Lesson 31

Teaching Aims :

1. Use the following word and phrase correctly .

Four skills : cheese , just now

2. Revise the restrictive Attributive Clause

3. Revise the Passive Voice .

Teaching Important Points :

1. How to translate an restrictive Attributive Clause

2. How to choose a relative pronoun to introduce an Attributive Clause .

Teaching Difficult Points

How to choose a relative pronoun to introduce an Attributive Clause

Teaching Methods :

Pairwork / individual activity to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids : 1. a slide projector 2. some slide cards

Teaching Procedures :

Step I . Greeting

Greet the students as usual , Ask two students to have a free talk about food in front of the class.

Step II . Revision

( First , dictate some of the new words and expressions . Then teacher asks the students to make up sentences with the words " prepare , ship , discover " and the expression " a number of " )

T : Will you please make up a sentence with the word " prepare " , SA?

SA : OK .

T : Please write your sentence on the blackboard .

T : Would you like to make up a sentence with the phrase " a number of " and write it on the blackboard . SB ?

SB : Yes . I' d love to .

…

( Then the teacher checks the sentences on the blackboard with the class and corrects the mistakes if there are any . )

Step III . Questions and answers .

( Go through the questions with the Ss and tell them to pay attention to the predicate verbs .)

T : What can you find out in the predicate verbs ?

SA : The Passive Voice is used in each predicate verb .

T : Can you give some other examples in which the Passive Voice is used ?

SB : Yes , I' ll try . For example , English is spoken in many parts of the world . Another example : The blackboard was cleaned by Li Ming .

T : Very good , Sit down , please , the basic form of the Passive Voice is " be + P.P" .

( Bb : Write " Lesson 31 and be + P.P ." on the Bb.)

( Then teacher tells the Ss to work in pairs , asking and answering the questions , according to the passage in Lesson 30 . Allow the Ss some minutes to do this practice , then ask some pairs to tell their answers to the class. If there are some mistakes , the teacher may point them out and tell the Ss the right answers :

Suggested answers :

1. At least 450 years ago .

2. Because it did not need as much water as rice , it was able to grow in Tibet and Sichuan .

3. It is often boiled or cooked whole over an open fire .

4. Tomatoes , beans , potatoes and different fruits .

5. Because it can be grown in cold places where rice can' t be grown .

6. Many kinds of fruit , for example , apples , pears , oranges and so on .

Step IV . Explanation

( Tell the students to recall the relative pronouns introducing the Attributive clause and tell them the function of each relative pronoun .)

T : SA , Will you please tell the class which words can introduce an Attributive Clause ?

SA : Yes , They are , " who , whom , which , that "

T : Very good , Sit down , , please , Now ,who can tell the function of these relative pronouns ? SB , will you please try ?

SB : Sorry , I can' t

T: It doesn’t' t matter, I' ll tell you, but you must keep in your mind this time, When we refer to a person, we can use the words " who, whom or that “, When we refer to a thing, we use the words " that " or " which.”

Sc : Excuse me , Sir , but how can we choose a proper relative pronoun to introduce an Attributive Clause ?

T: That's a problem you must pay special attention to, Only when you know the function of each relative pronoun can you choose the right one to complete an Attributive Clause. For example ," The book which / that I bought yesterday is very interesting ." Another example , " The girl who / what wears a red coat is my daughter ." In the first sentence ," which or that " refers to a thing , it is used as the object in the clause , In the second one , " who or that " refers to a person , it is used as the subject in the clause , Now look at the form on the screen .

Relative pronoun refer to function

in the clause examples

who person Subject

object The girl who was there is Sally. The girl who you saw is Sally

whom person object The boy ( whom ) I mentioned is Charlie . The boy ( whom ) I talked to is Charlie

which thing subject

object It sounded like a train which was going under my house .

This is a place (which) I' ve long wanted to visit.

that person subject

object Who is the man that Stands there?

Who is the man (that) you said hello to ?

thing subject

object Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.

The car (that) my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake .

Step V . Pairwork

1. SB . Lesson 31 . Part2. Get the Ss to work in pairs . They are asked to make as many sentences as they can . Table / refers to people while Table 2 refers to things .

Suggested examples :

Table 1 :

The boy(s) who / that came to supper was ( were ) at school with me .

The girl ( who/ that) I visited was a friend of mine .

The woman who / that bought the cakes was very happy .

The man who / that sold me the carrots was a friend of mine .

The farmer ( who / that ) I met in the market was my uncle .

The girl who / that bought the cakes was my sister .

Table 2 :

The pancake ( which / that ) I bought was delicious .

The dog ( which / that ) I bought was expensive .

The noodles ( which / that ) I cooked were too dry .

The tomatoes ( which / that ) I bought were green .

The food which / that were on the table was delicious .

The dog ( which / that ) I found was very hungry .

2. While checking the answers , the teacher must tell the Ss that a relative pronoun can be omitted if it is used as the object in the Clause . But if a relative pronoun is put after a preposition , it can' t be omitted . Give an example and write two sentences on the Bb .

e.g. The boy ( whom ) I spoke is Charlie

The boy to whom I spoke is Charlie.

Step VI . Practice

1. SB . Lesson 31 . Part 3. The students are required to join each pair of sentences , using the relative pronouns " who / that / which " . They are also required to translate the sentences into Chinese . Give the Ss some minutes to prepare , then ask them to write their answers in their exercise books . Finally , check the answers with the class.

( Show the suggested answers on the screen .)

**************

1. The eggs ( that / which ) I bought yesterday were not fresh . 我昨天買的雞蛋不新鮮。

2. The friend who came to supper last night wasn' t hungry 昨天晚上來吃晚飯的朋友不餓。

3. He prefers the cheese which / that comes from his parents ' farm .

他更喜歡來自他父母親農場的奶酪。

4. The noodles (which / that) you Cooked were delicious. 你做的面條很好吃。

5. I don' t like people who smoke a lot . 我不喜歡抽煙多的人。

6. The man who lives next to us sells vegetables . 住在我們隔壁的那個人是賣菜的。

7. I prefer dumplings which that have just been cooked. 我比較喜歡吃剛煮好的餃子。

8. Don't drink water which / that has not been boiled . 不要喝沒有燒開的水。

9. The tomatoes ( which / that ) we ate just now were expensive . 我們剛才吃的西紅柿不便宜。

10. The pancakes ( which / that ) you had for breakfast were made of corn .

你早飯吃的煎餅是玉米做的。

While checking the answers , tell the Ss to pay attention to the pronouns in the second sentences . They must be dropped off in the clause . More practice can be supplied for the Ss .

2. Wb , Lesson 31 . Ex . 2. Join each pair of the sentences . Two model sentences are given . First go through the examples with the Ss , then tell the Ss to work in pairs . Finally check the answers with the whole class.

Suggested answers :

1. The man who brought us the letter yesterday is in the next room .

2. The film ( that / which ) they saw last night is interesting .

3. The pen ( which / that ) he has taken away is mine .

4. The students who don' t work hard will not pass the exam .

5. The lady ( that / who / whom ) you saw just now is our geography teacher .

Step VII . Practice

WB , Lesson 31 Ex . 1. First tell the Ss to fill in the blanks with the relative pronoun " who, which or that “. Then let the students translate the sentences into Chinese . This can be left as the homework for the Ss , but it should be done orally in class first .

Suggested answers :

1. which / that 鐘表是一種告訴人們時間的機器。

2. which / that 冰箱是一種能用來使食物保持新鮮的機器。

3. which / that 熊貓是一種只能在中國找到的動物。

4. which / that 四月一日是西方被稱為“ 愚人節”的日子。

5. who / that 護士是看護病人的人。

6. who / that 老師是給學生授課的人。

7. who / that 盲人是什么也看不見的人。

8. (who / whom / that ) 你上次拜訪過的那位婦女是位著名的作家。

9. who / that 住在隔壁的男孩有兩只狗。

10. ( which / that ) 他正在尋找的那所房子價格不菲。

11. ( which / that ) 這些是我女兒小時候畫的圖畫。

12. which / that " howl " 是一個來源于美洲印弟安人的詞。

13. which / that 請想出一個來源于外國語的漢語詞匯。

14. (who / whom / that ) 他是那個我昨天在公園里遇見的人。

15. who / that 你能幫我找到那個救了那女孩的人嗎？

Step VIII . Sum up

Sum up the relative pronouns which can introduce an Attributive Clause and write them on the Bb , Let the Ss tell the function of the relative pronouns without looking at their notbooks .

Step IX . Homework

1. Write Ex , 1 and Ex . 2. on Page 94 in the exercise books and hand them in .

2. Finish Ex . 3. after class.

Suggested answers :

1--- D ; 2 --- E ; 3 --- A ; 4 ----B ; 5 ----C ; 6 ---- F ; 7 ---- G

Step X . The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Lesson 31

Passive Voice ( be + P.P.)

Relative Pronoun : people ( who / whom / that )

things ( which / that )

e.g. The boy ( whom ) I spoke to is Charlie .

The boy to whom I spoke is Charlie .

Step XI . Record after teaching