本章教學目標

(1)提高交際能力，掌握表示“寧愿/不愿(某人)做某事”的交際用語；

(2)通過對課文的理解，提高閱讀理解能力，了解有關音樂和詩歌的一般知識；

(3)通過詞語、句型、語法的學習，提高語言運用能力，學會-ing形式作表語、定語、賓語補足語的用法。

重點難點突破

【對話】

1．At the end some songs that everyone's familiar with are sung, they can join in.晚會結束時演奏幾首大家都熟悉的歌曲，這樣他們可以加入進來。

familiar adj.“熟悉的”。sb.be familiar with sth./sb.,sb./sth.be familiar to sb.意思都是“某人對某事或某人熟悉”，但注意主語和介詞的不同。例如：

I'm not very familiar with electrical engineering.我對電氣工程不太熟悉。

These are the facts that are familiar to every schoolboy.這些是每個學童所熟知的事實。

2．Maybe some folk songs to start with?是不是先來幾首民歌？

(1)start with(=begin with)以……開始

His illness started with a high fever.他的病開始時發燒。

We had only six teachers to start with.開始時我們只有六位老師。

The ocean began with little drops of water.大洋是點滴水會集而成的。

(2)to start with(=to begin with)作“首先，第一”解。

To start with, the day was fine ,but then it began to rain.開始時天氣很好，后來開始下雨了。

3．Otherwise we won't be able to hear ourselves talk.

(1)otherwise為連詞，意為“否則”、“不然”，相當于or或or else。

Do what you have been told; otherwise/or else you will be punished.照吩咐的去做，否則你會受懲罰的。

(2)otherwise還可以作副詞，意為“在其他方面”，“在不同的情況之下”。

The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.租金是貴的，但在另一方面。這屋子還是令人滿意的。

The boy is naughty, but otherwise he is always doing well as he is told.這孩子很頑皮，但在其它方面，他總是按照吩咐把事情做好。

(3)otherwise也可用作“不同的”、“不那樣”、“用其他的方法”。

It is clear that you think other wise很清楚，你有不同的想法。

4．perform v.用于perform a play, a dance or a piece of music“表演，演出”

He performed for them a dance of his native.他為他們表演了家鄉舞。

The monkeys performed wonderfully at the circus.猴子們在馬戲團里表演的非常精彩。

The children like to watch a magician perform tricks.孩子們喜歡看魔術師表演魔術。

(1)perform除了表示“演出”之外，還可做“施行，執行，完成”解釋。

One should always perform what one promises.一個人應該始終履行自己的諾言。

The doctor performed the operation with success/successfully.醫生成功地實施了這臺手術。

He not only promised ,but also performed.他不僅許諾，而且兌現。

(2)perform有時可指機器等的運行情況。

The machine can perform three operations at a time.這部機器可同時進行三種作業。

The jeep performed well on hills.這種吉普車在山路上跑得很好。

【課文】

1．-Are you going to Mary's wedding party on Saturday?周六你參加瑪麗的結婚慶典嗎？

-No, l didn't know she was getting married.不，我并不知道她要結婚了。

注意這個對話中的時態的變化，問話者用的是將來時，而回答者卻用了一般過去時，因為回答者省略了他們彼此都明白的一個時間狀語“在你告訴我之前，”我并不知道此事，但現在我顯然已經知道了，因而回答者用了一般過去時。這是語言的靈活運用能力，平時同學們要注意這類題，這也是近年來常考的一種題型。注意觀察下列典型句子：

--Do you mean John?你指的是約翰？

--Yes, he wrote a note to me yesterday.是的，他昨天給我留了個便條。

--Come on, Peter. I want to show you something.過來彼得，我想給你看樣東西。

--Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift噢，你對我真好！我從未想過你會給我買禮物。

2．l think at the beginning we'd rather have some fairly quite and peaceful music.我想開始的時候還是來點稍微柔和、平靜的音樂為好。

(1)would rather do sth.=would prefer to do sth.意為“寧愿干某事”。類似的短語還有：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth/prefer doing sth.to doing sth./prefer doing sth. rather than doing sht.

would rather do sth.than do sth.意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。

He'd rather stay at home reading than join us in the walk.他寧愿在家看書而不愿和我們一起去散步。(=He'd prefer to stay at home rather than join us in the walk.)

(2)would rather還可以跟從句，從句中常用過去時或過去完成時。

I'd rather you phoned to me now than tomorrow.我寧愿你今天給我打電話而不是明天。

I'd rather you had not told him about the matter.但愿你沒把那事告訴他。

3．Many people earn their living by writing music.許多人靠寫歌謀生。

(1)earn one's living自行謀生，還可以說earn或gain ,make one's livelihood, earn daily bread。

(2)earn為動詞，意為“賺”、“掙得”、“博得”，除了掙錢外，還表示“贏得榮譽、地位、尊敬”。

The old man earned his living/made a living as a fisherman.這老人以捕魚為生。

The writer earns/brings in￡5000 a year by writing novels.這位作家一年通過寫小說掙得伍千英鎊。

Mr White earned/got/ received/gained the doctor's degree.懷特先生獲得了博士學位。

(3)earn后面可接的介詞是by, with,或for。例如：

Tom's father earned his money with hard work.湯姆的父親靠辛勤勞動掙錢。

4．On festivals they used to act and sing in praise of heroes who lived long ago.在節日里他們表演并歌頌以前的英雄。

(1)in praise of“為……頌揚，為……歌頌”

The teacher spoke in praise of the student who helped the old man walk across the street.老師表揚了那位幫助老人過馬路的學生。

We will put on some new plays in praise of our heroes who lost their lives in fighting against the floods.我們將上演幾部新劇以歌頌在抗洪中獻身的人們。

(2)praise作動詞時，后一般不用that從句，或praise sb,而說praise sb.for sth.一些其它短語：give praise to 表揚win high praise受到高度贊揚sing high praise for高度贊揚The Chinese people are praised for loving peace.中國人民以熱愛和平而受到稱贊。

He was praised up to the skies他被吹捧上了天。

5．The type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to.這種音樂在英國已經很有名氣，是很好的舞蹈音樂。

這里to是介詞，意為“伴著”、“隨著”、“比較”等。例如：

Strange enough, the snake began to move to the music.奇怪的是，蛇隨著音樂節拍動了起來。

The picture is true to nature.那幅畫很逼真。

He is quite rich now to what he used to be.比起他過去的情形來，他現在富多了。

It is nothing to what it might be.比起它可能的發展，這算不了什么。

We won by six goals to three.我們以六比三獲勝。

6．With colors than never fade. 永不掉色。

(1)fade vi“退色，凋謝，使衰弱”。例如：

Flowers soon fade when they are cut.花折下不久即會凋謝。

The strong sunlight faded the curtains.強烈的陽光使窗簾退了色。

The old man is fading away.這老人漸漸衰弱了。

(2)fade意為從視線中、聽覺中或記憶中漸漸消失。

The sound of cheering and singing faded away in the distance.歡呼聲，歌聲漸漸消失在遠處。

My anger faded.我的氣逐漸消了。

7．On festivals與at festivals

這兩個詞組都表示“在節日，”但側重不同，如果指的是節日當天，應用on。如：on New Year's Day元旦那天，on Christmas Day圣誕節那天，on Christmas Eve圣誕節前夕，on Spring Day在春節那天，on Children's Day在兒童節那天等等。但把節日視為一個時節，即意旨節日的整個期間，則應用at。如：at Christmas圣誕節期間，at Easter復活節期間等等。如：

How do people greet their friends at Christmas?圣誕節期間人們是怎樣向朋友問候的？

The usual greeting is “A Merry Christmas”。And at New Year, we say“A Happy New Year”.一般是說：“祝你圣誕快樂。”新年我們說：“祝你新年快樂”。

We have a holiday at New Year.新年期間我們放假。

We will start our journey on New Year's Day.我們將于元旦那天開始我們的旅程。

【重點難點解析】

1. Have you decided what music you'd like us to play at the party?

你是否決定了在晚會上希望我們演奏哪種音樂?

would like(sb. ) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事

①What would you like to do for me?

②He'd like his parents to understand him better.

2. I'd prefer them not to play too loudly.

我寧愿他們不要演奏太嘈雜的音樂。

①prefer sb. (not) to do.

寧愿某人(不)做……

I prefer you not to spend so much time on those meaningless things.

②prefer A to B 與B相比更喜歡A。

I prefer bananas to apples.

③prefer to do sth. ……rather than(to) do sth.

He preferred to die rather than(to) steal.

④prefer to do sth. …instead of doing sth.

I prefer to dance instead of singing.

⑤I prefer swimming to skating. =I like swimming better than skating.

3. The people performing all play different instruments and three of them sing too.

表演人演奏不同的樂器，其中三個人還唱歌。

You often see musicians performing in the streets to passers-by.

你可以經常看到音樂家在街上為過路的人表演。

1)動詞-ing做定語：

A. 表示所修飾的名詞的用途。如：

climbing boots=boots for climbing 登山靴

drinking water=water for drinking 飲用水

walking stick=stick for walking 拐杖

swimming pool=pool for swimming 游泳池

washing machine=machine for washing 洗衣機

這時的動詞-ing形式叫動名詞。

B. 表示所修飾名詞的動作或狀態和所修飾的名詞之間有主謂關系，相當于定語從句。如：

sleeping baby=baby who is sleeping 睡著的嬰兒

living things=things which live 生物

smiling children=children who are smiling 微笑的孩子們

flying fish=fish that can fly 飛魚

working people=people who work 勞動人民

這時的動詞-ing稱為現在分詞。

2)動詞-ing作賓補，常跟在感官動詞后，說明賓語所處的狀態或所進行的動作。如：

You can hear my sister singing in the next room.

We watched the professor doing the experiment carefully.

3)一般說，作定語的-ing形式如果是單個的詞，通常放在被修飾名詞前面；如果是-ing短語 ，，則放在被修飾名詞的后面。如：

The rising sun looks very beautiful.

The sun setting in the west looks more beautiful.

單個-ing形式作定語時，間或也可以放在被修飾詞的后面。如果被修飾詞為代詞，則通常放在此代詞的后面。如：

The people smoking are not welcome here.

Those standing were asked to sit at the back.

Who is the one crying?

核心知識

【常用單詞積累】

be familiar with otherwise start with earn one's living pass down learn. . . by heart in praise of at a time pass on good music to dance to have one's roots in ring out get married

【基礎知識精講】

1. Otherwise we won't be able to hear ourselves talk.

要不然我們連自己講話的聲音都聽不到了。

(1)句中的otherwise為連詞，意為“否則，要不然”，同or。e. g.

①I am tired, otherwise I would go with you. 我累了，不然我會跟你一起去了。

②Run fast, otherwise you'll be late. 快跑，否則會遲到。

(2)otherwise還可作“用別的方法，不同地”解。是副詞。e. g.

You obviously think otherwise. 顯然你的想法不同。

(3)otherwise還可表示“在其他方面，除此以外”。為副詞。e. g.

The rent is high, but otherwise the house is fine. 租金貴是貴，但房子倒很好。

習慣搭配

(1)otherwise和or(else) (or else表示強調)都可作“否則，要不然”解，有時可以通用，但or多用于祈使句。e. g.

Hurry up, or/otherwise you'll miss the train. 快點，不然你會趕不上火車的。

(2)在表示“威脅”時，多用or。e. g.

Give me your money, or I'll kill you! 把錢給我，否則我就殺了你!

2. Folk music has been passed down from one generation to another.

民間音樂是一代一代流傳下來的。

(1)句中的pass down作“傳下來(去)，流傳”解。常用于被動語態。e. g.

①the skill that was passed down from father to son. 由父輩傳給子輩的技藝

②This custom has been passed down for many centuries. 這個習俗已經流傳好幾百年了。

(2)from one generation to another 作“一代一代地”解，亦可用from generation to generation。e. g.

Good traditions should be passed down from generation to generation. 好的傳統應該世代相傳。

習慣搭配

動詞pass的常見搭配還有：

pass away (die的委婉說法) 去世

pass by 經過；不注意；忽視(同pass over)

pass on 去世(同pass away); 繼續下去；傳給(另一人)

pass out 昏過去，失去知覺

pass over 經過……的上空；忽略，忽視(同pass by)；放過，寬恕；對……不予理會

pass up 錯過(機會等)

3. On festivals they used to act and sing in praise of heroes who lived long ago.

在節日里，他們表演并歌頌生活在很久以前的英雄們。

句中的in praise of作“贊美，歌頌”解，常用作狀語、定語或表語。e. g.

①All sides of the community joined together in praise of the police's prompt action. 社會各界一致贊揚警方行動的迅速果斷。

②She is working on a book in praise of country life. 她正在寫一本贊美鄉間生活的書。

③The song was in praise of the labouring people. 那首歌是歌頌勞動人民的。

習慣搭配

in praise of是一個介詞詞組，其中praise為不可數名詞。而表示“贊美，歌頌”還可以用sing the praises of sb. /sth. 或sing sb. 's/sth. 's praises. sing high praise for意為“高度贊揚或評價”、“極力贊美”。這些都是動詞詞組，常用作謂語。另外，praise可用作及物動詞“贊揚，表揚”。praise for意思是“因……而稱贊/表揚”；praises意思是“稱贊……是……”。e. g.

①The leader spoke in praise of those who had died for their country. 領導表彰了為國捐軀的人們。

②Everyone's singing the praises of his new film, but I don't think much of it. 大家都在對他的新影片大加贊揚，可我卻并不覺得怎么樣。

③The doctor praised her for her courage. 醫生稱贊她的勇氣。

④People praise him as a genius. 人們夸他是天才。

4. In this way, stories were pass on from one person to another.

故事就是通過這種方式流傳下來的。

(1)句中的pass on作“傳給，流傳”解。e. g.

①Please read the note and pass it on. 請傳閱這張便條。

②The news was passed on by word of mouth. 消息通過口頭傳開了。

(2)pass on還可用作die的委婉說法，相當于pass away。e. g.

The old man passed on/away peacefully the next morning.

第二天早晨老人安祥地去了。

(3)pass on亦可作“繼續下去”解。e. g.

Shall we pass on to the next problem? 我們接著談下一個問題，好嗎?

5. It came from work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa.

它是從黑人勞動時所唱的歌曲演變而來的，它起源于非洲。

(1)句中的root是名詞，意為“根源，來源”。had its roots in作“起源于，來源于”解。e. g.

①Money is often said to be the root of all evil. 人們常說金錢是萬惡之源。

②His illness has its roots in unhappiness. 他的病來源于不開心。

(2)名詞root原意是指“(植物)的根部”，也可指“(毛發、牙齒、指甲或舌頭等的)根部”。e. g.

①The hurricane pulled many trees by the roots. 颶風把許多樹木連根拔起。

②Do you think the new rosebush has taken root? 你看新栽的玫瑰長根了嗎?

(3)復數roots常可用來“家族的根，祖籍”。e. g.

Many Americans have roots in Europe. 許多美國人祖籍在歐洲。

(4)語法中，root可指“(詞的)原形，詞根”。

(5)root還可用作動詞，意為“(植物)生根成長，使(某人)站立不動(尤用于被動語態)，(思想、習慣等)深深扎根”等。e. g.

①Does this plant root easily? 這種植物容易生根嗎?

②Fear rooted him to the spot. 他嚇得呆若木雞。

6. And the dear friends have to part.

親愛的朋友只得各奔東西。

(1)句中的part為動詞，作“分手，離別”解。e. g.

①They parted sadly at the station. 他們在火車站傷心地分了手。

②The war parted many men from their families. 戰爭使許多人與家人分離。

(2)part還可作“(使)分成部分，(使)散開”解。e. g.

①The clouds parted and the sun shone. 云層散開，陽光普照。

②She parted the curtains and looked out. 她拉開窗簾往外看。

習慣搭配

part as friends友好地分手，part from與……分手/離別和part with舍棄，放棄

①I hope we can part(as) friends. 希望我們分手了還是朋友。

②It's not easy to part with one's favourite things. 舍棄自己最喜愛的東西是不容易的。

單元知識綱要】

類 別

語 言 項 目

詞 匯

familiar, nowadays, marry, perform, be familiar with, earn one's living, learn. . . by heart, passion, as well, at a time, get married.

日常交

際用語

Have you decided what music you'd like us to play at the party?

I think at the beginning we'd rather have some fairly quiet and peaceful music.

What's your favourite kind of music?

Our job is playing all kinds of music.

語 法

動詞-ing形式作表語、定語以及賓補。

典型例題

【基礎題】

★例1 When I was at college I _________three foreign languages, but I _______all except for a few words of each.

A．spoke ;had forgotten B．spoke ;have forgotten

C．had spoken; had forgotten D．had spoken ;have forgotten

導析：該句的句意為“我在上大學之時能說三門外語，但現在除了幾個單詞之外幾乎全忘了“前一分句是說大學的事情，從狀語中已經得知在過去，主句也用一般過去時。后一個分句說的事情表示延續到現在的狀況，用現在完成時符合題意。答案：B

★例2

--Your phone number again? I _________quite catch it.

--It's 9568442.

A．didn't B．couldn't

C．don't D．can't

導析：本題解答的關鍵是要抓住again這個信息詞，便得知是剛才沒聽清楚，請再重復一邊。答案：A

【易錯題】

★★ 例 Robert is said __________ aborad, but I don't know what country he studied in.

A．to have studied B．to study

C．to be studying D．to have been studying

導析：本題考察的是不定式作主語補足語的用法。如果用不定式的一般時，進行時或完成時的話則與后文的“studied”所表示的過去時間不一致。本文所表達的意思是羅伯特在國外學習過，學習這個動作現已完成，所以只能用不定式的完成時。答案：A

【創新題】

★★例1 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.

A．not make B．not to make

C．not making D．do not make.,

導析：從本句的意義和結果來看，被填進去的成分應該與前面的一樣充當系動詞的表語。為了前后一致，既然前面用了不定式，后面也應該用不定式。答案：B

★★例2 He was walking in the street in the darkness when he heard someone _________out a_________ scream.

A．let; frightening B．let; frightened

C．to let ;frightening D．to let; frightened

導析：本題的第一個空不難判斷，因為感官動詞后面的補足語如為動詞不定式，不定式符號to要省略，因此答案只能選A或B。但第二個空里有一個陷阱，作為一個抽象短語a frightening scream譯為“一聲令人恐懼的尖叫”。但此句并非強調聲音令人恐懼，而是指發出尖叫聲的人處于一種恐懼的狀態，因而用過去分詞。答案：B

【高考題】

★★例(1998年，全國)

--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

--Oh, did you ?You ____________with Barbara.

A．could have stayed B．could stay

C．would stay D．must have stayed

導析：本題是考查情態動詞的用法。由題干可知，本題屬于情態動詞在交際語言中的具體運用。有題干這一信息句可知本題所選的答案表示對過去事實的推測，B、C兩項排除，而D項過于肯定，與題意不符。答案：A

【閱讀分析點撥】

Tokyo: Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire(藍寶石) worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum.

“Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but it's different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel, ” a police official said.

Exhibition officials said that a person bitten(咬) by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved. Medicine was being kept ready at a nearby hospital.

Star sapphires and other valuable jewels worth a total of one million dollars are on show behind glass. Hundreds of visitors came to see the special blue star sapphire and were surprised when they say the sixty centimetre long brown guards.

1. Using snakes at exhibitions of valuable objects is .

A. quite normal B. never allowed

C. often necessary D. usually forbidden

解析 這是一道細節題。文中第二自然段中“Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition object, but…”. 為該題的答案提供了依據，只要考生抓住句中的normally和but兩個關鍵詞，便可得出最佳答案為D。

2. The jewels were being shown in .

A. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museum

C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum

解析 該題要求考生根據文中的兩個信息來選擇正確答案，即…are being exhibited at a hotel. 和文章開頭的Tokyo，并知道Tokyo(東京)是日本首都這一常識性問題，才能得知該題的最佳答案為C。

3. Why were the snakes and jewels at the same exhibition?

A. They were both special things from India

B. The snakes were there to keep the jewels safe

C. The organizers wanted to do something unusual

D. People liked to visit an exhibition guarded by snakes

解析 這是一道推理判斷題。最佳答案是B。該題要求考生能深刻理解文中第二自然段的內含并綜合出其言外之意。該段的意思是“正常情況下展品嚴禁由毒蛇來保衛，但這次不同，因為珠寶首飾在賓館里展出”。由此可見，賓館的安全設施不如展覽館，所以由毒蛇來保衛 。故最佳答案為B。

4. Many visitors came to the exhibition because

A. the snakes were on show

B. so many jewels were being exhibited

C. exhibition officials said it was special

D. they were interested in seeing a famous jewel

解析 這是一道細節題。文章結尾的一句話是該題的答案信息，但考生必須清楚句中the special blue star sapphire是指選項中的a famous jewel，否則就會選其它答案。該題的最佳答案為D。即：“眾多參觀者來是因為他們對一種馳名的珠寶感興趣，而這種珠寶便是特制的藍寶石。”

【課本難題解答】

Lesson 81

2. 1)what music we will play at the beginning of the evening party

2)how many people will be invited to my birthday party

3)not to go to his wedding party

4)not to drink too much wine

5)not to smoke at the evening party

6)have some soup to start with

7)listen to some fairly quiet and peaceful music before going to bed.

說明：6)或填start with some soup

3)、4)、5)中的“not to go. . . ”, “not to drink. . . ”, “not to smoke. . . ”是動詞不定式的否定式。

Lesson 83

1. 1)down; from; to 2)On; in; of 3)In; from

4)In; in 5)out of; of; with 6)at; with; in

說明：3)keep sth from doing相當于stop. . . from. . . “阻止”；“防止”。

5)make. . . out of“用……制成”，不強調是否看得出原材料。

3. 洗衣機 游泳池 寫字臺

候車(診)室 跳水板 舞廳

臥車 閱讀材料 聽力訓練

吸煙室 寫字紙(信紙) 開幕詞

工作時間 閉幕詞 更衣鏡

building material; bathing cap; washing room;

drinking water; walking stick; racing car;

translating machine; changing room; sewing machine;

booking office; running water; training class;

說明：以上都是動名詞作定語。現在分詞和動名詞的構成形式一樣，即在動詞原形后加ing。現在分詞和動名詞都可以位于名詞前作定語，修飾該名詞。它們的區別是：現在分詞作定語，它和被修飾的名詞在邏輯上是主謂關系。例如：a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping，“正在睡覺的孩子”。動名詞作定語，它和被修飾的名詞在邏輯上是動賓關系，表示該名詞的用途。例如：a sleeping car=a car for sleeping “一輛臥車”。

Lesson 84

1. 1)otherwise 2)folk 3)musical

4)performance 5)memory 6)faded

7)drum; hammer 8)notes 9)flaming

10)generation 11)whispered 12)type

13)pattern

說明：5)I've got a bad memory 我的記憶力差。

9)a flaming sky 火焰般的天空，flaming是現在分詞作定語，修飾sky。

【有關"Unit 21 Music" 的教學設計】

教學設計1. g2u21 Music 教案

學習目標：

單元雙基學習目標

Ⅰ. 詞匯學習

familiar ，be familiar with ，cap， note， can ( n . ) ， hammer ，memory， tin ，marry ，get married ，single ，square， otherwise， perform， wedding， musical ，generation ，learn， by heart ，in praise of， hero ，nowadays， passerby ( 復數形式是： passers - by )，pattern， root ，thought ，gay ，ray ，part ( vt . ) ，soul ，iron，ironing ，board， whisper，jazz， folk， instrument， violin ，earn one's living ，drum ，carol ，flaming， fade

Ⅱ. 交際英語

1. I think at the beginning we'd rather have …

2. I'd prefer them not to…

3. I'd rather have … to start .

4. I'd rather not have …

5. Have you decided … ?

6. I've decided to …

Ⅲ. 語法學習

- ing 形式作表語、定語和賓語補足語的用法

1 . 動詞的 ing 形式包括名詞和現在分詞，二者都可作表語。如：

Our job is playing all kinds of music . ( 動名詞 )

The music they are playing sounds so exciting . ( 現在分詞 )

注：一般來講，動名詞 ( 短語 ) 作表語，主表可互換，即：Playing all kinds of music is our job .

現在分詞作表語，表明主語的性質和特征，主表不可互換。

2 . - ing 形式做定語可以表示 1 ) 所修飾名詞的用途。如：

a waiting room ( = a room for waiting ) 候車室

a walking stick ( = a stick for walking ) 手杖

a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) 臥車

2 ) 所修飾名詞正在進行的動作，可以換成定語從句形式。 如：

a waiting man ( = a man who is waiting ) 正等待著的男人

a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) 正睡覺的孩子

a walking man ( = a man who is walking ) 正散步的男人

3 . 在 see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等感觀動詞后可以用 - ing 形式做賓語補足語。這時 - ing 形式和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系，并且 - ing 形式表示賓語正在進行的動作。如：

He saw a girl getting on the tractor . ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor . ) 他看見一個女孩在往拖拉機上爬。

Do you hear someone knocking at the door? 有人敲門你聽見了嗎?

教案內容：

【關于“Unit 21 Music”的常見問題】

常見問題1: Unit 21 Music

問題：

-We'd like you the part of a young lady in the musical.

-I'd love , but I have to practise a lot .

A. to play; to; singing B. to play; to do; singing

C. play; to; sing D. play; to play; to sing

解答:

分析 答案為A。would like sb. to do sth. 為固定句式； I'd love/like to后不接動詞為應答的習慣用法，practise后面接動詞只能用-ing形式，這兒practise為vt。

常見問題2: Unit 21 Music

問題：

I write my own songs and I play guitar as well.

A. a B. the C. 不填 D. an

解答:

分析 答案為B。樂器前通常加定冠詞，如：play the violin/piano，而在球類及棋類前不加冠詞，如：play football/chess。

常見問題3: Unit 21 Music

問題：

He made a promise he came to the city he would visit me.

A. that B. that if C. whether D. if

解答:

分析 答案為B。promise后面是個同位語從句，說明promise 的內容，并且在同位語從句中又有一個條件狀語從句。同位語從句的引導詞that不可省掉。