advice.

如果我是你,我會接受他的意見.(我不可能是你,這是和事實相反的一種假設)

4>Human beings often throw away things they have used only once.

throw away:扔掉;拋棄

[舉例]I never had the habit of saving the match boxes.I just threw them away.

[聯想]throw off 扔掉;擺脫;匆匆脫掉(衣服)

[舉例]I wanted very much to throw off my old clothes so I went into a tailor s shop.

5>In fact,nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.

is much better at:可理解為be good at的比較級形式

6>May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers.

learn from:向...學習;從...吸取教訓

[舉例]We should learn from the advanced workers.

我們應該向先進工作者們學習.

Why don t you learn from my mistakes?

你為何不從我的錯誤中吸取教訓呢?

7>We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.

Respond vi. 1. 作答,回答[+to] 2. 作出反應;響應[+to/by/with]

[舉例]Has she responded to your letter?

她有沒有回過你的信?

The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.

政府已在壓力下放棄了這一建議。

8>A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.

easy to understand:這里的主語poster和understand雖然是動賓關系,但表語形容詞后的動詞不定式一般用主動式

[舉例]Jack is easy to fool.

He is difficult to deal with.

The man is hard to work with.

4>workbook

1>Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal.

Persuade:persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意為說服+成功;

而try to persuade意為 試圖說服,但不一定成功 ,相當于advise

2>They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals.

a large amount of:;同large amounts of,后接不可數名詞,做主語時謂語動詞的數取決于amount的數

[舉例]The number of letters we receive is increasing.

I have a large number of books on the subject.

We must often memorize large amounts of material.

3>Up to a hundred species become extinct every day.

Up to:此處意為 高達...

[聯想]What are you up to? 你在忙些什么？

It ‘s up to you!（由你做主）

I ‘m up to my ears[忙得不可開交；深陷于某事物中] in work.（我忙死了）

extincta.1. (火等)熄滅了的 2. 消亡了的;破滅了的 3. 絕種的,滅絕的

[舉例]The volcano is extinct. 這座火山是座死火山。

My hope of getting some employment was extinct. 我要找到工作的希望落空了。

The passenger pigeon is extinct. 旅鴿已絕種。

4>The Malayan sun bear is among the animals that need our help.

Among:在……當中

[舉例]A giraffe is the tallest among (or of) all animals.

5>The bears can t find enough food,so they have to go look for food on farms.

go look for：尋找

[舉例]Let s go look for some food. 讓我們去找點吃的.

6>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets.

keep ... as ...：把...當作寵物來喂養

[聯想]keep…as it is按原樣保留

[舉例] The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is.

7>Now that the basic conditions are set,it is time to think

how your world will work .

Now that：既然;由于,引導原因狀語從句

[舉例]Now (that) you are well again,you can travel.

5>單句改錯

1.At the present,we don’t have any trouble in solving the problems.

簡析：去掉第一個the,或在present后加time。

at present是固定短語，意為“現在、目前”。也可用at the present time 來表示。

2.Too much of the deer in the country have been killed.

簡析：將much改為many。too much后接的是不可數名詞。too many后接可數名詞。句中的deer是可數名詞，其單復數同形。

3.The sun was disappeared behind the cloud.

簡析：把was去掉。disappear表示“消失，失蹤”，是不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態。

4.Some day,I saw some foreign visitors in the park.

簡析：把Some改為One。some day和one day都作“有一天”講。但前者是指“將來有一天”，只能用于將來時態的句子中；后者既可用于“過去的某一天”，也可用于“將來的某一天”。

5.There used to have an old temple in the village.

簡析：把have改為be。used to用于there be結構中，即There used to be…意為“過去有……”。

6>高考真題

1.(1999 上海)My parents always let me have my own___________of living.

A.way B.method C.manner D.fashion

簡析：答案為A。have one’s own way of doing sth.是習慣用法，意為“有自己做某事的方法”。

2.(NMET 1998)-Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?

-I’m afraid ___________day is possible.

A.either B.neither C.some D.any

簡析：答案為B。前句提到Monday or Tuesday,意為在兩者之中選擇，故可排除C、D兩項。后文用I’m afraid…來回答，顯然是否定含義，故選neither，意為兩天都不可能。

3.(2002 北京)All the people___________at the party were his supporters.

A.present B.thankful C.interested D.important

簡析：答案為A。由句意可知是“所有出席宴會的人都是他的支持者”，故只能選present。當“出席，在場”講時，present作定語放在所修飾詞后。

4.(NMET 2000)-Is John coming by train?

-He should,but he___________not.He likes driving his car.

A.must B.can C.need D.may

簡析：答案為D。must not意為“禁止，不許”；need not意為“不必”；can表推測多用于否定、疑問句中，但can not表“不可能”，與句意不符。只有may not表示“有可能”。