Lesson 5

Teaching aims.

1. 通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識到吸煙有害健康.

2. 學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用表示”請求,允許,不允許’’等日常用語.

Step 1 Lead-in

A free talk with the students to review the ways of asking for permission.

1) Can I use your pen/textbook, please?

2) May I close/open the door?

3) Could I have a look at your homework?0

4) Yes, of course.

5) Sure. Go ahead.

Step 2 Dialogue presentation:

Close your books, please. We are going to listen to a dialogue between Wang Bing and Hank. They are in Hank’s office.

I. The first listening:

A, What two things does Wang Bing want to do?

(smoke in the office, use the phone)B

B, Can Wang Bing smoke in the office?

(No. It is not allowed)

C, Can he use the phone?

(Yes, of course.)

II. The second listening:

A, How does Wang Bing ask for permission?

Do you mind if I do…?

Would you mind if did…?

I wonder if could/can…?

B. How does Hank give permission or refuse to give permission?

I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed.

I’m afraid all these offices are non-smoking offices.

Sure. Go ahead.

Step III Dialogue Presentation

Situation:

If you want some money for a football ticket, you may ask your parents for permission as well as for money.

--- Hi, mum. There will be a wonderful football match in our city this weekend.

---You know, I’m not interested in it at all.

---Yes. But I mean, would you mind if I went to watch it?

---No.

---Thanks, mum. Would you give me some money for a ticket?

---How much do you need?

---One hundred and fifty.

---That’s too much. I’m afraid I can’t help you.

Step VI. Consolidation

1, Ex.1: Read and act out the dialogue in pairs.

3. Ex.2; Discuss the answers in pairs then check with the whole class. The students are encouraged to give different answers.

4. Ex:3: Get two students to read the model dialogue, then ask the students to make dialogues about the same picture in pairs, using different expressions. Finally ask several pairs to perform their dialogues.

Lesson 6.

Step 1 Revision

1. Check the homework exercises, especially WB Lesson 5. Ex. 3.

2. Ask the students to read and act out the dialogue.

3. Practise the drilling in the asking for permission phrases.

Step 2 Presentation

1. Draw a No smoking sign on the blackboard ask some questions:

1) What does this mean?

2) Where can you find this sign?

3) Why is smoking not allowed?

4) Who smoke more in China: men or women?

5) Do you think it is good or bad smoking?

2. Make a note of the students’ answers on the Bb. Teach some key vocabulary, such as a packet of cigarettes, tobacco, habit.

3. Talk about the picture of Part 1. Ask the following questions:

1) What xan you see in the picture? ( Mother, her child and a cigarette.)

2) What the picture mean? ( It means that smoking is bad for the heralth of you family.)

4. Read through the questions on the top of the page. Let the students read the passage quickly to find the answers.

Step 3 Reading

1. Read through Ex.1 with the students and make sure they know what to.

2. Let the students read the passage carefully and note the answers.

3. Disciss the answers with the whole class and deal with any language points that arise.

Step 4 Language point

1. This is because each year millions of smokers die from smoking.

* die from; die of 均可表示＂因．．．而死亡＂指疾病造成的死亡用die of 和die from均可．如：die from/of heart illness, die from/of cancer．Die from還可表示因外部創(chuàng)傷或間接的原因而死．如：die from a wound, die from overwork, die from polluted air. * die of 常指因內(nèi)部原因造成的死亡，如：　疾病＼饑渴＼年老＼悲傷＼事故等．

* die by 指死于暴力，刀或劍等兇器．如：die by the sword/hanging.

* doe for 為某種事業(yè)或目的而死．如：die for one’s country/ the people/ the revolutionary cause.

* die through carelessness 因過失而死

die in poverty 因貧窮而死　

* die away 逐漸減弱、消失

* die out 絕跡、滅亡

The noise died away.

This custom has died out in China.

* be dying for 極想得到。。。

She is dying for a piano of her own.

They are dying for a visit to the Great Wall.

* die 后接形容詞或名詞，表示死時的情況，如: die happy/rich, die a hero.

2. First, money is spent looking after people with illness which have been caused by smoking.

* spend ( time/ money) in doing sth./ on sth.

The children spent the whole afternoon doing their homework.

The teacher spent a whole day correcting the students’ papers.

Lots of money was spent repairing the old houses.

如何區(qū)別spend cost take pay? 應(yīng)從以下幾個方面來區(qū)別：

1． 搞清楚花費(fèi)的分別是什么。

2． 其主語分別是什么。

3． 其固定搭配。

4． 特殊的用法。

1） cost 使失去。其后接雙賓語，不能用被動語態(tài)。

The accident cost him his life.

His carelessness cost him his the first prize.

2) spend = live 度過

He spent his childhood in the countryside.

3) He bought a bike yesterday. They took him 100 yuan for it.

3.The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down.

* catch fire 著火、起火; 有動態(tài)的含義；be on fire 有靜態(tài)的含義。

Look, the theatre is on fire! Let’s go and help.

The theatre caught fire last night; firefighters were sent immediately.

* set … on fire 使。。。著火，放火燒。。。

He is the very man who set the theatre on fire.

a running fire 連發(fā)，連射，一連串的批評指責(zé)

between two fires　遭兩面夾擊

carry fire in one hand and water in the other　口不應(yīng)心，施展兩面手法

fire out　［美］解雇，開除

fire up 生火；突然發(fā)怒

go through fire and water赴湯蹈火

hold fire 忍住不表態(tài)

make a fire　生火

open fire　開火，開始

play with fire 玩火　He who plays with fire gets burnt.

pull out of the fire 使轉(zhuǎn)敗為勝

Soft fire makes sweet malt.文火煮出好麥芽糖；慢工出細(xì)活。

* burn down 和burn up均可表示“燒毀、燒掉”，burn down主要指建筑，主語一般是表示事物的名詞，burn up可指所有可燃燒的事物，主語可以是人或物。兩個短語均可用作及物或不及物。如：

The town was burnt down in 1932 and has since been built.

The building was burnt down and only ashes were left.

A number of houses were burnt down in the fire.

The fire burned up more than 50.000 worth of painting

Let’s burn up all the fallen leaves.

The angry people burnt down the house.

Lots of wooden houses were burnt down in a big fire last night.

４．百分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)

* 百分?jǐn)?shù)一般讀作pre cent ,　在句中作主語、賓語、狀語等。作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式其后的名詞形式．

At present about 48% of the Chinese population smoke.

Seventy per cent of the students in our school are boys.

More than sixty-five percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

They have completed eighty per cent of the work by the end of last month.

The factory produced 20 per cent more cars last year than the year before.

* 分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞．當(dāng)分子大于１時，分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，即＋s ．如：one – fourth, three- fifths, two- thirds, two and three-fifths.　分子與分母間的連字符可有可無，＂四分子一＂可說成：a fourth, on e fourth, one- fourth, a quarter, one quarter; ＂二分子一＂可說成：a half, one half.＂半磅茶＂可說成：half a pound of tea, a half pound of tea.

分?jǐn)?shù)在句中作主語，賓語，定語，狀語等，作主語時，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)．如：

A quarter of the workers are women.

The thirds of the apple is rotten.

A third of the class are girls. Two-thirds of the money has been used up.

China produces one third of the world’s cigarettes.

They wirked there for two and a half years.

China is one sixth larger than the United States.

5．population 的用法　

*　常用句型:

What is the population of China?

China has a population of 1.2 billion.

The population of China is 1.2 billion.

* 通常用單數(shù)形式，但如果指部分人口，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式．試比較：

Most of the population there are women.

The farming population of this country remains unchanged.

Seventy percent of the population of China are farmers.

* population 一般和不定冠詞a連用，指一個整體，a不能省；指一個國家或地區(qū)的整體人口時，不用復(fù)數(shù)．但如果指幾個地區(qū)或國家的人口時，則可用復(fù)述形式．如：Many parts of the world used to have large populations.

* population常見搭配：control population, reach a population of, population explosion, the English-speaking population, the whole population, growth in population, a city of 760.000 population.

6. chance的用法

１） chance = possibility 可能性。可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。

The chances are ten to one that you will win.你十之八九會贏。

You will have more chance of catching the train if you take a taxi to the station instead of walking.

The chances are a hundred to one against you. 你只有百分之一成功的可能性。

* hope 也可表示“可能性”，但一般用作不可數(shù)名詞。如：There is little hope/ chance of their winning the game.

２） 表示“偶然性”、“運(yùn)氣”時,dance 為不可數(shù)名詞。如：Chance plays an important part in many card games. 玩紙牌許多時候靠運(yùn)氣。Let’s leave it to chance. 聽其自然吧。

3)　作“機(jī)會”講時是可數(shù)名詞，如：It’s a good chance to learn from the famous scientists. If I give you a second chance, will you promise to be good?

4) by chance 碰巧

I met her in Shanghai by chance last week.

5) take the chance to do … 利用機(jī)會做某事

6) 也可用作動詞，表示“碰巧”，相當(dāng)于happen，可用于chance to do sth.和It chanced that…

I chanced/ happened to see him in Shanghai.

It so chanced that I was out when he called.

1. compare一詞的用法

* compare with 把。。。和。。。相比較，指同類事物的具體比較

　She began comparing herself with her classmates and find she didn’t study so hard as any of the others.

Compare this with that, and you will see which is better.

Comparing these two languages, we can see there are differences as well as similarities.

* compare to　“比作”之意，指非同類事物間的抽象比較。如：

Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.

They compared the boy to a small tiger.

People often compare girls to flowers.

Man’s life is often compared to a candle.

* compare with 是具體的比較，compare to 是抽象的比較。但現(xiàn)代英語中，說：“比較”時可互換，如說“譬喻”則要用compare to.

* compared to 和compared with 表示“與。。。　比較起來”，在句中作狀語，位于句中或句未，可互換。如：　

Compared to/ with many other people, she was indeed lucky.

It was a small town then, compared to/ with what is now.

The production of cars has increased 18% compared to/ with 1995.

London is large, compared to/ with Pairs.

2. remain vi. Be still present after a part has gone or has been taken away 剩下；遺留。Continue in some place or condition; continue to be 依然；繼續(xù)存在；保持不變

After the fire, very little remained of my house.

If you take 3 from 8, 5 remains.

Much remains to be settled.

By Wednesday the sore throat was gone but the fever remained.

How many weeks will you remain here?

He still remains weak.

Some students offered to remain behind to help clear up after the meeting.

He went home with remaining $ 1.